Daphné class

Daphné class

The Flore as a museum ship

Ship data country  France Portugal Pakistan South Africa Spain         Ship type Submarine Construction period 1958 to 1975 Launch of the type ship June 20, 1959 Units built 25th period of service 1964 to 2010

Ship dimensions and crew length 57.8 m ( Lüa ) width 6.8 m Draft Max. 4.6 m displacement above water: 869 ts under water: 1043 ts   crew 54 men

Machine system machine Diesel engine electric motor Machine performance 1,940 kW (2,638 hp)

Mission data submarine Radius of action surfaced at 7 kn: 10,000 nm Diving depth, normal 300 m Immersion depth, max. 575 m Top speed submerged 16 kn (30 km / h) Top speed surfaced 13.5 kn (25 km / h)

Armament 12 × torpedo tube ⌀ 55 cm Sensors Radar Calypso II DUUX 2 DSUV 2 DUUA 1 DUUA 2

The Daphné class was a French class of conventionally powered submarines . The boats were put into service between 1964 and 1975. All but one boat were decommissioned by 2006. In addition to France, Pakistan , Portugal , Spain and South Africa also used the boats.

Details

The class was developed from 1952 to complement the larger Narval class submarines . The two-hulled boats are an enlarged further development of the Aréthuse class . You don't have a torpedo room. All twelve torpedo tubes are located outside the pressure hull and cannot be reloaded at sea.

Between 1964 and 1970, eleven boats were put into service by the French Navy . Two French submarines were lost in accidents in the Mediterranean , with the entire crew being killed. By 1996, the remaining nine French submarines were decommissioned. Since the decommissioning of the last French Agosta- class boat in 2001, the French Navy has only owned nuclear submarines .

The first foreign buyer of the Daphné class was Portugal, which put four submarines into service between 1967 and 1969. In 1975 Portugal sold a submarine to Pakistan. Two other boats were taken out of service by 2005. One boat remained in active service until 2010, making Portugal the last Daphné- class operator .

The next foreign navy to buy the submarines was the Pakistani. Pakistan put three boats of the class into service in 1970. One of these submarines, the Hangor , was the first submarine after the end of World War II to sink an enemy ship in a combat mission. During the Bangladesh War, the Hangor torpedoed the Indian frigate Khukri on December 9, 1971 . Another Indian warship was damaged. To date there has only been one successful submarine mission against an opposing ship. In the Falklands War of 1982, the Argentine cruiser General Belgrano was sunk by the British nuclear submarine Conqueror .

The last foreign buyer was Spain. Between 1973 and 1975 four boats built under license in Cartagena were put into service by the Spanish Navy. The last Spanish submarine in the class was decommissioned in 2006.

Units and whereabouts

- French Navy (Marine nationale française)

As the developer of the Daphné class, France put eleven units of this class into service between 1964 and 1970, making it the largest user in terms of numbers. However, there were never more than nine units in service at the same time, since Minerve and Eurydice had sunk in accidents before or with the arrival of the last boats in the class. The remaining boats did their service in the Navy national in part until the late 1990s. Most of the boats were scrapped. With Flore , a French unit of the Daphné class has been preserved as a museum in Lorient .

In addition, 14 units of the Daphné class were exported from France to other countries, the majority of which were built in French shipyards. The units delivered abroad were usually not referred to as Daphné class by the customer's marines , but instead named after the first boat of the class in the respective nation.

