Bavarian Eisenstein

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 7 '  N , 13 ° 12'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Lower Bavaria
County :	rain
Height :	724 m above sea level NHN
Area :	47.33 km 2
Residents:	1006 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	21 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	94252
Area code :	09925
License plate :	REG, VIT
Community key :	09 2 76 115
Community structure:	16 districts
Address of the municipal administration:	Anton-Pech-Weg 2 94252 Bayer. Eisenstein
Website :	www.bayerisch-eisenstein.de
First Mayor :	Michael Herzog (CSU)
Location of the municipality of Bayerisch Eisenstein in the Regen district

Bayerisch Eisenstein (until 1951 Eisenstein ) is a municipality in the Lower Bavarian district of Regen and a state-approved climatic health resort right on the border with the Czech Republic .

geography

Geographical location

The municipality in the Bavarian Forest is located in the densely forested valley of the Great Regens , the "Eisensteiner Tal" between the mountains Zwercheck , Spitzberg ( Špičák ) and Panzer ( Pancíř ) in the north and the Großer Arber in the west and the Falkenstein in the south, Künisches Gebirge called. On the Czech side, the town of Železná Ruda (Eisenstein Market) is only three kilometers away . In addition to Bayerisch Eisenstein, the valley includes the area of ​​the former communities of Markt Eisenstein and Špičák (village of Eisenstein). Today Bayerisch Eisenstein is one of the municipalities in the national park and forms the northernmost municipality of the Regen district and thus all of Lower Bavaria , the village is located about 15 km north of Zwiesel and 26 km from the district town of Regen . The valley is divided by the border with the Czech Republic ; Until the fall of the “ Iron Curtain ”, crossing was only possible with a visa.

Community structure

There are 15 districts:

Arberhütte Workers' shelter Arberseehaus Bavarian Eisenstein Brennes Eisensteiner Mill Grafhütte

Neuhütte Neuwaldhaus Rain hut Schachtenbach Schwellhäusl Seebachhütte Seebach loop Stone hut

history

Until the 19th century

The verifiable history of the Eisenstein Valley begins in 1569, when an ore mine with iron hammer was built on the property of the Bohemian Count Georg von Guttenstein by Bavarian miners and hammer people, but it was only operated until 1577. The whole area owes its name to the mining of iron ores. In the middle of the 17th century, the first farmers from the open courts of the Bohemian Forest and the Bavarian Forest were settled (see Künisches Gebirge ). In 1576 the mine appears in the springs as a fiefdom of Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria. The Eisenstein Valley was thus considered part of Bavaria. By inheritance, the Counts of Nothaft owned the property from 1627. In 1688, they were granted court rights over the valley. In 1691 the first glassworks was founded on what would later become the village of Markt Eisenstein, and soon afterwards other craftsmen also settled down.

In the course of the Spanish War of Succession, Austrian troops occupied the region. The Hofmark Eisenstein was annexed to Bohemia in 1708. Until 1764, when the border between the Electorate of Bavaria and Bohemia was redefined by a Bavarian-Austrian treaty , the entire area remained a political unit. After that, about half of the Hofmarks area fell back to Bavaria; the state border now ran right through the Hofmark Eisenstein, which had belonged to the Counts of Klenau since 1758.

The area on both sides of the border experienced an economic boom in the 18th century, when the glass industry reached its highest level under the Hofmarksherren von Hafenbrädl, who had been owners since 1771. Twenty glassworks have been identified in the Eisenstein Valley.

Bayerisch Eisenstein station in June 2012

Mill on the Regen near Bayerisch Eisenstein (1880)

In 1835 the Hofmark in the Bavarian part of the valley was abolished and under the name Eisenstein a royal Bavarian rural community. (Abolition of the Hofmark in the Bohemian part in 1848). With the construction of the railway and the opening of the railway line from Plattling to Pilsen in 1877, the actual development of the place between the older Neu-Waldhaus and the border station began . Half of the spaciously designed station building is on German and the other half on Czech territory. The border runs right through the building. After the decline of the glassworks, tourism and the wood industry brought a new boom.

20th century

On February 21, 1951, the municipality name was officially changed from Eisenstein to Bayerisch Eisenstein.

The community has developed into a popular holiday destination because of its remoteness, proximity to the Großer Arber and the abundance of snow. Federal President Theodor Heuss spent his vacation there in 1954.

Incorporations

On January 1, 1978, part of the dissolved community Rabenstein (district Regenhütte ) was incorporated.

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018, the population fell from 1,363 to 1,045 by 318 inhabitants or 23.3% - the clearest percentage decrease in the number of inhabitants in the district in the period mentioned.

politics

Municipal council

The local election on March 15, 2020 resulted in the following results for the Bayerisch Eisenstein municipal council:

• CSU : 5 seats (42.78%)
• Free voters : 4 seats (29.93%)
• Citizen list Eisenstein : 3 seats (27.29%)

mayor

The first mayor is Michael Herzog (CSU).

coat of arms

Description : "In black a lowered, curled silver tip, inside a green fir tree growing from the edge of the shield, above it on the right a vertical golden stag stick, on the left a golden goblet."

