Spiegelau

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the community of Spiegelau
Spiegelau
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Spiegelau highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '  N , 13 ° 22'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Lower Bavaria
County : Freyung-Grafenau
Height : 759 m above sea level NHN
Area : 47.05 km 2
Residents: 3897 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 83 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 94518, 94481
Area code : 08553
License plate : FRG, GRA, WOS
Community key : 09 2 72 149
Community structure: 33 districts
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Konrad-Wilsdorf-Strasse 5
94518 Spiegelau
Website : www.gemeinde-spiegelau.de
Mayor : Karlheinz Roth ( CSU Bavaria )
Location of the Spiegelau community in the Freyung-Grafenau district
Landkreis Regen Landkreis Deggendorf Landkreis Passau Schöfweg Waldhäuserwald Schönbrunner Wald Schlichtenberger Wald Sankt Oswald Pleckensteiner Wald Philippsreuter Wald Mauther Forst Spiegelau Graineter Wald Annathaler Wald Zenting Waldkirchen Thurmansbang Spiegelau Schönberg (Niederbayern) Neuschönau Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte Saldenburg Röhrnbach Ringelai Philippsreut Perlesreut Neureichenau Mauth Jandelsbrunn Innernzell Hohenau (Niederbayern) Hinterschmiding Grainet Grafenau (Niederbayern) Fürsteneck Freyung Eppenschlag Schöfweg Leopoldsreuter Wald Frauenberger und Duschlberger Wald Haidmühle Österreich Tschechienmap
About this picture

Spiegelau is a municipality in the Lower Bavarian district of Freyung-Grafenau and a state-approved resort .

geography

Geographical location

The community is located in the Danube Forest region in the middle of the Bavarian Forest and right next to the Bavarian Forest National Park . After Grafenau is eight kilometers away, according Freyung km 26, after Zwiesel km 20 and from Passau km 48th You drive 35 km to the Czech border crossing at Bayerisch Eisenstein or to the border crossing at Philippsreut . The place has its own train station on the Zwiesel – Grafenau line of the Bavarian Forest Railway , which is served every two hours.

Neighboring communities

Community structure

There are 33 districts:

There are the districts of Klingenbrunn and Oberkreuzberg.

history

The Catholic Parish Church of St. John the Baptist
The Evangelical Martin Luther Church

Until the 19th century

The place, whose history is closely linked to the glass and wood industry, emerged from a glassworks . In 1521 the Spiegelau glassworks was mentioned for the first time and in 1568 it was marked as a mirror factory in Philipp Apian 's 'Map of Bavaria' . The glassworks yard, the property of the smelter with agriculture and all other farm buildings stood in Klingenbrunn and remained there until the dissolution in 1832. The locations of the actual glassworks , where the glass was melted and formed, alternated between Ochsenkopf, Althütte, Neuhütte and Spiegelau. After the Spiegelau glassworks were closed in the 17th century, the almost orphaned property continued to exist as the Spiegelau mill.

It was not until 1839 that Anton Hellmayer built a glassworks again in Spiegelau, which Anton Stangl from Zwiesel bought in 1842. Glass production began to flourish again. A chapel was consecrated in 1860 . Industrialists from Bavaria and Saxony later set up factories for wood processing and cardboard production in Spiegelau. The upswing continued after the turn of the century. A narrow-gauge railway, the Spiegelau Forest Railway , was built from 1900 to transport the abundant wood in the surrounding forests .

20th and 21st centuries

On October 31, 1901, the Protestant Martin Luther Church was inaugurated. Entrepreneurs and executives from Saxony and Upper Franconia, who had settled in Spiegelau, initiated their construction above the villa of the then factory owner Petzold. The first school in Spiegelau was built in 1902. In 1908 the hall of a restaurant was designated as an emergency church. On December 14, 1916, after two years of construction, the neo-baroque Catholic Church of St. John the Baptist was consecrated. The architect Hans Schurr built the building. From 1967 to 1970, after a redesign, the Catholic Church received predominantly modern furnishings.

In 1919 the Nuremberg company Bing acquired the glassworks, which had been closed since 1913. Fritz Pretzfelder (born January 5, 1878 in Nuremberg) became the managing director. He acquired the glassworks in 1926, converted it into a GmbH (Kristallglasfabrik Spiegelau GMBH) and modernized it. The glass factory became Spiegelau's largest employer. In 1939 the factory of the Pretzfelder family was pressed ( "Aryanized" ) in favor of Messrs. Paul Beate and Hans von Schöppenthau .

In 1949 the family got their property back and led it to a new bloom with its director Willy Danzmann. 1953 Commerzienrat Fritz Pretzfelder received the honorary citizenship of the community. On February 21, 1958, he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class for his services . After the deaths of Fritz Pretzfelder in 1961 and Willy Danzmann in 1962, the crystal glass factory was sold. It went up and down economically under different owners until production in Spiegelau was discontinued in 2008 by the current owner, the Austrian company Riedel Glas .

