Künisches Mountains

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Künisches Mountains in
Czech Královský Hvozd
Location of the Künischen Mountains in the German-Czech border area

Location of the Künischen Mountains in the German-Czech border area

The mountain range of the Künischen Mountains between the Great Arber and the Great Arbersee

The mountain range of the Künischen Mountains between the Great Arber and the Great Arbersee

Highest peak Jezerní hora ( 1343  m nm )
location Germany , Czech Republic
Coordinates 49 ° 10 ′  N , 13 ° 11 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 10 ′  N , 13 ° 11 ′  E
Type Rump Mountains
rock Gneiss , mica slate , granodiorite
p5

The Künische Gebirge (Czech: Královský Hvozd , translated "Royal Forest") comprises parts of the Bavarian Forest and the Central Bohemian Forest with the ridge between Osser and Zwercheck in the vicinity of the Upper Palatinate . From a geological point of view, the Künisches Gebirge has a special position, as it consists of mica schist instead of the gneiss and granite otherwise common in the Bavarian Forest . It has good arable soil, abundant rainfall, often as snow and ice in winter.

history

According to legendary tradition from the 11th century, the new settlers of the jungle-like, wooded Künischen Mountains, roamed by hunters and gold panners on the rivers , were brought to Christianity by the hermit Gunther when he lived in the “Stoariegl” hermitage near Gutwasser . The beginning of the clearing work in the central Bohemian Forest and the instruction and religious care of the new settlers is attributed to him. Chapels with his name, historical festivals about his life and the name of a hiking trail over the mountain ridge remind of him to this day. Since 1126, the Windberg Monastery in Lower Bavaria , founded by the Counts von Bogen, continued its missionary work with the building of churches and parishes in Waldhwozd, as the area was now called.

This forest Hwozd came to Albrecht III in 1184 as the marriage property of the fourteen-year-old Ludmilla of Bohemia (around 1170) . von Bogen and thus to the county of Bogen with the manor house of Bogen in eastern Bavaria. After the death of Albrecht III. Graf von Bogen returned this area in the Künischen Gebirge to the suzerainty of the Bohemian king in 1197, was badly affected by attacks by the army groups of the Bohemian reform movement of the Hussites and was evangelical-Lutheran after 1555 due to the Augsburg Imperial and Religious Peace . Until the Battle of the White Mountain near Prague on November 8, 1620, it was subject to King Friedrich V of the Palatinate , as the Winter King, the last Evangelical Lutheran King of Bohemia .

In the course of the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) onset of recatholicization in Bohemia, Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg (1579–1637) gave the dominion in the Künischen Mountains to his victorious field marshal Baltasar of Marradas , who in 1628 gave it to Don Martin de Hoeff-Huerta , sold an imperial Austrian colonel and pledge holder of the Künischen free peasant court. Hoeff-Huerta became resident at Velhartice Castle with the noble title Freiherr von Welhartitz and generously expanded it with the income from the Dominium Waldhwozd.

The central Bohemian Forest has been settled by Künische free farmers since the 14th century, possibly as early as the 11th century - as the legends about the hermit Gunther suggest - by large farming families who, according to tradition, reside in seven Künish villages as border guards who control the forest areas cleared and tidied up. After all sorts of confusions, they were given the general exemption of the peasants from inheritance and labor with special, inheritable rights until 1848 and were only subject to the king and emperor as künisch (= royal) and carried their own seals.

The previously discriminated minorities of the Evangelical Lutheran churches and the Jewish religious communities were also recognized in the largely Roman Catholic South Bohemia through the tolerance patents of the years 1782 to 1785 of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II of Habsburg-Lothringen . The Old Catholic Church was tolerated. Until the fall of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in October 1918 after the end of the First World War (1914–1918), this brought about the expansion of new branches of industry in addition to the products of the glassworks and wood extraction. E.g. the production of matches in Dlouhá Ves u Sušice and Sušice with the promotion of trade relations with profitable markets.

After the Munich Agreement of September 1938, the area was added to the German Reich and came as part of the district of Markt Eisenstein to the administrative district of Lower Bavaria-Upper Palatinate . After the end of the Second World War, it came back to Czechoslovakia. The expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia began after the withdrawal of the American troops in October 1945. During the Soviet occupation, the descendants of the German-born Künischen free farmers were expropriated as Sudeten Germans on the basis of the Beneš decrees of October 25, 1945 and mostly via a collection camp in Dlouhá Ves u Sušice in the Bohemian Forest deported in rail transport mostly to Bavaria and Austria. In the border town of Furth im Wald near Cham was one of the large reception camps in Bavaria. Their expropriated house, land and company property was taken over with varying success by Czech neighbors and new settlers from Inner Bohemia. In the period from 1948 to the end of 1989, the Küni Mountains lay in the restricted area of ​​the border fortifications between the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (CSSR) and the Federal Republic of Germany. The Velvet Revolution at the end of 1990 opened the border to Bavaria. After the formation of the successor state of the Czech Republic in 1993, the border controls at Furth im Wald on the Nuremberg – Prague railway line were dropped.

The cross-border “Künisches Gebirge action group” between Germans and Czechs with its administrative headquarters in Cham , made up of residents of the five Bavarian communities of Eschlkam , Neukirchen bei Heiligen Blut , Arrach , Lam and Lohberg and the six Czech communities of Všeruby , Chudenín , has existed since 2000 , Nýrsko , Strážov , Dešenice and Hamry .

Significant surveys

image Czech German height Coordinates
Jezerni hora 1343 m.JPG Jezerní hora Sea wall 1343 49 ° 10'06 "N, 13 ° 11'08" E
Svaroh Zwercheck 1333 with JPG Svaroh Midcheck 1333 49 ° 10'26 "N, 13 ° 09'59" E
Ostry 1293 with JPG Ostrý Big Osser 1293 49 ° 12'13 "N, 13 ° 06'33" E
Image manquante 2.svg Velký Kokrhác Big ankle 1229 49 ° 11'07 "N, 13 ° 08'47" E
Jindrich Eckert - Spicak s pensionem Prokop (1880-2) .jpg Špičák Spitzberg 1205 49 ° 10'22 "N, 13 ° 12'31" E
Image manquante 2.svg Malý Špičák Little Spitzberg 1189 49 ° 10'29 "N, 13 ° 12'04" E
Image manquante 2.svg - Helmwald 1102 49 ° 13'36 "N, 13 ° 05'26" E
Image manquante 2.svg Get Jägerhübel 1100 49 ° 13'00 "N, 13 ° 06'50" E

literature

  • In the land of the artistic passed farmers. Homeland book for the central Bohemian Forest. (District of Bergreichenstein and neighboring areas); Editor: Folklore working group for the central Bohemian Forest “Künische Freibauer” eV, Morsak Verlag, Grafenau (Lower Bavaria) 1979, ISBN 978-3-87553-101-5 , pp. 5–839.
  • Johanna von Herzogenberg : Between Danube and Moldau. Bavarian Forest and Bohemian Forest - The Mühlviertel and South Bohemia. Prestel-Verlag, Munich 1968, pp. 5–350. (with an overview map)
  • South bohemia. In: Lillian Schacherl: Bohemia - cultural image of a landscape. Prestel-Verlag, Munich 1966, pp. 139-212.

Web links