Big Arber
| Big Arber | ||
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 View from the north to the Großer Arber with ski facilities |
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| height | 1455.5 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Bayerisch Eisenstein ; Districts District Regen and Cham ; Bavaria ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Bavarian forest | |
| Dominance | 146 km → Hochleckenkogel | |
| Notch height | 1,027.3 m ↓ saddle 7.5 km NW Lanškroun (Landskron) | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 6 '45 " N , 13 ° 8' 9" E | |
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| rock | Gneiss | |
| particularities | - highest mountain in the Bohemian Forest or Bavarian Forest - two buildings with radomes |
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 Main peak with a radome |
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 Big Arber from a bird's eye view |
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The Great Arber ( Velký Javor in Czech ) is 1455.5 m above sea level. NHN the highest mountain in the Bohemian Forest / Bavarian Forest and Lower Bavaria . In addition, a rock bar west of the summit cross with 1439.6 m height represents the highest point in the Upper Palatinate . This is why the mountain in the Lower Bavarian district of Regen and the Upper Palatinate district of Cham is called the "King of the Bavarian Forest" . Its summit region consists of paragneiss .
Surname
The name is probably derived from the Celtic "Arduikos", in German "the high mountain". In a document from 1279 it bears the name Adwich , Johannes Aventinus calls it Hädweg in 1500 and Ätwa in 1540 . At Philipp Apian he is called Aetwha m. , also Aetwha mons (mons, montis: Latin mountain), in 1720 he is referred to as Aid Weich on a map . In 1740 the name Arber was first found in a document .
geography
location
The Great Arber rises in the rear Bavarian Forest on the border of the nature parks Upper Bavarian Forest in the north and Bavarian Forest in the south, which runs near the summit . Its summit is in the municipality of Bayerisch Eisenstein and the southwest flank in that of Bodenmais - both in the Regen district. Its western flank belongs to the municipality of Lohberg in the district of Cham.
The Großer Arber has four peaks: the main summit with the summit cross erected in 1913 , the Bodenmaiser bar with the characteristic Richard Wagner head that is often depicted , and the Kleiner and Großer Seeriegel. The Kleine Arber with an altitude of 1384 m belongs to its mountain group .
Natural allocation
The Great Arber heard in the physiographic feature unit group Oberpfalzer and Bavarian Forest (no. 40) in the main unit Rear Bavarian Forest (403) and in the subunit Arber Kaitersbergzug (403.5) for the natural area Arber solid (403.51).
Waters
On the southeast flank of the Großer Arber lies the Große Arbersee and to the northwest of it or north-northeast of the Kleiner Arber lies the Kleine Arbersee , both of which are located in a nature reserve . The rivers that arise on the mountain include: two Arberbach (one each in the east and one in the south), Geigenbach , Hirschaubach , Schwellbach , Seebach , Steinbach , Teufelsbach and Weidenbach . The Great Rain flows past northeast , which is fed by the Arbersee and Teufelsbach near the mountains, and the White Rain flows from the Kleiner Arbersee on the northwest flank, into which the Weidenbach flows on the mountain.
Nature parks
A full-time nature conservation watch has been active in the Bavarian Forest Nature Park in the Großer Arber area since summer 1995 . The area support is primarily available for the summit region of the mountain, but also for the protected areas of the mountain as a contact for nature conservation issues and for guided tours; Their tasks include not only visitor information and public relations work, but also the monitoring of the protected area regulations. For the neighboring Upper Bavarian Forest Nature Park , there has been an additional area support service for the Großer Arber (focus: summit plateau and NSG “Kleiner Arbersee”) since 1999.