Spiegelau, which was first part of Oberkreuzberg and then of Klingenbrunn, gradually became larger than the older towns in the area. On August 14, 1959, the name of the community Klingenbrunn was changed to Spiegelau. This made Spiegelau the main town, and Klingenbrunn and Oberkreuzberg became parts of the new community.

Today the glassmaking tradition is continued with the establishment of a technology center for hot glass technology at the Deggendorf University of Applied Sciences (e.g. precision blank pressing process for optical lenses).

Incorporations

On January 1, 1978, the previously independent municipality of Oberkreuzberg was incorporated. On May 1, 1978, parts of the community of Sankt Oswald were added. On January 1, 2014, the municipality-free area of Klingenbrunner Wald in the west was incorporated with an area of ​​661.71 hectares .

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018, the population decreased from 4,024 to 3,887 by 137 inhabitants or 3.4%.

year Residents
1961 4314
1970 4379
1987 4064
1991 4224
1995 4329
2000 4212
2005 4119
2010 3947
2015 3864

politics

mayor

Mayor until the 2014 local elections was Josef Luksch (SPD). Karlheinz Roth (CSU) has held the mayor's office since 2014.

coat of arms

The description of the coat of arms reads: A blue bar in silver, covered as a whole with a red framed silver hand mirror with a red handle.

Culture and sights

Museums

Architectural monuments

Soil monuments

Economy and Infrastructure

Economy including agriculture and forestry

In 1997, Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl opened Glasstrasse in Spiegelau . This new German holiday route leads from Neustadt an der Waldnaab via Spiegelau to Passau and shows the past and present of glass along this route.

In 1998 there were no employees at the place of work in agriculture and forestry, 569 in manufacturing and no employees in trade and transport. In other economic sectors, 239 people were employed at the place of work subject to social security contributions. There were a total of 1,354 employees at the place of residence subject to social security contributions. There was one in manufacturing and five in construction. In addition, in 1999 there were 42 agricultural holdings with an agriculturally used area of ​​399 hectares. Of these, 8 hectares were arable land and 391 hectares were permanent green areas.

The wood industry almost disappeared, and the crystal glass factory stopped production in 2008. Only tourism and a few local businesses offer jobs.

education

There are the following institutions (status: 2004):

  • Kindergartens: 100 kindergarten places
  • Elementary schools: one with 240 students
  • Education center for the Federal Volunteer Service Spiegelau (formerly Spiegelau civil service school )
  • Technology application center for hot glass technology at Deggendorf University of Applied Sciences

Due to the falling number of pupils, the elementary school was closed from the 2006/07 school year and converted into a primary school. For the middle school there is a school association with the communities of Riedlhütte and Neuschönau (Paul-Friedl-Mittelschule, Riedlhütte).

traffic

Spiegelau station

Spiegelau is connected to Grafenau and Frauenau by State Road 2132 . In addition, the state road 2129 leads to the B 85 via Eppenschlag ; District roads lead to the neighboring communities of Kirchdorf im Wald , Schönberg (Lower Bavaria) , Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte and Neuschönau .

Spiegelau is integrated into the “ Igelbus ” system of the “Bavarian Forest” National Park and is an important hub. There is also the Spiegelau train station on the Zwiesel – Grafenau railway line , which is served every two hours .

The Bayerwald-Ticket is valid in the Spiegelau municipality . Since May 1, 2010, the municipality, along with other Bavarian forest communities, has been involved in the GUTi Guest Service Environment Ticket , which offers its guests free transport on all rail and bus connections in the Bayerwald Ticket tariff area.

Personalities

  • Alois Geiger (1890-1943). The head of the Spiegelau medical column was charged with denunciation of "undermining military strength", sentenced to death and executed in Brandenburg an der Havel . His body was transferred to Spiegelau and buried there in 1947. The municipal council of the district Pronfelden honored him with the street name "Doktor-Geiger-Straße".
  • Paul Friedl (1902–1989), called "Baumsteftenlenz", German writer and local researcher.

literature

Web links

Commons : Spiegelau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Community Spiegelau in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on January 5, 2018.
  3. ↑ Franziska Jungmann-Stadler: Grafenau: the dishes Bärnstein, Diessenstein and neck. Commission for Bavarian State History, 1992, p. 13 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR-xKAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dhauswald%2Bwaldkapelle%2Bspiegelau%26dq%3Dhauswald%2Bwaldkapelle%2Bspiegelau%26hl%3Bwaldkapelle%2Bspiegelau%26hl%3 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiAvNqt2pjRAhWMNlAKHc_EBp4Q6AEIKDAA ~ GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  4. ↑ Homepage of the technology application center Spiegelau of the FH Deggendorf
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 627 and 628 .
  6. ^ Federal Agency for Civic Education: Memorials for the Victims of National Socialism. A Documentation , Volume 1; Bonn: Federal Agency for Civic Education, 1995; ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 193