Identifier	Surname	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S 641	Daphné (Q 241)	Dubigeon, Nantes	March 1958	June 20, 1959	June 1, 1964	September 22, 1989	scrapped
S 642	Diane (Q 242)	Dubigeon, Nantes	July 1958	4th October 1960	June 20, 1964	December 31, 1987	scrapped
S 643	Doris (Q 243)	DCAN , Cherbourg	September 1, 1958	May 14, 1960	August 26, 1964	August 20, 1996	scrapped
S 644	Eurydice (Q 245)	DCAN, Cherbourg	July 1958	June 19, 1962	September 26, 1964	-	Loss: on March 4, 1970 in an accident off Saint-Tropez in the Mediterranean with 57 men (including a Pakistani), sank to 750 meters.
S 645	Flore (Q 246)	DCAN, Cherbourg	September 1, 1958	December 21, 1960	May 21, 1964	March 21, 1989	Museum in Lorient
S 646	Galatée (Q 247)	DCAN, Cherbourg	September 1, 1958	September 22, 1961	July 25, 1964	October 22, 1993	scrapped
S 647	Minerve (Q 248)	Dubigeon, Nantes	May 1958	May 31, 1961	June 1964	-	Loss: sank in the Mediterranean on January 27, 1968 under unknown circumstances with 52 seamen.
S 648	Junon (Q 249)	DCAN, Cherbourg	July 1961	May 11, 1964	February 25, 1966	October 8, 1996	scrapped
S 649	Vénus (Q 250)	DCAN, Cherbourg	August 1961	September 24, 1964	January 1, 1966	3rd November 1990	scrapped
S 650	Psyché (Q 253)	DCAN, Brest	June 1, 1965	June 28, 1967	7th June 1969	September 29, 1998	scrapped
S 651	Sirène (Q 254)	DCAN, Brest	September 1965	June 28, 1967	March 1, 1970	May 30, 1997	scrapped

- Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa)

The first export customer of the Daphné class was the Portuguese Navy . She originally ordered four units and put them into service. In 1975 the third unit of the Portuguese construction lot, Cachalote , was sold to Pakistan. Thus the Marinha Portugesea only had three units for most of the Daphné boats' service life. These were then successively decommissioned from 2000 every five years and finally replaced by the two submarines of the 209PN class, which are de facto boats of the German export type 214 . The boats of the Daphné class were scrapped except for the last unit in service, the Barracuda , which is moored as a museum ship in Cacilhas .

Identifier	Surname	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S163	Albacora	Dubigeon, Nantes	?	October 1966	October 1, 1967	2000	?
S164	Barracuda	Dubigeon, Nantes	?	April 1967	4th May 1968	2010	Museum in Cacilhas
S165	Cachalote	Dubigeon, Nantes	?	February 1968	January 25, 1969	1975	1975 sold to Pakistan.
S166	Delfim	Dubigeon, Nantes	?	September 1968	1st October 1969	December 2005	?

- Pakistani Navy (Pɑkistan Bahri'a)

The Pakistani Navy also initially ordered three Daphné- class units in France. Later she bought the Cachalote from Portugal and put it into service as a Ghazi . It replaced its predecessor in the name of the American Tench class , modified in the GUPPY program , which was the first submarine of the Pakistani Navy and sank in the third Indo-Pakistani War . Pakistan did not lose any of the Daphné- class submarines . The boats were supplemented by units of the Agosta class and later replaced. In 2006, all four Pakistani class submarines were decommissioned. The first Pakistani unit of the class, Hangor , which was successful in the war against India , is on public display in Karachi as a museum ship .

Identifier	Surname	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S131	Hangor	St. W., Brest	?	June 28, 1968	20th December 1970	January 2, 2006	Museum in Karachi
S132	Shushuk	Seine-Maritime, Le Trait	?	July 1969	January 1970	2006	?
S133	Mangro	Seine-Maritime, Le Trait	?	February 1970	August 1970	2006	?
Identifier	Surname			Formerly	Commissioning	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
S134	Ghazi	-	-	Cachalote	1975	2006	?

- South African Navy (Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot)

As a further foreign customer, South Africa took over three submarines of the class in 1970/71. With the influx of Daphné- class units, South Africa entered the circle of navies equipped with a submarine weapon for the first time. Unlike in Spain, these boats were not later, as planned, supplemented or replaced by units of the Agosta class. Due to an arms embargo , France could not deliver the Agosta boats ordered by South Africa and eventually sold them to Pakistan. Thus, the three units of the Daphné class formed the backbone of the submarine component of the South African Navy for decades. The boats were given new names after the end of apartheid in South Africa in 1994. The end of apartheid and the arms embargo made it possible for South Africa to replace the three Daphné class boats with three German class 209 / 1400SA submarines . All three South African Daphné- class submarines were decommissioned in 2003. With the Assegai , a boat in Simon's Town has been preserved as a museum.

