Alpine brown
| Alpine brown | ||||||||||||
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Alpenbraunelle ( Prunella collaris ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Prunella collaris | ||||||||||||
| ( Scopoli , 1769) |
The Alpine Accentor ( Prunella collaris ) is a occurring in the high mountains bird art from the family of Brown Ellen (Prunellidae). The scientific species name collaris indicates the strong black spotted throat.
description
The alpine brown cell weighs an average of about 40 grams and is about 18 centimeters long. It is about the size of a sparrow and larger than the closely related dunnock . It also has a stronger and more contrasting plumage than the dunnock. There is no gender dimorphism .
The distinctive features of this species of Braunelle include the clearly black-spotted throat and the red-brown markings on the flanks. The front of the body is lead gray. The wing shows two white bands, the tail end is lightened whitish. In juvenile birds, the throat is a solid gray and the underside is spotted brown.
The Alpine Brownelle can live up to eight years in freedom.
distribution and habitat
The Alpine Brownelle is a bird of the high mountains in southern Central and Southern Europe and Anatolia. In an easterly direction it occurs as far as Japan. In Central Europe they are found in the Alps , the Carpathians and the Sudetes . Their habitat in the high mountains are sunny rocky slopes above the tree line. They can also be observed on rocky alpine meadows. The altitude distribution in their area of distribution is between 1500 and 3,000 meters above sea level.
The alpine brown-eyed bird is a typical high mountain bird that stays above the tree line to the snow line during the breeding season, but also descends lower on bare slopes. In winter it can also be seen in ski huts and in mountain villages. She loves rocky terrain and is mostly on the ground. In the event of danger, it hides in crevices, under overhanging stones or in the thicket of mountain pines.
Outside of the breeding season, the Alpine Brownelle roams around on a modest scale; the move is limited to evading into lower areas.
nutrition
Alpine browns feed on insects, worms, spiders, snails and all kinds of plant seeds and sometimes process horse droppings . In winter they look for feeding places and waste places at huts and mountain hotels.
voice
The song consists of chirping and trilling sound elements and is reminiscent of that of the skylark, although the consequences are not nearly as persistent. Singing alpine brownelles sit on the ground or soar into the air for a short courtship flight. The calls are usually a rolling “trrli” and “trrüi”.
Nest and brood care
The Alpine Brownelle breeds on rocky, thinly overgrown slopes in the high mountains above the tree line. The nest, a dainty, not very firmly joined bowl made of stems and roots, is lined with moss, lichen and sometimes with feathers and hair. The nest hollow is also often lined with the red spore carriers of the mosses. It is located in a depression in the ground or in a crevice in the rock and can be protected by a bush or tree. The breeding period begins at the end of May, with two annual broods, each lasting 13–15 days, possible. Both males and females participate in the brood.
The clutch consists of 4–6 spindle-shaped, single-colored, light blue, smooth-glossy eggs with an average size of 23.2 × 16.6 mm. The nestlings are sparsely feathered with dark gray, long down , which is only on the head, back and thighs. In the open throat, two oval, black dots can be seen on the base of the tongue. The marginal ridges are white. The young birds are looked after by both parent birds and leave the nest after about 16 days, before they fled.
Subspecies
So far, nine subspecies are known:
- Prunella collaris collaris ( Scopoli , 1769) occurs in southwestern Europe from Slovenia across the Carpathian Mountains to northwestern Africa .
- Prunella collaris subalpina ( Brehm, CL , 1831) is distributed from Croatia to Bulgaria and Greece , Crete and the south-west of Turkey .
- Prunella collaris montana ( Hablizl , 1783) is distributed in the northern and eastern parts of Turkey to the Caucasus and Iran .
- Prunella collaris rufilata ( Severtsov , 1879) is in the northeast of Afghanistan and northern Pakistan over the mountains central asia and western china ago
- Prunella collaris whymperi ( Baker, ECS , 1915) is common in the western Himalayas .
- Prunella collaris nipalensis ( Blyth , 1843) occurs in the central and eastern Himalayas across south-central China and northern Myanmar .
- Prunella collaris tibetana ( Bianchi , 1905) is common in eastern Tibet .
- Prunella collaris erythropygia ( Swinhoe , 1870) occurs in eastern Kazakhstan and southern central Siberia to northeastern Siberia, Japan , Korea and northeastern China.
- Prunella collaris fennelli Deignan , 1964 is common in Taiwan .
Web links
- Prunella collaris in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2008. Accessed on December 18 of 2008.
- Videos, photos and recordings of Prunella collaris in the Internet Bird Collection
- Entry at the Swiss Ornithological Institute
Individual evidence
- ↑ Viktor Wember: The names of the birds in Europe - meaning of the German and scientific names , Aula-Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-89104-709-5 , p. 160
- ↑ Hans-Heiner Bergmann; Hans-Wolfgang Helb; Sabine Baumann; The voices of the birds of Europe - 474 bird portraits with 914 calls and chants on 2,200 sonograms , Aula-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-89104-710-1 ; Pp. 83 and 84.
- ↑ Collin Harrison and Peter Castell: Field Guide Bird Nests, Eggs and Nestlings , HarperCollins Publisher, revised edition from 2002, ISBN 0007130392 , p. 230.
- ↑ IOC World Bird List Waxbills, parrot finches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits