Submarine class 209

Class 209
Overview
Type	Patrol submarine
Shipyard	HDW Arsenal de Marinha, Rio de Janeiro Mazagon Dock Limited , Mumbai Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering, Geoje Gölcük naval shipyard
Technical specifications
See subclasses

The submarines of the 209 class are since the late 1960s in Germany made exclusively for export. Over the past 40 years, they have been repeatedly adapted to the state of the art, so that the submarines that are currently under construction are counted among the most modern boats. So far, over 60 boats of this class have been built for fourteen countries (as of 2015).

history

In the 1970s , new, smaller submarines were developed for the first time since the Second World War . At that time, there were already hunting submarines that had been developed for the high seas. The boats of the French Daphné class , the British Oberon class and the Soviet Foxtrot class were available on the international market, but too big, too heavy and unsuitable for simple coastal protection for smaller states.

Class 209, designed by the Ministry of Defense of the Federal Republic of Germany , took a significantly different path. The German Navy saw its tasks in particular in coastal protection and the protection of the shallow Baltic and North Sea and had already been able to gain experience with the class 206 . The class 209 was supposed to combine the advantages of light submarines with quiet electric propulsion with a powerful torpedo armament.

The Argentine submarine San Luis (type 209/1200) fired eight torpedoes from around 7000 meters away, four of which were wire-guided of the German type SST-4, at the British aircraft carrier Invincible and its escort ships during the Falklands War . No hit was obtained due to a mistake by the crew when connecting the steering wires.

technology

The class was designed by the engineering office Lübeck (IKL) based on class 206 . The boats are primarily designed for use in coastal areas and should combat surface ships, submarines and the supply traffic. The boats were made of non-magnetizable steel for protection against mines and for detection by MAD sensors . Four batteries with 120 cells each are installed in front of and behind the bridge and account for 25% of the total displacement. The (older) boats have a diesel-electric drive, the four MTU - Diesel engines and four diesel engines mounted directly to the AEG consists generators and a DC electric motor. The individual propeller is driven directly by the electric motor, which consists of 2 motors in a housing, via a shaft. The diesel generator sets are only used to charge the batteries. A mechanical connection between the propeller shaft and the diesel system is not possible, but the generators can be switched directly to the electric motor, the battery then only supplies the on-board network.

Newer boats can also be equipped with a fuel cell drive.

Armament

Class 209 submarines come standard with eight 533 mm bow torpedo tubes and can carry a total of 14 torpedoes.

The boats of Greece , South Korea and Turkey can be equipped with Harpoon missiles that are launched from the tubes. South Korean boats can internally hold 28 sea ​​mines instead of torpedoes, while India's boats can hold 24 mines externally. The type of torpedo can vary by country.

variants

So far the boats have been built in the following subclasses:

• Type 209/1100
• Type 209/1200
• Type 209/1300
• Type 209/1400
• Type 209/1400 mod
• Type 209/1500

The units U-209PN the Portuguese Navy belong to Class 214 .

