Schwarzenfeld

The title of this article is ambiguous. For further meanings see Schwarzenfeld (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 23 '  N , 12 ° 8'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Upper Palatinate
County :	Schwandorf
Management Community :	Schwarzenfeld
Height :	364 m above sea level NHN
Area :	38.26 km 2
Residents:	6316 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	165 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	92521
Area code :	09435
License plate :	SAD, BUL , NAB , NEN, OVI, ROD
Community key :	09 3 76 163
Market structure:	19 districts
Market administration address :	Viktor-Koch-Str. 4 92521 Schwarzenfeld
Website :	www.schwarzenfeld.de
Mayor :	Peter Neumeier (Free Voters / ÜPW)
Location of the Schwarzenfeld market in the Schwandorf district

Schwarzenfeld (2012)

Schwarzenfeld is a market in the Upper Palatinate district of Schwandorf and the seat of the Schwarzenfeld administrative community .

geography

Geographical location

Schwarzenfeld is located in the Upper Palatinate North region at the confluence of the Naab and Schwarzach rivers at the northern end of the Upper Palatinate Lake District . The highest point is the Miesberg with the Dreifaltigkeitskirche (foundation stone laid for the chapel in 1691; in 1721 the chapel was enlarged to a church, in 1888 the church received the tower that is still preserved today) and the Passionist monastery (founded 1934–1935). A Way of the Cross (inaugurated in 1951) leads around the facility on the Miesberg along the Philosophenweg; on this is also the St. Barbara lookout pulpit. Between Miesberg and Traunrichter Berg (name of the Traunricht district ) lies the Naab breakthrough with the Naabinsel (castle park), opposite the mouth of the Schwarzach crossed by the A 93.

The foothills of the pile are visible on the Dachsberg , a quartz rock chain of around 150 km in length that extends to the Bavarian Forest .

Community structure

In addition to the main town, the town of Schwarzenfeld consists of the following 18 districts:

Ant pit Asbach Buchtal Deiselkühn Freezing point Glöcklhof

Godlhof Hohenirlach Woodhouse Insane wages Kögl Ödhof

Pretzabruck Raffach Schwaig Sonnenried Traunricht Zilchenricht

There are the districts of Pretzabruck, Schwarzenfeld, Sonnenried, Frotzersricht.

history

Until the 19th century

Schwarzenfeld is mentioned for the first time on April 17, 1015 in a deed of gift from Emperor Heinrich II to the diocese of Bamberg as Suarzinvelt .

Schwarzenfeld belonged to the Amberg Rent Office and the Nabburg Regional Court in the Electorate of Bavaria . The Counts of Holnstein owned a country estate here with lower jurisdiction . However, the place also had market rights with important proprietary rights. In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria , today's municipality was created with the municipal edict of 1818 . In 1890 Schwarzenfeld was raised to the market.

20th century

At the end of the Second World War in April 1945, the death marches of concentration camp prisoners began from the Flossenbürg concentration camp to the Dachau concentration camp . On April 17, 1945, around 2,000 Jewish prisoners were transported by train from the Flossenbürg concentration camp. On April 19, 1945 at 7 a.m. the train reached Schwarzenfeld, where it was again attacked by American planes. 200 SS soldiers took cover and guarded the train to ensure that the prisoners did not leave the train. Some prisoners tried to flee during this air raid, most of them were killed by SS guards or died in the air raid. The prisoners could be heard screaming from hunger in the wagons, but the SS prevented them from getting food from the population. The wounded prisoners or those who were too weak to march were shot by the SS. 140 dead remained at the train station in Schwarzenfeld. On the evening of April 19, they left Schwarzenfeld, divided into ten columns, which marched off at ten-minute intervals. Some columns had taken the Schwarzenfeld, Kemnath , Fuhrn route, others the Schwarzenfeld, Asbach, Taxöldern route. Most of them met again in Neunburg vorm Wald . When the Americans came to Schwarzenfeld shortly afterwards, they found the first bodies. The Americans gave the community an ultimatum. The corpses had to be exhumed within 48 hours and dignified buried with the help of the local population, otherwise the place would be destroyed. The bodies were buried in the Schwarzenfeld cemetery until they were transferred to Flossenbürg in 1957.

Due to the influx of many expellees after 1945 (especially from the Sudetenland and Silesia , but also East Prussia ), not only did the population increase considerably after the Second World War (1939: 3,276 inhabitants, 1950 there were 5,664), but the place also experienced a considerable economic and especially cultural boom.