Protected areas
From the summit region of the Großer Arber towards the southeast the nature reserve (NSG) Großer Arbersee and Arberseewand ( CDDA -Nr. 163348; designated 1939; 1.4857 km² ) extends and from the summit region to the northwest the NSG Kleiner Arbersee (CDDA-Nr . 164117; 1998; 4.1059 km²); the NSG Riesloch (CDDA No. 318989; 1939; 33.4 ha ) is located near the mountain at the Riesloch Falls . Parts of the protected landscape areas of the Bavarian Forest (CDDA no. 396098; 1983; 2310.1276 km²) and Upper Bavarian Forest (CDDA no. 396128 1308.5616 km²), the fauna-flora-habitat area of Großer and extend on the mountain Kleiner Arber with Arberseen (FFH-Nr. 6844-373; 22.952 km²) and the bird sanctuary Großer and Kleiner Arber with Schwarzeck (VSG-Nr. 6844-471; 35.4624 km²).
fauna and Flora
The summit region of the Großer Arber does not tower above the natural tree line. Nevertheless, it is free of trees and characterized by subalpine grasslands , rock corridors and pine bushes that do not appear anywhere else in this extent in the Bavarian Forest. The characteristic bird species of this region include the meadow pipit , the Alpine pipit , the mountain pipit , the ring owl and the wheatear . In the north towards Lam there is a farmed plenter forest , in the south towards Bodenmais state forest.
climate
overview
The summit region of the Großer Arber has an average of 160 frost days and a snow cover duration of 150 days. Because of the late and early frosts, the growing season lasts a little more than 100 days. The July temperature in the ridge areas is 11 degrees. Of the approximately 1950 mm annual precipitation, 40% fall as snow.
Arbermandl
In winter, the east wind together with ice snow forms the so-called Arbermandl . The mountain pines and mountain spruces of the Großer Arber solidify into bizarre and often bizarre-looking figures. The cameraman Martin Lippl made a film about it in 1985. The recordings were made rather coincidentally during a short break with sunshine during a snow storm . Elfie Pertramer later highlighted these recordings with a mystical poem. Under the title Voices from the Magic Forest , the film is broadcast at the beginning of each year on Bavarian television in the program Between Spessart and Karwendel .
history
Most of the Großer Arber and the surrounding forest areas are owned by the Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . In 1852 they acquired the property of the glassworks master Hafenbrädl in Böhmisch Eisenstein, later Markt Eisenstein, today Železná Ruda , and in 1872 those in Bayerisch Eisenstein . The year 1884 saw the construction of a wooden shelter by the Bavarian Forest Association . In 1903 the first refuge was built on the summit. The current workers' shelter with clapboards was built in 1936 and expanded in 1985.
Arber chapel and Arber church fair
A little to the northwest and a few meters below the summit of the Großer Arber is the small Arber chapel, which was consecrated to St. Bartholomew . The first chapel there was built in 1806 by the lord of the glassworks, Baron von Hafenbrädl. Since then the building has been renewed four times; the current one was created in 2015.
On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of the chapel, Abbot Willibald Adam of Metten Monastery celebrated a mountain mass there for the first time on Bartholomew's Day in 1906 in the presence of 2000 participants. On August 29, 1965, the Arber pastor Josef Kufner again celebrated a mass here, which established the first real Arber church fair. Since then, it has been celebrated every year on the penultimate Sunday in August. After the masses, people meet for lunch in the Arberschutzhaus; folk singers and musicians then show their performances.
Radar system
There are two air force buildings with radomes on the summit region . The facility was built so close to the Czechoslovakian border during the Cold War against considerable protests by nature conservationists to be able to monitor air traffic in the Eastern Bloc . The facility entered service in 1983, originally with two radar antennas. In 1996 it was converted and equipped with a large-capacity radar device RRP 117 . Since then, the second tower contains the transmitting and receiving antennas for radio communications. The Großer Arber air defense system is operated as part of the NATO Integrated Air Defense System.
freetime and sports
Hiking trails
A hiking trail leads from Bodenmais to the mountain peak. It begins at the Rissloch hikers' car park and then goes up past the Riesloch Falls . The descent can lead past the summit of the small Arber, then goes past the waterfalls and ends at the starting point. The “8-1000 Tour” and the “12-1000 Tour” also run there . These are tours that take you to the summit via the European long-distance hiking trail E6 and hike over eight or twelve mountains that are more than 1000 m high.