Various modifications have been made over the years resulting in a wide variety of the class. The names of the sub-classes that relate to water displacement (e.g. class 209/1200) actually only reflect the trend towards ever larger submarines. A boat of class 209/1200 from 1972 differs technically significantly from a boat of the same subclass from 2001. The external shape can be used to roughly classify the technical status of the boats (apart from later modifications). The original form of class 209 (all boats of the variant 1100 - Glaukos , Nireus , Triton , Proteus , Salta , San Luis , Islay , Arica  - as well as the early boats of the variant 1200 - Atilay , Saldiray ) is more or less enlarged to over 1000 ts Class 205 (2nd construction lot) with modified steering gear. The boats had a stepped tower cladding, the upper deck consisted of a narrow jetty on the foredeck and ended immediately aft of the tower cladding. The second form (most boats variant 1200 - Batiray , Yildiray , Doganay , Dolunay , Poseidon , Amfitriti , Okeanos , Pontos , Angamos , Antofagasta , Pisagua , Chipana , Pijao , Tayrona  - as well as most boats of variant 1300 - Sabalo , Caribe , Shyri , Huancavilca , Cakra , Nanggala ) differs from the first only in the conspicuous sonar dome on the bow, as can be found in class 206 . The third form (the last boats of the 1300 variant - Thomson class, the last boats of the 1200 variant - Chang Bogo class, and the early boats of the 1400 variant - Tupi , Tamoio , Timbira , Tapajó , and all boats of the 1500 variant) have an enlarged, streamlined, upwardly curved upper deck reaching behind the tower, which includes the sonar dome in the bow. The leading and trailing edges of the stepless tower are vertical. The fourth and last form (the last boats of the variant 1400 - Preveze class, Gür class, Tikuna and Heroine / Manthatisi class), in contrast, has an almost smooth upper deck reaching far aft. The front and rear edges of the stepless, streamlined tower are bevelled. In addition, the diesel exhaust outlets on the rear sides of the tower are similar to those of class 205 (3rd construction lot).

In addition to the water displacement and shape of the upper deck, the class 209 submarines differ according to the wishes of the respective client with regard to their sensors, fire control systems and weapon deployment options.

Thomson class (type 209/1300)
The Thomson class of the Chilean Navy was fitted with emergency exit hatches in the torpedo and engine room as well as in the middle deck. They also received higher periscopes , snorkels, etc. for operations in the deeper Atlantic .

Tikuna class (modified type 209/1400)
The Brazilian Tikuna class, a modified type 209/1400, has been extended by 0.85 m. Improved diesels, other generators and batteries, as well as improved sensors and electronics were also installed.

Shishumar- class (Type 209/1500)
The four boats of the Indian Shishumar- class were equipped with an escape pod so that the entire crew can be supplied with oxygen for eight hours. The escape capsule can be detached from the hull and in this way bring the crew safely out of a damaged submarine to the surface of the water.

Technical specifications

	1100	1200	1300	1400	1500
Tonnage (submerged)	1,207 t	1,285 t	1,390 t	1,586 t	1,810 t
Dimensions ( Lüa  x  Büa  x  Tg )	54.1 x 6.2 x 5.9 m	55.9 × 6.3 × 5.5 m	59.5 × 6.2 × 5.5 m	61.2 x 6.25 x 5.5 m	64.4 × 6.5 × 6.2 m
Pressure hull Ø	6.2 m
drive	Diesel-electric, 4 diesel, 1 shaft
	5000 shp (3730  kW )				6100 shp (4550 kW)
Speed ​​(over water)	11 kn				11.5 kn
Speed ​​(submerged)	21.5 kn			22 kn	22.5 kn
Range (above water)	11,000 nm at 10 kn
Range (with snorkel)	8000 nm at 10 kn
Range (submerged)	400 nm at 4 kn
Duration of use	50 days
Maximum diving depth	500 m
Armament	8 × 533 mm torpedo tubes 14 torpedo optional UGM-84 Harpoon
Team strength	31	33		30th	36

Users

country	class	Type					Remarks
		1100	1200	1300	1400	1500
Egypt					2 (2)		a total of four planned, delivery since 2016 (S41 in December 2016, S42 in August 2017, S43 in April 2020)
Argentina	Salta class	1 (1 *)					ARA Salta (S-31) overhauls from 1988 to 1995 and 2005 (*) ARA San Luis (S-32) was canceled in 1997 after an unfinished overhaul
Brazil	Tupi- class Tikuna- class				4 (1 **)		(**) Tikuna (S-34) is a modified Type 209/1400 Additional Unit Type 209/1400 Tapuia was not built are for the torpedo type Mark 48 converted
Chile	Thomson- class			2			SS Thompson (SS-20) was rebuilt in 2009 and prepared for the DCNS / WASS torpedo type. The last modernization took place in 2017. SS Simpson (SS-21) was caught, carried off and damaged by the tsunami following the earthquake of February 27, 2010 during the renovation in the floating dock ; After a complicated recovery and repair, the boat was put back into service in June 2012. Based on positive reviews, it was decided in 2017 to extend the service life of both boats, which had been upgraded to the technical standard of the sub-class U 209 / 1400L, by 10 years
Colombia	Pijao class		2				Both should be between 2010 and 2011 Portions of this article appear since 2011 is out of date to be . Please help to research and insert the missing information . in Colombia to be improved with the support of HDW.
Ecuador	Shyri class			2			SS Shyri (S-11) is currently being overtaken in Chile
Greece	Glavkos- class Poseidon- class	4th	4th				Glavkos class was overtaken in Neptune I from 1993 to 2000 3 Poseidon class boats received hydrogen cell propulsion
India	Shishumar class					4th	Option for two more boats was not taken. Equipped with an escape pod
Indonesia	Cakra class			2
South Korea	Chang Bogo class		9				Were completely built in Korea
Peru	Islay- class Angamos- class	2	4th				Both boats 209/1100 ( Islay class) were overhauled in Peru in 2008. Overhaul of the boats of type 209/1200 (Angamos class) is currently being evaluated
South Africa	Heroine class				3		The three boats are a modified 1400 type SAS Charlotte Maxeke , SAS Queen Modjadji II , SAS Manthatisi
Turkey	Atilay class Preveze class Gur class		6th		8th
Venezuela	Sabalo class			2

units

So far, 61 submarines have been built in 5 rough sub-classes for 13 nations, some of which are very different from each other (as of 2014). The boats are usually named by the respective nations after their first ship of the class or sub-class. In Greece, boats of class 209-1100 are called the Glaukos class, and those of class 209-1200 are called Poseidon class. Deviating from this, the South African Navy calls its class 209-1400SAN submarines the Heroine class, as all boats are named after heroines. The units of the respective navies are listed below in chronological order of the first order of a class 209 submarine

 Greece - All Class 209 submarines of the Greek Navy (Polemikó Naftikó)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S110	Glaucoma	209-1100	HDW , Kiel	1st September 1968	September 15, 1970	5th November 1971	Submarine command in Salamis	June 9, 2011	?
S111	Nireus	209-1100	HDW , Kiel	15th January 1969	June 7th 1971	February 10, 1972	Submarine command in Salamis	-	active
S112	Triton	209-1100	HDW , Kiel	June 1, 1969	19th October 1971	August 8, 1972	Submarine command in Salamis	-	active
S113	Proteus	209-1100	HDW , Kiel	1st October 1969	February 1, 1972	November 23, 1972	Submarine command in Salamis	-	active
S116	Poseidon	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	15th January 1976	March 20, 1978	March 22, 1979	Submarine command in Salamis	-	active
S117	Amfitriti	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	April 26, 1976	June 14, 1978	September 14, 1979	Submarine command in Salamis	-	active, Neptune II modernization canceled?
S118	Oceanus	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	October 1, 1976	November 16, 1978	November 15, 1979	Submarine command in Salamis	-	active, equipped with AIP in the Neptune II program
S119	Pontus	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	January 25, 1977	March 20, 1979	April 29, 1980	Submarine command in Salamis	-	active

 Argentina - All Class 209 submarines of the Argentine Navy (Armada Argentina)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S-31	ARA Salta	209-1100	HDW , Kiel (sections) Tandanor , Buenos Aires (assembly)	April 30, 1970	November 9, 1972	March 7th 1974	Comando de la Fuerza de Submarinos in Mar del Plata	-	active
S-32	ARA San Luis	209-1100	HDW , Kiel (sections) Tandanor , Buenos Aires (assembly)	1st October 1970	3rd April 1973	May 24, 1974	Comando de la Fuerza de Submarinos in Mar del Plata	?	Overhaul canceled in 1997, hung up in Buenos Aires , repair considered

 Peru - All Class 209 submarines of the Peruvian Navy (Marina de Guerra del Perú, MGP)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
SS35	BAP Islay	209-1100	HDW , Kiel	March 15, 1971	October 10, 1973	29th August 1974	Fuerza de Submarinos in Callao	-	active
SS36	BAP Arica	209-1100	HDW , Kiel	1st November 1971	April 5, 1974	January 21, 1975	Fuerza de Submarinos in Callao	-	active
SS31	BAP Angamos , ex BAP Casma	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	July 25, 1977	August 30, 1979	December 19, 1980	Fuerza de Submarinos in Callao	-	active
SS32	BAP Antofagasta	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	3rd October 1977	19th December 1979	May 22, 1981	Fuerza de Submarinos in Callao	-	active
SS33	BAP Pisagua	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	15th January 1979	May 19, 1981	July 12, 1983	Fuerza de Submarinos in Callao	-	active
SS34	BAP Chipana , ex BAP flower	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	15th August 1978	October 19, 1981	October 28, 1982	Fuerza de Submarinos in Callao	-	active

 Colombia - All Class 209 submarines of the Colombian Navy (Armada de la República de Colombia)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S028	Pijao	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	April 1, 1972	April 10, 1974	April 18, 1975	Fuerza Naval del Caribe in Cartagena	-	active
S029	Tayrona	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	May 1st, 1975	July 16, 1974	July 16, 1975	Fuerza Naval del Caribe in Cartagena	-	active

 Turkey - All Class 209 submarines of the Turkish Navy (Türk Deniz Kuvetleri)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S 347	TCG Atilay	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	1st December 1972	October 23, 1974	July 23, 1975	?	-	active, be class 214TN replaced
S 348	TCG Saldiray	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	2nd January 1973	February 14, 1975	October 21, 1975	?	-	active, be class 214TN replaced
S 349	TCG Batiray	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	June 11th 1975	October 24, 1977	July 20, 1978	?	-	active, be class 214TN replaced
S 350	TCG Yildiray	209-1200	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	May 11, 1976	20th July 1979	January 6, 1981	?	-	active, be class 214TN replaced
S 351	TCG Doganay	209-1200	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	April 15, 1981	November 16, 1983	November 16, 1984	?	-	active, be class 214TN replaced
S 352	TCG Dolunay	209-1200	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	July 1, 1985	August 8, 1988	July 21, 1989	?	-	active, be class 214TN replaced
S 353	TCG Preveze	209T1-1400	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	?	October 22, 1993	July 28, 1994	?	-	active
S 354	TCG Sakarya	209T1-1400	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	?	July 28, 1994	September 23, 1995	?	-	active
S 355	TCG 18 Mart	209T1-1400	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	?	August 25, 1997	June 24, 1998	?	-	active
S 356	TCG anafartalar	209T1-1400	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	?	September 1, 1998	July 22, 1999	?	-	active
S 357	TCG Gür	209T2-1400	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	?	May 2002	July 24, 2003	?	-	active
S 358	TCG Canakkale	209T2-1400	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	?	August 2002	July 26, 2005	?	-	active
S 359	TCG Burak rice	209T2-1400	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	?	September 5, 2005	February 15, 2006	?	-	active
S 360	TCG Birinci Inönü	209T2-1400	Marine shipyard , Gölcük	?	May 2006	July 22, 2007	?	-	active

 Venezuela - All Class 209 submarines of the Venezuelan Navy (Armada Bolivariana de Venezuela)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
P. 31	Sabalo	209-1300	HDW , Kiel	May 2nd 1973	July 1, 1975	August 6, 1976	?	-	active
P 32	Caribe	209-1300	HDW , Kiel	1st August 1973	November 6, 1975	March 11, 1977	?	-	active

 Ecuador - All Class 209 submarines of the Ecuadorian Navy (Fuerza Naval del Ecuador)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S101	BAE Shyri	209-1300	HDW , Kiel	5th August 1974	October 6, 1976	5th November 1977	in Guayaquil	-	active
S102	BAE Huancavilca	209-1300	HDW , Kiel	2nd January 1975	March 15, 1977	March 16, 1978	in Guayaquil	-	active