Timetable

Schwarzenfeld in the 19th century

• 1015: First documentary mention
• 1796: In Schwarzenfeld the parties of the 1st coalition war , the French and Austrians, face each other
• 1890: Elevation to the market
• 1935: Monastery building on the Miesberg
• 1938: Establishment of the Buchtal ceramics company as " Hermann-Göring-Werke " with housing estate (" Hermann-Göring -Siedlung")
• 1952: The foundation stones for the Catholic Marienkirche and the Protestant Christ Church are laid
• 1974: Administrative partnership with the neighboring community of Stulln
• 1977: The partnership with Straß in Styria is decided and the new town hall inaugurated
• 1978: Schwarzach b. Nabburg joins the administrative community

Incorporations

On January 1, 1972, the previously independent municipality of Pretzabruck and parts of the dissolved municipality of Frotzersricht were incorporated. The Ebermannsdorf community was dissolved in two steps. The area of ​​the finally dissolved municipality was incorporated on July 1, 1973. On January 1, 1978, Sonnenried was added without the Rauberweiherhaus, which was incorporated on October 1, 1949.

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018 the market grew from 5,952 to 6,321 by 369 inhabitants or 6.2%.

Population development in Schwarzenfeld from 1961 to 2018 according to the table below

• 1961: 5990 inhabitants
• 1970: 6429 inhabitants
• 1987: 5929 inhabitants
• 1991: 6117 inhabitants
• 1995: 6285 inhabitants
• 2000: 6338 inhabitants
• 2005: 6319 inhabitants
• 2010: 6191 inhabitants
• 2015: 6244 inhabitants
• 2018: 6321 inhabitants

politics

Marienkirche and town hall in Schwarzenfeld

mayor

Mayor of Schwarzenfeld is Peter Neumeier ( Free Voters / ÜPW ). In 2020 he succeeded Manfred Rodde ( CSU ). With 75% he won against Wolfgang Prebeck (CSU).

Market council

The market council of Schwarzenfeld consists of the mayor and 20 market councilors. After the municipal council election on March 16, 2014 with a voter turnout of 64.1%, the committee has the following composition:

• CSU : 7 seats (-3), share of votes 32.8%
• SPD : 1 seat (- 1), share of the vote 6.9%
• Non-partisan voter group ( ÜPW ): 5 seats (+ 2), share of the vote 26.4%
• Settler community Schwarzenfeld (settlers): 3 seats (+ 1), share of votes 14.1%
• Christian constituency (CWG): 2 seats (+ 1), share of votes 8.0%
• Schwarzenfeld voter group (SWG): 2 seats (+ 1), share of votes 11.8%

The group of voters “Women for Schwarzenfeld” did not run again (- 1).

CSU-CWG (9 seats + mayor) and ÜPW-Siedler-SWG (10 seats) each form factional communities.

coat of arms

The Schwarzenfeld coat of arms is a design by the elementary school teacher, councilor and amateur artist Karl Denk † from 1963.

Blazon : Divided by black and blue by a silver wavy bar; above a continuous golden bridge with a customs house, below a silver carp.

In the upper field a stylized bridge with a customs house in the middle all in yellow against a black background (for Schwarzenfeld) over the Naab; the bridge was part of the important trade route from Nuremberg to Prague ( more precisely: the "Forbidden Road" under Charles IV , an alternative route to the Golden Road , which was increasingly used from around 1490). The Naab is indicated below as a stylized wavy band (black and silver). In the lower part of the coat of arms, separated from the upper field, a silver carp against a blue background. The colors are those of the Counts of Leuchtenberg , who ruled the area for a long time. The sparse scales on the back of the carp show a "mirror carp", this symbolizes the great importance of carp farming for the place.

Town twinning

Schwarzenfeld has officially maintained a partnership with the community of Straß in Styria since 1978 . The connection between the two markets is based on a curiosity: mail often did not arrive in Straß in Austria, but in Schwarzenfeld, as the two places had the same postcode 8472 at the time. The later city partnership arose from the contact between the two postal services, which was more due to administrative constraints.

Culture and sights

View over the Green Lake in north direction

Western front of the Trinity Church

Secular buildings

• Mausoleum of the Counts of Holnstein
• Schwarzenfeld Castle with Castle Park
• Sister house of the Poor School Sisters
• Center with cross

Churches

• Catholic parish church of St. Dionysius and Aegidius
• Catholic Marienkirche
• Catholic Trinity Church with Passionist Monastery on the Miesberg
• Evangelical Christ Church

See also : List of architectural monuments in Schwarzenfeld

music

Schwarzenfeld music band

The music band is indispensable in Schwarzenfeld and accompanies many Schwarzenfeld events and parades musically with their various ensembles.

