License

Tax license from 1940

The Hauerschein , also known as Hauerbrief , is a certificate of competence that was introduced in the German mining industry in the 20th century and served as proof of successfully completed Hauer training . The holder of a hacking license was allowed to carry out chopping work independently in his field of activity.

History and general basics

Towards the end of the 19th century, due to the need for labor, more and more unskilled workers who had no mining knowledge were employed in the mining industry. This led to a drastic increase in the number of accidents with over 1,000 deaths per year. For this reason, in the middle of the first half of the 20th century, a certificate of proficiency for miners , called a Hauerschein, was introduced. From this point on, only those miners who had acquired a mining license were allowed to work in underground mining . The prerequisite for the acquisition of the Hauer license was the successful completion of a Hauer course.

The tusk course

Both miners and workers without training as a miner could complete the tusk course. The course lasted three months and comprised at least 24 double lessons, of which two lessons had to be completed per week. The contents of the course were knowledge of the mining police regulations, the recognition and prevention of accident hazards and the appropriate and economical performance of mining activities. In addition, knowledge of first aid, mine safety, mine rescue and fire fighting was imparted. Following the tusk course, the tusk test took place, in which the tusk candidate had to prove the theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired in the tusk course before the examination board. The prerequisite for admission to the tusk test was, in addition to completing the tusk course, a minimum age of 21 years and at least three years of underground work. If the examinee had passed the test, the mine owner had to issue him with a permit. If a candidate failed the Hauer test, he could repeat the test after six months at the earliest. During this time he had to carry out further practical training and take part in a new Hau course.

Structure and use of the license

The license had to be drawn up according to a sample given by the Mining Authority. In addition to the name and date of birth of the tusker, the training and examination location and the date of the examination were also listed on the tusker's letter. There was no grading, there was only the indication "passed". The mining license was signed by the responsible mine director, the head of the mining office and the works council. Miners who had purchased a ticket could Hauer, the hired house are busy and had to be paid with the full Gedingelohn. The owner of a mining license was also allowed to work as a tuscher in other mines or in other mountain areas of the same mining branch (coal, ore, salt, etc.). Tippers who came from a different mining branch first had to complete a six-month period as apprentices in the new mining branch. After a new tusk test, they could then be used as full-fledged tusks in the new mining branch.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ H. Schlattmann: The new mountain police regulation of the training of tusks in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund (Ed.), No. 9, 62nd year, February 27, 1926, pp. 261–270.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g European Coal and Steel Community (ed.): Vocational training in hard coal mining in the countries of the Community. Luxembourg 1956, pp. 47, 83-88.
^ Fritz Pamp: The Sterkrade colliery. The training center on the former coking plant site from 1938 to 1992. In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 20, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen September 2011, ISSN 1864-7294 , pp. 4-6.
↑ ^a ^b ^c European Community for Coal and Steel (ed.): The vocational training in iron ore mining of the countries of the community. Luxembourg 1959, pp. 39, 41, 55-56, 87, 88, 90, 97.
↑ ^a ^b Mountain Police Ordinance for the hard coal mines in the administrative districts of the Prussian Higher Mining Office in Breslau from May 1, 1934. Kattowitz Verlag, Print Gauverlag NS Schlesien, 1934, pp. 208, 210, 212.

Remarks

↑ The skilled worker training for these workers was replaced by an in-house practical training in which the apprentice was gradually introduced to his mining tasks. (Source: European Coal and Steel Community (ed.): Vocational training in hard coal mining in the countries of the Community. )
↑ Candidates for miners who had successfully completed a miner's apprenticeship (miner's apprenticeship) could already be admitted to the miner's examination at the age of 20. (Source: European Coal and Steel Community (Ed.): Vocational training in iron ore mining in the countries of the Community. )
↑ The license was only valid when the head of the mining authorities signed it. (Source: European Coal and Steel Community (Ed.): Vocational training in iron ore mining in the countries of the Community. )

[Quelle_1-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ H. Schlattmann: The new mountain police regulation of the training of tusks in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund (Ed.), No. 9, 62nd year, February 27, 1926, pp. 261–270.

[Quelle_2-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g European Coal and Steel Community (ed.): Vocational training in hard coal mining in the countries of the Community. Luxembourg 1956, pp. 47, 83-88.

[Quelle_3-3] Fritz Pamp: The Sterkrade colliery. The training center on the former coking plant site from 1938 to 1992. In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 20, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen September 2011, ISSN 1864-7294 , pp. 4-6.

[Quelle_4-5] European Community for Coal and Steel (ed.): The vocational training in iron ore mining of the countries of the community. Luxembourg 1959, pp. 39, 41, 55-56, 87, 88, 90, 97.

[Quelle_5-7] Mountain Police Ordinance for the hard coal mines in the administrative districts of the Prussian Higher Mining Office in Breslau from May 1, 1934. Kattowitz Verlag, Print Gauverlag NS Schlesien, 1934, pp. 208, 210, 212.

[Anm._EG_KS_2.-4] The skilled worker training for these workers was replaced by an in-house practical training in which the apprentice was gradually introduced to his mining tasks. (Source: European Coal and Steel Community (ed.): Vocational training in hard coal mining in the countries of the Community. )

[Anm._EG_KS.-6] Candidates for miners who had successfully completed a miner's apprenticeship (miner's apprenticeship) could already be admitted to the miner's examination at the age of 20. (Source: European Coal and Steel Community (Ed.): Vocational training in iron ore mining in the countries of the Community. )

[Anm._EG_KS_3.-8] The license was only valid when the head of the mining authorities signed it. (Source: European Coal and Steel Community (Ed.): Vocational training in iron ore mining in the countries of the Community. )