 Indonesia - All Class 209 submarines of the Indonesian Navy (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, TNI-AL)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
401	KRI Cakra	209-1300	HDW , Kiel	December 9, 1977	March 14, 1980	March 19, 1981	?	-	active
402	KRI Nanggala	209-1300	HDW , Kiel	March 14, 1978	4th September 1980	July 6, 1981	?	-	active
403	KRI Nagapasa	DSME209	DSME , Okpo-dong	April 9, 2015	March 24, 2016	August 28, 2017	?	-	active
404	KRI Ardadedali	DSME209	DSME , Okpo-dong	?	October 24, 2016	April 25, 2018	?	-	under construction
405	KRI Alugoro	DSME209	PT PAL , Surabaya	?	?	April 11, 2019	?	-	under construction

 Chile - All Class 209 submarines of the Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
20th	Thomson	209-1300L	HDW , Kiel	November 1, 1980	April 29, 1983	May 7, 1984	Fuerza de Submarinos in Talcahuano	-	active
21st	Simpson	209-1300L	HDW , Kiel	January 15, 1981	July 29, 1983	August 18, 1984	Fuerza de Submarinos in Talcahuano	-	active

 India - All Class 209 submarines of the Indian Navy

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
P. 44	INS Shishumar	209-1500	HDW , Kiel	May 1, 1982	December 13, 1984	September 22, 1986	10th Submarine Squadron, Mumbai	-	active
P 45	INS Shankush	209-1500	HDW , Kiel	September 1, 1982	June 11, 1985	November 20, 1986	10th Submarine Squadron, Mumbai	-	active
P. 46	INS Shalki	209-1500	MDL , Mumbai	September 13, 1984	June 1990	February 7, 1992	10th Submarine Squadron, Mumbai	-	active
P 47	INS Shankul	209-1500	MDL , Mumbai	January 15, 1984	September 1989	May 28, 1994	10th Submarine Squadron, Mumbai	-	active

 Brazil - All Class 209 submarines of the Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
P. 30	Tupi	209-1400	HDW , Kiel	October 1, 1984	April 28, 1987	May 6, 1989	Força de Submarinos, Ilha de Mocanguê Rio de Janeiro	-	active
P. 31	Tamoio	209-1400	AMRJ , Rio de Janeiro	May 1987	November 18, 1993	December 12, 1994	Força de Submarinos, Ilha de Mocanguê Rio de Janeiro	-	active
P 32	Timbira	209-1400	AMRJ , Rio de Janeiro	March 1988	5th January 1996	October 20, 1997	Força de Submarinos, Ilha de Mocanguê Rio de Janeiro	-	active
P. 33	Tapajó	209-1400	AMRJ , Rio de Janeiro	January 1989	June 5, 1998	December 21, 1999	Força de Submarinos, Ilha de Mocanguê Rio de Janeiro	-	active
P.34	Tikuna	209-1400 mod	AMRJ , Rio de Janeiro	December 1998	March 3, 2005	December 16, 2005	Força de Submarinos, Ilha de Mocanguê Rio de Janeiro	-	active

 South Korea - All Class 209 submarines of the South Korean Navy (Daehanminguk Haegun)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
061	ROKS Chang Bogo	209-1200	HDW , Kiel	August 1, 1988	?	2nd June 1993	? in Jinhae	-	active
062	ROKS Lee Chun	209-1200	DSME , Okpo-dong	planned November 14, 1989	?	April 30, 1994	? in Jinhae	-	active
063	ROKS Choi Museon	209-1200	DSME , Okpo-dong	planned November 14, 1990	?	February 27, 1995	? in Jinhae	-	active
065	ROKS Park Wi	209-1200	DSME , Okpo-dong	?	?	February 3, 1996	? in Jinhae	-	active
066	ROKS Lee Jongmu	209-1200	DSME , Okpo-dong	?	?	September 1, 1996	? in Jinhae	-	active
067	ROKS Jeong Un	209-1200	DSME , Okpo-dong	?	?	August 29, 1997	? in Jinhae	-	active
068	ROKS Lee Sunsin	209-1200	DSME , Okpo-dong	?	?	June 15, 1999	? in Jinhae	-	active
069	ROKS Na Daeyong	209-1200	DSME , Okpo-dong	?	?	May 1, 2000	? in Jinhae	-	active
070	ROKS Lee Eokgi	209-1200	DSME , Okpo-dong	?	?	November 1, 2001	? in Jinhae	-	active

 South Africa - All Class 209 submarines of the South African Navy (Suid-Afrikaanse Vloo)

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
P 101	SAS Manthatisi	209-1400SAN	HDW , Kiel	?	June 15, 2004	November 3, 2005	in Simon's Town	-	active
P 102	SAS Charlotte Maxeke	209-1400SAN	TKMS , Emden	?	May 4, 2005	March 14, 2007	in Simon's Town	-	active
P 103	SAS Queen Modjadji	209-1400SAN	HDW , Kiel	?	March 18, 2006	May 22, 2008	in Simon's Town	-	active

 Egypt - All Class 209 submarines of the Egyptian Navy

Identifier	Surname	version	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	unit	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
861	P 41	209-1400	TKMS , Kiel		December 10, 2015	December 12, 2016			delivered
864	P 42	209-1400	TKMS , Kiel		December 12, 2016	August 8, 2017			delivered
	P 43	209-1400	TKMS , Kiel		3rd May 2019				delivered on April 9, 2020
	P. 44	209-1400

Accidents

December 2013, north of Cyprus, the Turkish submarine TCG Yildiray (S350) type 209/1200 collided with a freighter while surfacing quickly due to a technical problem. People were not harmed. The submarine was towed into the Turkish port of Mersin .

photos

• 

  Peruvian BAP Chipana (SS-34), a Class 209/1200 submarine

• 

  Chilean SC Simpson (SS-21), a Class 209/1300 submarine

• 

  South Korean Chang Bogo (SSK 061), 2005

See also

• Dolphin class
• List of German submarine classes
• List of Bundeswehr submarines
• List of submarine classes by state
• Submarine class 214

Web links

Commons : Submarine Class 209  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