Culture and sights

Museums

The local railway museum

The Localbahnmuseum has existed on the grounds of the border station since 1994 and documents the development of the history of the railways in Bavaria and the neighboring areas of the Czech Republic and Austria from 1870 to 1950. More than 20 historical vehicles from all epochs of the Bavarian local railways are on display. At the beginning of August there are annual steam train journeys between Zwiesel and Bayerisch Eisenstein.

Buildings

The parish church of St. Johannes Nepomuk from 1908 is worth seeing .

See also : List of architectural monuments in Bayerisch Eisenstein

Green spaces and recreation

• Bavarian Forest National Park
• Large forest fir tree ⊙ between the Zwieslerwaldhaus and the Schwellhäusl in the “Hans-Watzlik-Hain” primeval forest protection area. Thickest fir in Germany.

Economy and Infrastructure

Street

After the Second World War , all traffic connections to the Czech neighbors in the Eisenstein Valley were interrupted by the erection of the Iron Curtain . Only in 1969 was the road border crossing Eisenstein Highway reopened and there was a modest border traffic but reached considerable proportions in 1989 after the fall of the "Iron Curtain". Today the federal road 11 leads from Deggendorf to the border, where it continues as the national road 27 to Pilsen; together they form the Europastraße 53 .

train

In 1991 the rail connection to the Czech Republic was resumed and the Bayerisch Eisenstein border station was able to fulfill its original function again. There is thus a (non-continuous) rail connection from Munich via Bayerisch Eisenstein to Pilsen and Prague: since the 2006 summer timetable came into force, trains of the Waldbahn have been running here for the first time since the war from Plattling to the Czech station Špičák (Spitzberg) and back. The Waldbahn runs every hour via Zwiesel and the district town of Regen to Plattling ; From the border station there are trains of the Czech Railways in the direction of Klatovy and Plzeň .

Others

The Schwellhäusl with the Schmalzbach dammed up here to form a Holztrift pond

Several bus routes connect Bayerisch Eisenstein with the surrounding area, including an express bus route from Železná Ruda to Passau.

The municipality is part of the Bavarian Forest national park traffic concept and can be reached with the GUTi-Ticket .

The Schwellhäusl, a former Trifterklause in the forest near Zwieslerwaldhaus, is now an excursion restaurant open all year round (November rest month).

The 150 km Bayerwaldloipe begins northeast of Bayerisch Eisenstein at the cross-country center Lohberg / slices.

Sports

The SV Bayerisch Eisenstein is one of the largest and most important German clubs in the sport of biathlon . The German summer biathlon championships were held in the associated Hohenzollern ski stadium in 2004 , 2008 and 2011 , and in 2011 with 1,300 participants. In 1990 , 1993 and 1997 the place was the venue for the German winter championships in biathlon.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Friedrich Wilhelm von Hohenzollern (1924–2010), industrialist

Sons and daughters of the church

• Hans Ritter von Adam (1886–1917), fighter pilot in the First World War

People connected to the place

• Bernhard Schmidt (1890–1960), camp commandant of the Lichtenburg and Sachsenburg concentration camps, died here

literature

• The Eisenstein Valley. In: Folklore working group for the central Bohemian Forest (Hrsg.): In the land of the Künischen free farmers - home book for the central Bohemian Forest (district Bergreichenstein and adjacent areas). Morsak Verlag, Grafenau 1979; ISBN 9783875531015 ; Pp. 806-825.
• Franz Wudy: village and market Eisenstein and Bayerisch Eisenstein. Eisenstein Book. Self-published, Lindberg 2005.

Web links

Commons : Bayerisch Eisenstein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Homepage of the municipality of Bayerisch Eisenstein
• Entry on the coat of arms of Bayerisch Eisenstein  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Bayerisch Eisenstein: Official statistics of the LfStat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ Mayor. Bayerisch Eisenstein municipality, accessed on May 28, 2020 . 
3. ↑ Bavarian State Library Online
4. ↑ History of the place. Bayerisch Eisenstein municipality, accessed on May 28, 2020 . 
5. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 553 .
6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 622 .
7. ↑ Announcement of the final result of the election of the municipal council on March 15, 2020. Bayerisch Eisenstein municipality, accessed on August 4, 2020 . 
8. ↑ Mayor. Bayerisch Eisenstein municipality, accessed on May 28, 2020 . 
9. ^ Municipal coat of arms . Bayerisch Eisenstein municipality, accessed on May 28, 2020 . 
10. ↑ Bayerischer Localbahn Verein e. V.
11. ^ "Hans-Watzlik-Hain" in RegioWiki Niederbayern, at regiowiki.pnp.de