Wölsendorf

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Wölsendorf
Coordinates: 49 ° 24 ′ 33 ″  N , 12 ° 10 ′ 9 ″  E
Height : 380 m
Postal code : 92548
Area code : 09435
Wölsendorf (Bavaria)
Wölsendorf

Location of Wölsendorf in Bavaria
Wölsendorf (2013)
Wölsendorf (2013)

Wölsendorf is a village in the Bavarian district of Schwandorf in the Upper Palatinate . It belongs to the community of Schwarzach near Nabburg .

geography

Geographical location

Wölsendorf is located in the Upper Palatinate North region on the Naab between Nabburg and Schwarzenfeld at the foot of the Wolfsberg (530 m). The heights of the Naab breakthrough, limited by the Mühlberg (428 m) near Stulln and Brensdorf and the Lehenbühl (457 m) near Wölsendorf, are about 200 meters apart. The A 93 runs on the western edge of the village.

Mining around Wölsendorf

Location of the mining fields

"Caused by the fault systems of the pile crossing in the southern Naab Mountains, a fluorspar area formed on both sides of the Naab, which in its approx. 15 km long longitudinal extension from southeast to northwest and its approx. 7 km wide transverse extension from southwest to northeast the towns of Lissenthan , Stulln, Wölsendorf, Schwarzach, Altfalter "and Weiding.

Aisle filling

Of the total of 50 courses around Wölsendorf, 15 were of economic interest. In addition to fluorspar and barite , calcite , dolomite , quartz , marcasite , pyrite , also known as pebbles, cat or fool's gold, uraninite , sphalerite , galenite and the wölsendorfite named after Wölsendorf were found . It is a rarely occurring mineral that is very toxic and highly radioactive due to the lead and uranium components. There are only a few localities in the world with this mineral.

Mining of silver and lead in the Middle Ages

Silver was mined around Wölsendorf as early as the 15th century. Galena , also known as galena , is the most important ore for the extraction of lead due to its lead content of up to 87% and also the most important silver ore due to its silver content of up to 1%. The importance of silver mining is shown in a document dated April 27, 1534, in which the Count Palatine Ludwig V and Frederick II drew up mining regulations. Towards the end of the 15th century, the mining of silver became increasingly uneconomical. The focus was on mining lead. In 1694, the General Building Directorate in Munich issued a mutation , i.e. a mining permit for the mining of lead.

Mining of fluorspar

From 1900 onwards, increased mining of fluorspar began in the region around Wölsendorf and Stulln , which was of global economic importance after the Second World War . Fluorspar is processed in the steel and glassworks industry. It can also be processed into hydrofluoric acid to be used as a preservative and solvent. The following figures illustrate the production volumes that have been reduced in the past century:

  • 1900–1910: 40,000 t
  • 1911–1920: 40,000 t
  • 1921–1930: 140,000 t
  • 1931-1940: 340,000 tons
  • 1941–1950: 350,000 t
  • 1951–1960: 1,000,000 t
  • 1961–1970: 460,000 t

End of mining around Wölsendorf

The mining around Wölsendorf was coming to an end due to the exploitation of the deposits and the associated increasing inefficiency. The development of fluorspar districts in other countries and the development of substitutes that made the use of fluorspar in industry accelerated the development. The pits around Wölsendorf are history today.

Kocher-Stollen visitor mine

On May 1, 1937, the quarrying of fluorspar began in the Heinrich Kocher tunnel just under two kilometers east of Wölsendorf. It was a smaller occurrence, with a thickness of 0.8 to 1.5 meters. Mining was carried out in the Johanness shaft until 1952 and in the Marienschacht until 1968. Parts of the Kocher tunnel were exposed by the Marienschacht-Wölsendorf miners ' association. In 1995 and 1999, permission was given to inspect the 500 m long visitor tunnel. In the period that followed, there were frequent break-ins on the surface, so that those responsible at Hydro Aluminum Deutschland GmbH decided to close the visitor tunnel in 2009 for safety reasons.

Picture gallery

  • Johannes-Schacht, Wölsendorf (September 1951)

  • Marienschacht der FRIED: KRUPP ROHSTOFFE (October 1967)

  • Marienschacht (1967)

  • Processing plant (1967)

  • Processing plant (October 1967)

  • St. Wolfgang (2013)

  • Kocher Stollen (2013)

  • Wölsenberg (2011)

Tax district

Tax district from 1811

In 1811 there were a total of 58 tax districts in the Nabburg Regional Court. Wölsendorf belonged to the Warnbach tax district, which is described as follows: "Ober- and Unterwarnbach, Wölsendorf and the royal woods Wolfsberg and Bokswiese. 30 houses, 217 souls."

Municipal directory from 1819

A directory of the communities in the district court of Nabburg describes the rural community of Schwarzach, to which Wölsendorf belonged, as follows: Schwarzach (22 families), Warnbach (10 families), Wölsendorf (19 families), Richt (7 families), Weiding (13 families), Dietstätt (9 families), Sindelsberg (3 families) and Sattelhof (1 family).

Population numbers

In 1828 20 families with a total of 142 inhabitants lived in Wölsendorf, in 1964 there were 50 families with 277 inhabitants.

traffic

The Wölsendorf station on the former Nabburg – Schönsee railway line has been closed.

Architectural monuments

see list of monuments in Schwarzach near Nabburg # Wölsendorf

  • The Catholic branch church of St. Wolfgang is essentially Gothic . It was changed in the 18th century.
  • The former operating building of the fluorspar plant at Kirchstrasse 30 dates from around 1900.

literature

  • Oskar Kuhn, Geology of Bavaria, Naabbecken, Bamberg 1949.
  • Karl Weiß, 25 years of the Stulln Miners Association / Cäcilia Miners Association, Schwarzenfeld / Marienschacht Miners Association, Wölsendorf, Stulln 1977.
  • Hugo Strunz, Ernest H. Nickel, Strunz Mineralogical Tables, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X .
  • Elisabeth Müller-Luckner, Nabburg, Historical Atlas of Bavaria, ISBN 3-7696-9915-7 .
  • Amberg State Archives, Nabburg Regional Court, No. 1179.
  • State Archives Amberg, hammer and mine files, No. 309.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Oskar Kuhn, Geologie von Bayern, Naabbecken, p. 65
  2. ^ Elisabeth Müller-Luckner, Nabburg, Historischer Atlas von Bayern, p. 3
  3. ^ Karl Hugo Strunz, Ernest H. Nickel, Strunz Mineralogical Tables, Stuttgart 2001, p. 252
  4. ^ Karl Weiß, 25 years of the Stulln Miners' Association / Cäcilia Miners' Association, Schwarzenfeld / Marienschacht Miners' Association, Wölsendorf, Stulln, 1977, p. 49
  5. ↑ State Archives Amberg, hammer and mining files, No. 309
  6. ^ Karl Weiß, 25 years of the Stulln miners' association / Cäcilia miners' association, Schwarzenfeld / Marienschacht miners' association, Wölsendorf, Stulln, 1977, p. 13
  7. ^ Bavarian Main State Archives, Munich, Ministry of Finance, No. 10165
  8. ^ Elisabeth Müller-Luckner, Nabburg, Historical Atlas of Bavaria, p. 403
  9. ↑ State Archives Amberg, District Court of the Older Order Nabburg, No. 1179
  10. ^ Elisabeth Müller-Luckner, Nabburg, Historischer Atlas von Bayern, p. 429

Web links

Commons : Wölsendorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files