St. Barbara Mountain Choir

Probably the only pure male choir (church choir) of the Diocese of Regensburg is at home in the Dreifaltigkeitskirche on the Miesberg. A good 30 men hold office on the Miesberg three times a month on Sunday morning (9:30 am). Secular songs and wedding pieces are also part of the repertoire.

Schwarzenfeld summer of music

The Schwarzenfeld Music Summer with concerts taking place every year on the last weekend in July was initiated by Josef Blank, solo oboist in the orchestra of the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz in Munich. The venues were the old parish church and the garden of the Passionist monastery on the Miesberg. According to a decision by the market town council, the Schwarzenfeld music summer 2010 took place for the last time.

Oischnak Festival

The Oischnak Festival was launched in 2000 . Until 2002 it took place every year in the Tyczka hall (a former gas bottle filling hall). After the capacity of the industrial hall with almost 900 guests had finally been blown up, the decision was made to move. Since September 27, 2003, the home of the Oischnak Festival has been the sports park hall in Schwarzenfeld. Since 2003 the Oischnak e. V. is responsible for the festival with around 60 members. In 2007 the festival returned to its origins and has since been held in the Tyczka Hall again. The Tyczka Hall has meanwhile been torn down; Another supermarket was built on the former factory site.

Musical highlights of the last few years:

Naab near Schwarzenfeld

• 2002 Rumbuddl
• 2003 Natural Born Hippies and Schandmaul
• 2004 4lyn and The Wealthy Children
• 2006 Emil Bulls , ZSK , scrap limit
• 2007 MyNewZoo , Rumbuddl
• 2008 Timid Tiger , Julia , MaryJane
• 2009 My New Zoo , Atomic , Soliloquy

Sunpark Festival

Every summer from 2002 to 2007, the Sunpark Festival took place in Schwarzenfeld's Schlosspark, which was run by the local youth association SUCKeR e. V. was organized. The festival enjoyed great popularity every year, drew visitors from near and far and was continuously expanded to include several music areas. Over 12,000 visitors have already enjoyed the OpenAir festival atmosphere in Schwarzenfeld. In addition to regional groups such as B. Rattle Gang, gongFM Band, Mary's Cake or Analog Rock, nationally known or nationally known groups such. B. Natural Born Hippies , Chair-o-plane, DSDS winner Elli Erl , Anastasia , AK4711 or Louis Osbourne (son of Ozzy Osbourne ).

Siblings Winterer

Numerous workers for the then Buchtal had immigrated from the Bavarian Forest ("Waldler"), including the father of the Winterer siblings , one of the most famous singing duos in the Upper Palatinate, whose genuine folk music is widely regarded.

Homeland poetry

Schwarzenfeld's geographic location is described romantically in a short poem. The poem still serves as a singing phrase for some Schwarzenfeld choirs.

Where Naab and Schwarzach got married, I chose my home. All my luck, my Schwarzenfeld, lies at the foot of the Miesberg.

economy

Overview; Agriculture and Forestry

In 1998 there were three employees in the area of ​​agriculture and forestry, 1,412 in the manufacturing sector and 202 in the area of ​​trade and transport. In other sectors of the economy 334 people were employed subject to social security contributions at the place of work, and there were a total of 2094 employees subject to social security contributions at the place of residence. There were two in the manufacturing sector and eight in the construction sector.

In addition, in 1999 there were 65 farms with an agricultural area of ​​1696 ha; of which 1201 hectares were arable land.

Industry

Johannes-Schacht, Wölsendorf, September 1951

For a long time, mining played an important role in Schwarzenfeld's surrounding area - as in other areas of the Upper Palatinate - especially the extraction of fluorspar and the like. a. in the nearby Wölsendorf on the Marienschacht and Johannesschacht pit . In 1951, uranium ore ( uranotile ) was mined in the hanging walls of fluorspar veins in the Johannessschacht . The miners had to wear lead aprons. They moved the material to old mining sections , which were provided with a closing wall. The uranium-containing mineral wölsendorfite was also discovered in the Johannessschacht . The mining of fluorspar was finally stopped in 1987. Silver was already being mined in the surrounding area around 1500 ( Venetian shaft in Lissenthan near Nabburg ). The mineralogical-geological rock collection in the Schwarzenfeld town hall is a reminder of this era; the Upper Palatinate fluorspar mine Reichhart-Schacht in Freiung (municipality of Stulln ) is a popular destination. The Kocher tunnel in Wölsendorf has also been expanded into a visitor mine . From 1937 to 1953 fluorspar was mined there and transported to the nearby Marienschacht. The tunnel is considered to be an example of the mining history of the entire region.