Identifier	Surname	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
P 97	Spear ex Maria Van Riebeeck	Dubigeon, Nantes	?	March 1969	March 18, 1976	2003	scrapped
P. 98	Umkhonto ex Emily Hobhouse	Dubigeon, Nantes	December 1968	October 24, 1969	February 26, 1971	2003	Scrapped in 2008
P 99	Assegai ex Joanna Van de Merwe	Dubigeon, Nantes	April 24, 1969	July 21, 1970	August 21, 1971	November 23, 2003	Museum in Simon's Town

 Spain - Spanish Navy (Armada Española)

The four Daphné- class submarines built under license in Cartagena between 1973 and 1975 as the last foreign customers by Spain were the first post-war submarine type of the Spanish Navy. As with the other export customers of the Daphné class, the class was nationally named after the first boat, i.e. referred to as the Dolphin class in Spain . The boats were later supplemented by four units of the Agosta class (referred to as the Galerna class in Spain ) and together with these were for a long time the backbone of the Spanish submarine weapon. All units were decommissioned by 2006. The first unit, Dolphin , is preserved as a museum in Torrevieja .

Identifier	Surname	Shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	Commissioning	Decommissioning	Whereabouts
P. 61	Dolphin	Bazan , Cartagena	?	March 1972	May 1973	July 2003	Received as a museum ship in the port of Torrevieja .
P. 62	Tonina	Bazan, Cartagena	?	October 1972	July 1973	September 2005	?
P. 63	Marsopa	Bazan, Cartagena	?	March 1974	April 1975	April 2006	?
P 64	Narval	Bazan, Cartagena	?	December 1974	November 1975	January 2003	?

photos

• 

  The French Doris in 1994 in Saint-Raphaël . The newer model of the active sonar can be seen on the bow.

• 

  The later sunk Minerve in Bergen (Norway) in 1962 .

• 

  Aerial view of the Pakistani Ghazi at sea. The older version of the active sonar can be seen on the bow tip.

• 

  The French. Museum submarine Flore in front of the dry bunker of the Keroman submarine base in Lorient .

• 

  The Spanish Marsopa (S 63) on February 24, 2006 in Tarragona . The four stern torpedo tubes lying outside the pressure hull are clearly visible.

• 

  The former Spanish dolphin as a museum submarine in Torrevieja

See also

• List of French submarine classes

literature

• Chris Chant: Modern Submarines Engineering Tactics Armament. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart, 1st edition 2005, ISBN 3-7276-7150-5 .
• Werner Globke (Ed.): Weyers Flottentaschenbuch / Warships of the World - Fleet Handbook. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn, 66th year 2005–2007, ISBN 3-7637-4517-3 .

Web links

Commons : Daphné class  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• perso.orange.fr - Overview of French submarines (French)

Footnotes

1. ↑ The French metric 550 mm standard can be converted to the internationally widespread 533 mm (21 inch ) standard using plug-in adapters.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq} Les sous-marins à hautes performances de 800 tonnes du type Daphné. netmarine.net, 2011, accessed March 29, 2014 (French). 
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u} Les sous-marins à hautes performances de 800 tonnes du type Daphné. netmarine.net, 2006, accessed on January 2, 2016 (French). 
4. ↑ ^{a b} The Portuguese Cachalote was sold to Pakistan in 1975 and put into service there under the name PNS Ghazi (134) . It replaced the PNS Ghazi (SS 479) sunk in the Third Indo-Pakistani War in 1971 .
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Gerhard Albrecht (Ed.): Weyers Flottentaschenbuch 1971/1972. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1972, p. 105.