• Page of the 209 class at Thyssen-Krupp
• Detailed article at GlobalDefence.net

Individual evidence

1. ↑ tk-marinesystems.de
2. ↑ tk-marinesystems.de
3. ^ David Miller: The Illustrated Directory of Submarines . Zenith Press, 2002, ISBN 0-7603-1345-8 .
4. ↑ evening paper
5. ↑ Around the corner. Der Spiegel, October 18, 1982, accessed on September 12, 2012 . 
6. ↑ U-209PN: Submarino de ataque (SSK) / tipo U-214. In: areamilitar.net. Retrieved July 5, 2016 (Portuguese).
7. ^ ^{A b} Anthony Watts: Jane's Underwater Warfare Systems, 2002-2003 . Ed .: Jane's Information Group. 2002, ISBN 0-7106-2451-4 , pp. 629 .
8. ↑ Shishumar class Patrol submarine. In: military-today.com. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
9. ↑ tk-marinesystems.de
10. ↑ Egypt's first Type 209 sub launched ( Memento December 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), IHS Jane's 360, December 10, 2015
11. ^ ^{A b} Frank Behling: Submarine for Egypt baptized in Kiel. In: kn-online.de. May 3, 2019, accessed May 7, 2019 . 
12. ^ SSK Tupi-class Attack Submarine
13. ↑ ^{a b c} Nicolás García: Chile festivals los 100 años de su arma submarina con programas de renovación. In: infodefensa.com (Spanish armaments online magazine), July 4, 2017, accessed on May 19, 2018.
14. ↑ ^{a b} Fuerza de Submarinos cumple un siglo y define futuro de sus unidades más antiguas. In: El Mercurio , July 2, 2017, p. C9.
15. ^ Contract for the modernization of Colombian-Class 209 submarines
16. ^ Hellenic Navy Submarines ( Memento from March 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
17. ↑ Hellenic Shipyards SA - The Neptune II Program ( Memento of the original from November 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
18. ^ New breath for submarines
19. ↑ Shishumar {HDW 209} class ( Memento of the original from March 11, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
20. ^ Department of Defense, SA Navy: Submarines, 3 X 209 Class (Type 1400MOD (SA)) (SSK) . at www.navy.mil.za (English)
21. ↑ Helmoed Römer Heitman: The South African Navy. A small navy at work: The status of the fleet today . In: Military History Journal (Military History Society), Vol. 16, No. 1, June 2013, online at samilitaryhistory.org (English)
22. ↑ Official Turkish Navy Website ( Memento of the original from March 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
23. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Jürgen Rohweder, Peter Neumann: Leiser, Tiefer, Schneller - Innovations in German submarine construction , ES Mittler & Sohn im Maximillian Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg & Bonn 2015, p. 165-166.
24. ↑ Indonesia's First Type 209/1200 Submarine Out of Construction Hall at DSME. March 20, 2016, accessed October 19, 2016 . 
25. ^ ^{A b c} Hans Knarr: Type compass German submarines. Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart 2014, p. 81.
26. ↑ DSME launches first Indonesian Type 209/1400 SSK, Janes, March 24, 2016
27. ↑ Vincent Groizeleau: Avec l'Indonésie, les Coreen livrent leur premier sous-marin à l'export. In: meretmarine.com. September 7, 2017, accessed on September 7, 2017 (French). 
28. ↑ Jokowi inspects KRI Alugoro, first 'Southeast Asian country' assembled submarine. January 27, 2020, accessed on February 15, 2020 . 
29. ↑ Jokowi inspects KRI Alugoro, first 'Southeast Asian country' assembled submarine. January 27, 2020, accessed on February 15, 2020 . 
30. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Hannes Ewerth, Peter Neumann: Silent Fleet 2nd Edition, Howaltswerke Deutsche Werft AG Kiel and Yacht-Photo-Service YPS, Hamburg 1999, pp. 108-109.
31. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Jürgen Rohweder, Peter Neumann: Leiser, Tiefer, Schneller - Innovations in the German submarine construction , ES Mittler & Sohn im Maximillian Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg & Bonn 2015, pp. 167–168 .
32. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Jürgen Rohweder, Peter Neumann: Leiser, Tiefer, Schneller - Innovations in German submarine construction , ES Mittler & Sohn im Maximillian Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg & Bonn 2015, p 168.
33. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} South Korea Submarine Capabilities. nti.org, September 28, 2015, accessed December 26, 2015 . 
34. ↑ ^{a b c} Submarines. navy.mil.za, June 9, 2015, accessed December 20, 2015 . 
35. ↑ ^{a b c} Jürgen Rohweder, Peter Neumann: Leiser, Tiefer, Schneller - Innovations in German submarine construction , ES Mittler & Sohn in Maximillian Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg & Bonn 2015, pp. 168–169.
36. ↑ Jeremy Binnie & Alex Pape: Egypt's first Type 209 sub launched. (No longer available online.) Janes.com, December 10, 2015, archived from the original on December 12, 2015 ; accessed on December 20, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
37. ^ Frank Behling: Submarine baptism with holy water from Mecca. kn-online.de, December 12, 2016, accessed on May 5, 2018 . 
38. ^ Submarine baptism with holy water from Mecca. December 12, 2016, accessed December 13, 2016 . 
39. ^ ^{A b c} Frank Behling: Submarine handed over to Egypt by TKMS. Kieler Nachrichten, August 8, 2017, accessed on May 5, 2018 . 
40. ↑ Third submarine handed over to Egypt in Kiel. April 9, 2020, accessed April 14, 2020 . 
41. ↑ Turkish Navy submarine collides with cargo ship. militaryphotos.net, December 26, 2013, accessed December 26, 2013 .