Marien-Schacht, Wölsendorf, August 1968

In May 1938 the foundation stone was laid on the site of the brickworks of the United Schmidgaden-Schwarzenfeld trade union for the new works of Buchtal AG, ceramic factories of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring . The Buchtal-Reichswerke were a subsidiary of the Annawerk , the majority of which belonged to the Cremer Group (founded in 1906 in Frechen). Gottfried Cremer was responsible for the overall planning of the plant and the management . The modern Buchtal plant was built to secure the need for high-quality firebricks for the construction and operation of the iron and steel works. Refractory firebricks are necessary for the operation of steel blast furnaces and are therefore of central importance to the war effort. The Buchtal plant had its own forced labor camp with around 750 people.

For decades the company Buchtal AG, now Agrob Buchtal (a company of Deutsche Steinzeug AG), was a manufacturer of ceramic products for construction ( tiles , brick slips , patented large panels and earlier, on a large scale, roof tiles and pipes mainly for sewerage ) , most important employer and trade tax payer. From Schwarzenfeld come u. a. the tiles for the Olympic swimming pools in Munich and Moscow . The reason for the settlement at the end of the 1930s was the extensive deposits of clay in the surrounding area.

The Naabtaler Milchwerke (one of the largest dairy companies in Germany) have had an important production facility in Schwarzenfeld (around 420 employees) since the 1980s .

Aluminum-bronze ( paint ) was produced in a factory on the Naab for decades .

Gravel pits are still exploited in wet mining; the landscape south of Schwarzenfeld was largely shaped by them for a long time. In the 1970s, for example, the Green Lake , a local recreation area and angler's paradise, was created. Immediately adjacent to it, two more lakes were created by 2011/2012, which are currently reserved for anglers.

Also known is the Schwarzenfeld-based company Pontis (meanwhile merged into another company), whose managing director can be considered the inventor of the portable MP3 player that is now widely used (storage on MMC , 1995).

See also: Hammerwerk Schwarzenfeld

Fishing industry

Panorama: The Green Lake

The total size of the ponds between Asbach and Holzhaus is about 260 hectares and is therefore roughly identical to the former property of the Counts of Holnstein's pond management. A signposted fish trail about 4 km long can be explored by bike or on foot. In addition to carp, bream, tench, pikeperch, eel, catfish, barbel, nose , perch and pike land in the traps and on the fishing hooks.

At the end of the 18th century, Max Joseph Graf von Holnstein, the last governor of the Upper Palatinate before the secularization from 1803 , acquired the Rauberweiherhaus estate with the associated fishing waters and, by crossing a Franconian and a Bohemian carp, bred the Schwarzenfeld mirror carp , which quickly thanks to its uniform scale pattern known and often awarded. He was u. a. served as a specialty on board the Titanic . - Since 1934 private pond owners have been operating the fishing industry.

Services

A number of service companies are based in Schwarzenfeld, including Neufeld Verlag , which has been based in 2005 .

Transport and infrastructure

Transport links from Schwarzenfeld

Trunk road connection

The federal motorway 93 ( Hof - Munich ) runs through the local area of ​​Schwarzenfeld in a north-south direction . Before the construction of the A 93 and the graduation to the district road in the section between Neustadt and Schwandorf , the former federal road 15 ( Hof - Rosenheim ) was the main connection to Regensburg , which ran in north-south direction through Schwarzenfeld. About 20 kilometers north between Wernberg and Pfreimd crosses the motorway 6 ( Nuremberg - Waidhaus ), the future highway Paris - Prague ( European Road 50), which essentially still the section between the westerly from Amberg and the interchange was complete, the until then it was run on federal highway 85 . The commissioning between Amberg-Ost and the Oberpfälzer Wald motorway junction took place in 2008; Construction on this last 20 km long section began on June 9, 2004.

train

Schwarzenfeld station is on the Regensburg – Weiden railway line .

On November 19, 1902, the Munich – Berlin night train ( D-Zug 21) drove in the exit of the station onto a freight train that was also departing late . Its last four wagons were smashed, two brakemen of the freight train died. The cause was a misunderstood telephone order from the station master to a railway attendant .

