Schwandorf Castle

Pflegehof today

The lost Schwandorf Castle was the seat of a Wittelsbach caretaker for the Schwandorf office . The listed successor building is still referred to as the Pflegehof (Kirchengasse 1) today .

history

The area around Schwandorf came from the inheritance of the Lords of Pettendorf and Lengenfeld through the marriage of the heir's daughter Helika to the Counts of Scheyern , who later became Wittelsbachers. However, the Regensburg monastery Sankt Emmeram in Suainicondorf (as Schwandorf was called at the time) had large possessions, and the monastery Obermünster was also wealthy here. In 1221 the Duke of Wittelsbach was entrusted with the bailiwick of these possessions by the Regensburg Bishop Konrad IV of Frontenhausen , so that the acquisition title of Schwandorf arose from it. The castle in Schwandorf is mentioned for the first time in 1410 (and again in 1411, 1412 and 1417) when the Dukes Erst and Wilhelm instructed Gelder to build castles in Sulzbach , Rosenberg , Poppberg and Schwainickendorf . In 1451 the castle appears in a document from Margrave Albrecht of Brandenburg. At this time Schwandorf became the seat of an office , with the caretaker residing in the castle.

The Wittelsbachers divided their property into so-called offices, which were initially headed by a preposition and later by a nurse. Around 1130/40 the office of Prepositus Palatini Comitis in the Schwandorf area occupied a Hagano de Withartesdorf (today Wackersdorf ). After the Urbar of the 1231/34 Schwandorfer office comprised ten locations, all cash donations had to do. The office remained in place until 1803, in 1799 when all the nursing offices were converted to a district court and the head of the district was named district judge. On September 12, 1803 it was incorporated into the Burglengenfeld Regional Court and ceased to exist as an independent administrative unit.

As a rule, the Schwandorf keeper was also a judge, Kastner and fish master on the Nordgau for the extensive pond holdings. Sometimes the carers were supported by unpaid workers , customs officers or caretakers . The list of carers is known from 1306 and begins with the judge Levtwein . Significant families from Upper Palatinate are represented among the keepers, such as the Paulsdorfer , the Fronberger , the Zenger and the Teufel von Pirkensee (a coat of arms of the Teufel with the year 1606 was moved here in the 20th century). In 1662 Heinrich von Quentel was appointed nurse; this family remained hereditary and main caretakers of Schwandorf until 1799. After the death of the last Quentel, the office of Johann Sebastian von Reisch was continued as a caretaker administrator for the minor heirs and then on February 21, 1799 as a caretaker commissioner. The last maintenance commissioner, Benno Weber, was employed on the condition that he married the widow of his predecessor. The list of Schwandorf district judges ends with August Benno Weber (1799–1803).

During the War of the Succession of Landshut was Schwandorf on the part of Duke Albrecht IV. Schwandorf was by the followers of the electors of the Palatinate , Philip the Sincere , already besieged on 5 June 1504 was at that time but defended successfully without support. Under the command of the Palatinate Viztum von Amberg , Ludwig von Eyb , it was besieged by Bohemian mercenaries from August 10, 1504. The Schwandorf nurse Marin von Sparneck had rushed to Nuremberg and asked for support; Nuremberg held out the nurse without helping. Although the hopelessly inferior city Schwandorf (Schwandorf was a military crew of 80 men, on the part of Eyb were 6,000 soldiers) on August 12, 1504 and 3000 resulted in fl arson paid, it was set on fire and looted. Schwandorf Castle also went up in flames. After the so-called Enns Recess or the Cologne saying of 1505, the city was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria-Munich and added to the newly founded Young Palatinate .

In 1508, a new nursing home was built on the ruins of the Schwandorf castle complex, which was called a castle in 1410 (see above). At the Diet of Augsburg from 23 August 1508 Schwandorf was Emperor Maximilian I definitively the newly created principality of Neuburg slammed shut. Schwandorf suffered further destruction in 1634 by Swedish horsemen during the Thirty Years' War . This year, Prince Gonzaga and Colonel Strozi have at the castle ( in acre ).

Nursing home today

In 1857 the building came into the possession of the city and then served various purposes, including as a school building (initially only boys' school, from 1858 boys' and girls' school, also a teacher's apartment) and from 1922 to 2003 as town hall. Between 1937 and 1942, a major renovation of the care yard took place in order to be able to use it as a town hall. After another renovation, the building was handed over to its new purpose on September 28, 2012 as the seat of the Schwandorf adult education center and the tourist information office.

Today's nursing home is a three-storey hipped roof building with a standing bay window and dormers .

literature

• Grünwald, Gerhard (2000): The former care yard in Schwandorf. Annual volume on culture and history in the district of Schwandorf, Vol. 11 , pp. 45–58.
• City of Schwandorf (ed.): Schwandorf in the past and present. City chronicle in 2 volumes. Don Bosco graphic company, Ensdorf 2001.
• Joseph Pesserl: Chronicle and topography of Schwandorf. In negotiations of the Historical Association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. 1865 . (Reprint: 1989, ISBN 3-923006-78-0 )
• Wolfsteiner, Alfred & Angela Heller-Wolfensteiner (2005). Schwandorf. 1000 years of history on the Naab. Published by the city of Schwandorf. Don Bosco graphic company, Ensdorf.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hans Schneider: Schwandorf as the official seat of Wittelsbach. In Stadt Schwandorf, Volume 1 (2001), pp. 73-114.
2. ↑ Hans Schneider: Schwandorf as the official seat of Wittelsbach. In Stadt Schwandorf, Volume 1 (2001), pp. 111-114.
3. ↑ Wolfsteiner & Heller-Wolfensteiner (2005), p. 20.

Coordinates: 49 ° 19 ′ 52.1 ″  N , 12 ° 6 ′ 29.5 ″  E