Arberland mountain run
On June 10, 2017, the Arberland Mountain Run took place once , which also included the 2017 German Mountain Running Championships. 346 runners reached the finish line of the 13.8-kilometer route with an altitude difference of 887 meters.
Arber mountain railway and winter sports
The lifts on the Großer Arber are known as the Arber mountain railway . Several ski slopes make the mountain accessible as a winter sports area . On September 17, 1949, the first chairlift on the mountain was opened. Thanks to a consistent renewal of the lifts in recent years, with the construction of a 6-seater gondola lift and the construction of two six - person chairlifts , the mountain's ski area has become the most modern in the Bavarian Forest. In summer, the gondola lift transports hikers and excursion guests to the summit region.
Slalom and giant slalom competitions for the European Cup and since 1976 for the Ski World Cup have been held on the mountain . The races were awarded by the German Ski Association alternating between Ofterschwang , Zwiesel and Berchtesgaden . No further ski world cups have taken place there since 2011 and, according to the responsible organizing committee, no further races are planned for the foreseeable future.
| date | Giant slalom winner | Slalom winner | comment |
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| 4th / 5th February 2011 |
 Viktoria Rebensburg
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 Marlies shield
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| 2nd / 3rd March 2008 | - | - | |
| 10/11 March 2007 |
 Tanja Poutiainen
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Marlies shield
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| 7th / 8th February 2004 |
 Anja Pärson
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Anja Pärson
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| 17th-19th January 1997 |
 Deborah Compagnoni Deborah Compagnoni
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Pernilla Wiberg
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Two giant slalom world cup races |
| February 9, 1991 |
Anita Wachter
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| 27./28. February 1987 |
 Maria Walliser
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Corinne Schmidhauser
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| 20./23. March 1984 |
 Tamara McKinney
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 Hanni Wenzel
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| 3rd / 4th February 1981 |
Maria Epple
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Erika Hess
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Combination: Hanni Wenzel downhill skiing in Pfronten
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| date | Giant slalom winner | Winner slalom | comment |
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| 8/9 January 1978 |
Ingemar Stenmark
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Ingemar Stenmark
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Second and last men's race |
| January 27, 1976 |
Ingemar Stenmark
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First World Cup race on the Arber |
In addition, biathlon and cross-country European cup races take place at the foot of the Großer Arber .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Geoprohlížeč ČÚZK (topographic map 1: 10,000)
- ↑ Names of our mountains and rivers. In: Pro National Park. Pro National Park Freyung-Grafenau eV, accessed on February 15, 2020 .
- ↑ Klaus Müller-Hohenstein: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 165/166 Cham. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1973. → Online map (PDF; 4.4 MB)
- ↑ A bell for the Arber Chapel , from July 23, 2015, accessed on January 5, 2016, on pnp.de.
- ↑ Arberkirchweih ( Memento of the original from January 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on January 5, 2016, from bayerisch-eisenstein.de
- ↑ Luftwaffe "Großer Arber" (radar station), on grosser-arber.org
- ↑ Circular hike Rissloch waterfalls - Großer Arber , on wandertipp.de
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↑ Arberland Mountain Run, accessed on June 11, 2017:
- Arberland Mountain Run with German and Bavarian Mountain Running Championships 2017 on June 10, 2017 in Bayerisch Eisenstein ( Memento of the original from June 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on ok-bayerischer-wald.de - Berglauf-DM: Sarah Kistner dominates, Maximilian Zeus counters , from June 10, 2017, on Leichtathletik.de
- ↑ The World Cup is on hold , in: Der Bayerwald-Bote , from January 24, 2017, accessed on January 25, 2017, on pnp.de.
Web links
- Arber - Bavarian Forest (ski area with information including hotels, inns, shelters), on arber.de
- Luftwaffe "Großer Arber" (radar station), on grosser-arber.org
- Arber, Großer and Kleiner Arbersee (single photos or slide show), on waldberge.de
- Great Arber round tour (hiking trail), on blogspot.com