Schwarzenfeld station is located two kilometers north of the Irrenlohe railway junction, where the Regensburg – Weiden (–Hof) line is crossed by the Nuremberg – Schwandorf line . Remarkably, this important junction was bombed for the first time by the Allies on April 17, 1945 during the attack on the district town of Schwandorf and the industrial center of Falkenau in Bohemia . Up until this point in time, the Wehrmacht was able to use this connection to process its supplies relatively unhindered.

Bike paths

Schwarzenfeld lies at the crossroads of several important long-distance cycle paths: this is where the Waldnaabtal / Naabtal cycle path ( Bärnau - Regensburg ), the Schwarzachtal cycle path (Schwarzenfeld - Waldmünchen ) and the Schweppermann cycle path ( Neumarkt - Schwarzenfeld) intersect .

Airport connection

• Nuremberg airport about 90 km
• Munich airport about 156 km

nature

• The nature reserve Charlottenhofer Weihergebiet

education

The following institutions exist (as of: 1999):

• Kindergartens: 225 kindergarten places with 204 children
• Elementary schools: one with 43 teachers and 600 students

Sports

Soccer

1. FC Schwarzenfeld, founded in 1920, made it to the regional soccer league middle (1st team) for the first time in 2012 , while the 2nd team was promoted to the regional league West.

Archery

The archers of the SG Schwarzenfeld have a good reputation among connoisseurs. The shooting society provided the world champion once in the 1970s.

basketball

In 2002 the basketball division of 1. FC Schwarzenfeld was founded. The division had around 100 members in September 2012 and currently has four teams in play. The venue is the Schwarzenfeld sports park hall.

Mountain bike

Since 2012, the mountain bike division has been a permanent member of 1. FC Schwarzenfeld with the trend sports freeride / downhill and slopestyle. The club's own route in Knölling has been maintained and driven since 2007. A club's own pump track has been built west of the sports park since 2015.

Personalities

Memorial stone for the concentration camp prisoners who died in Schwarzenfeld

• Father Viktor Koch C. P., German-American, co-founder of the Passionist Monastery on Miesberg in 1934. He, an American father, managed to found a monastery on Miesberg in Schwarzenfeld during the Nazi era . He was able to stay in Schwarzenfeld even during the chaos of war. In the period from 1941 to 1943 he was not allowed to use the monastery - children from the Kinderlandverschickung were housed in it. From 1943 a research institute of the Berlin University of Applied Sciences, which carried out ion research and supported Rosenberg, was quartered in the monastery. The director of the institute, Nikoradse, allowed Father Viktor Koch and his last remaining confrere, Johannes Irlbacher , to use a few rooms in the monastery. On April 18, 1945, a train from Weiden was full of prisoners from the Flossenbürg concentration camp in Schwarzenfeld. It did not go any further because the rail network was destroyed for the onward journey. The train in the station was accidentally shot at by American low-flying planes. Some prisoners tried to escape during this air raid, most of them were killed by SS guards or died in the air raid. The wounded prisoners or those who were too weak to march were shot by the SS after this attack. 133 dead remained at the train station in Schwarzenfeld. The survivors continue the death march to Neunburg vorm Wald. The US soldiers of the 26th US Infantry Division, who marched in on April 22nd, had learned of the SS massacre and wanted to hold the Schwarzenfelder responsible for the murders. Only the intervention of Father Viktor could avert the intended retaliation; For the “wonderful salvation of the market” and his services in the post-war period (establishment of a pharmacy, building materials, CARE packages ), the community awarded him an honorary citizen in 1947. Father Viktor Koch died in the monastery in Schwarzenfeld in 1955.

• Count Maximilian von Holnstein (1835–1895) was a landowner in Schwarzenfeld and owner of the castle. His mother Caroline von Holnstein was considered to be one of the most beautiful women of her time, whom King Ludwig I even had painted in 1834 for his " Beauty Gallery ". As Imperial Council and Oberststallmeister of King Ludwig II. Had Count Holnstein great influence on the then policy in the Kingdom of Bavaria and played an important role in the development of the " Emperor letter " of the Prussian King Wilhelm I , the imperial dignity of the newly founded German Empire antrug . In the mausoleum built at his behest in the local cemetery in 1882–1884 , Count Maximilian von Holnstein and his family found their final resting place. The Counts of Holnstein are descendants of the Elector Karl Albrecht of Bavaria .

