Miners (mining)

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Mining monument on the Kristberg
The Bergknapp (1568)

As a squire , or miner , were referred to earlier in mining a mountain man , the underground work. Later, a miner who had successfully completed his apprenticeship was called a miner. The miner was an apprenticeship in mining and the apprenticeship lasted three years.

Word origin and application

The term Knappe is derived from Knabe ( boy ). The term miner is derived from miner. First, the name Knappe or miner was only for young miners who are not true pit boys were more, but also no Häuer were. Over the years the term was then generalized and the term miner applied to all miners. In the individual mining divisions, the miners were also given additions to the term miners corresponding to the mining division. A miner in ore mining was an ore miner, a miner in salt mining was called a salt miner. The entirety of all miners who worked in mines was called the miners' union. The association of all miners was called the Knappschaft . The Knappschaft was thus the cooperative of the miners. A support fund was integrated into it, the Büchsenkasse , the forerunner of the Knappschaftskasse, into which the miners paid contributions to support the sick miners or the miner's widows. The rifle fund was administered by the miners' record clerk. The term Knappschaft was later used to denote all miners and smelters in a mining area. Every eight to ten years the miners met for a solemn gathering, which they called the miners' union . A special decoration of the miners 'union was the miners' union flag , which was awarded to the miners for their loyal service by the sovereign. The miners' insignia are the crossed tools of mallets and irons . Due to the developing miners' union regulations, the application has been re-regulated. Since the second half of the 19th century, every miner and smelter has been sworn in and entered in the colliery register and in the miners' roll of the respective mining district. Only registered miners and smelters were considered miners.

Scarce as a training occupation

Until the mining law was changed in the second half of the 19th century, the squire was practically a state official. With the introduction of the inspection principle , the miners lost all previous privileges. In 1940 the “miner in coal mining” was recognized as an apprenticeship by the Reich Minister of Economics. In addition, the ministry determined the training content for this apprenticeship. In addition, the Reich Ministry of Economics issued the examination regulations for the apprenticeship of miners in coal mining. Two years later, a job description for the “miner in ore mining”, including examination regulations, was issued by the same ministry. The training lasted three years. Training took place both above and below ground. At the end of the training there is an examination before an examination board. After passing the exam, the miner receives the miner's license . He may now be employed in shift wages and, as soon as he has reached the age of 18, he may also be employed in thought . However, a miner is not yet allowed to carry out mining work independently, as a mining license is required for this . In order to receive this, the squire must acquire further practical experience and take part in a tusk course, at the end of which there is the tusk test, which he must pass successfully.

Trivia

The name of the Knappenrode open- cast mining settlement , the neighboring Knappensee open-cast mine and the street name Knappenweg, for example in the Saxon mining towns of Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorf, bear witness to this profession.

The players of the German soccer club FC Schalke 04 are also known as "Die Knappen".

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Carl Hartmann: Concise dictionary of mineralogy, mining, metallurgy and salt works. First section A to K, printed and published by Bernhard Friedrich Voigt, Ilmenau 1825.
  2. ↑ Carl von Scheuchenstuel: IDIOTICON the Austrian mining and metallurgy language. kk court bookseller Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1856.
  3. ^ A b c Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. 5th revised and redesigned edition, Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .
  4. ^ Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  5. ^ Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871, pp. 78, 291–293.
  6. ^ A b c Carl Friedrich Richter: Latest mountain and hut lexicon. First volume, Kleefeldsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1805.
  7. ↑ a b c Discovered secrets or explanation of all made-up words and idioms in mines and smelting works in alphabetical order in two parts. Bey Johann Heinrich Kühnlin, Helmstedt 1778.
  8. ↑ a b Carl Hartmann (Ed.): Concise dictionary of the mountain, hut and Saltwork science of mineralogy and geognosy. First volume, second completely revised edition, Bernhard Friedrich Voigt bookstore, Weimar 1859.
  9. ^ Moritz Ferdinand Gätzschmann: Collection of mining expressions. Second substantially increased edition, Verlag von Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1881.
  10. ↑ Explanatory dictionary of the technical terms and foreign words that occur in mining in metallurgy and in salt works and technical articulations that occur in salt works. Falkenberg'schen Buchhandlung publishing house, Burgsteinfurt 1869.
  11. ↑ Lorenz Pieper: The situation of the miners in the Ruhr area. JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung Nachhaben, Stuttgart and Berlin 1903, pp. 28–29, 37.
  12. ↑ a b Fritz Pamp: The Sterkrade colliery. The training center on the former coking plant site from 1938 to 1992. In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 20, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen September 2011, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6.
  13. ^ A b c d European Coal and Steel Community (ed.): The vocational training in hard coal mining in the countries of the Community. Luxemburg 1956, pp. 31, 47-50, 65-68, 72, 79, 80, 118-119.
  14. ↑ a b c European Community for Coal and Steel (ed.): The vocational training in iron ore mining of the countries of the community. Luxembourg 1959, pp. 39, 41, 47, 51, 52, 66, 71-75, 85.

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