• Hans Troidl (1938–2020), university professor and former director of the second surgical chair at the University of Cologne (Merheim Clinic) , internationally renowned professor of surgery , co-author of several textbooks (eg: Surgical Research. Basic Principles and Clinical Practice ; Effectiveness and economy of surgical practice ) and multiple winner of relevant respected medical awards. Pupil u. a. by Karl Popper .

• Joseph Kiener , born July 21, 1856 in Schwarzenfeld, † February 7, 1918 in Eichstätt , was an art teacher and illustrator for young people's books.

• Franz Hayler , born August 29, 1900 in Schwarzenfeld; † September 11, 1972 in Aschau im Chiemgau , SS group leader and state secretary as well as deputy minister of economics in the Reich Ministry of Economics

• Edmund Georg Stoiber, the father of the former Bavarian Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber , comes from Schwarzenfeld. The trained office clerk Stoiber senior sometimes worked as a fitter for the Bayer chemicals group in Dormagen . It was there that he met his future wife Elisabeth Zimmermann. Their parents had migrated from Nabburg - eight kilometers north of Schwarzenfeld - to the Rhineland .

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  The place on the cross - town center on the main street

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  The interior of the old parish church

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  The lock

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  Nepomuk statue on the Naab Bridge in front of the entrance to the palace gardens

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  Monastery complex on the Miesberg (2013)

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  The Naabwehr; in the background the "hammer" (former location of a water-powered iron hammer )

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  At the Naab

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  At the green lake

literature

• Xaver Luderböck, novel by Götz (illustrator): Miesberg Church and Passionist Monastery Schwarzenfeld. 2nd edition, Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2015. ISBN 3-7954-5260-0
• Josef Menath: St. Dionysius and Aegidius Schwarzenfeld. Old parish church. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1990. ISBN 3-7954-5554-5
• Oswald Wilhelm: Chronicle Schwarzenfeld 1015–1990. 1989
• Peter Bartmann: Heimat Schwarzenfeld - An illustrated book with old views. 1988

Web links

Commons : Schwarzenfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Aerial photos of the place
• Website for the millennium in 2015
• Entry on Schwarzenfeld's coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Schwarzenfeld: Official statistics of the LfStat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html ? Anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=[phone]/020027&attr=OBJ&val= 1063
3. ↑ Flossenbürg Concentration Camp , Peter Heigl, 1994, ISBN 3-921114-29-2 , pp. 27–41
4. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 529 f .
5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 639 .
6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 668 .
7. ↑ http://www.vg-schwarzenfeld.de/Schwarzenfeld/2020/bm/
8. ↑ Wolfgang Houschka: The folk music in the blood: "Geschwister Winterer" exist for 40 years (Oberpfalznetz.de, April 16, 2012)
9. ↑ Thomas Starringer: Altlandrat celebrated with the Winterer siblings (picture gallery), Wochenblatt.de, April 17, 2012
10. ↑ Harald G. Dill, Berthold Weber: The Upper Palatinate Flussspar Anthology - "Colorful stones" shape the region and its people around the Wölsenberg . Druckkultur Späthling, Weißenstadt, 2011, ISBN 978-3-942668-01-9 .
11. ↑ Gottfried Cremer: Buchtal AG, 1940, p. 7.
12. ↑ Winfried Nerdinger (Ed.): Building in National Socialism. Bavaria 1933–1945, Munich 1993, p. 536.
13. ^ Ludwig Ritter von Stockert : Railway accidents. A contribution to railway operations theory. , Vol. 1. Leipzig 1913, p. 185, No. 49.
14. ↑ 1. FC Schwarzenfeld , Fupa.net (current reports)
15. ↑ Archery with class in Schwarzenfeld (Mittelbayerische.de, November 5, 2011)
16. ↑ Thomas Dobler: The Descendants of Wilhelm Tell: Archery at the highest level is practiced almost unnoticed in Schwarzenfeld (Oberpfalznetz.de, March 14, 2006)
17. ↑ http://www.basketball-schwarzenfeld.de/verein/geschichte.html
18. ↑ German Vogelsang: THEY ARE COMING! The last days of the war in the Upper Palatinate 1945 , Amberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-95587-008-9 , p. 82.
19. ^ Image of the reburial of the killed concentration camp inmates buried in a mass grave from April 25, 1945 ( Memento of the original from May 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC) 
20. ↑ At the court of Ludwig II - Max Graf von Holnstein from Bavaria ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Report on a lecture by Holnstein expert Martin Irl)