Bow (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Counts of Bogen, from 1242 of the Bavarian dukes from the House of Wittelsbach (depiction in the style of around 1300)

The Counts of Bogen were an East Bavarian noble family . They were one of the most powerful aristocratic families in Bavaria from the 12th to the middle of the 13th century. The seat of those von Bogen was the Bogenberg ( Burg Bogen ) near Straubing . With the Passau bishops and the Counts of Ortenburg, they vied for power in the Bavarian Danube region at that time. The family died out in 1242 and the possessions fell to the dukes of Bavaria. Likewise, their coat of arms with the white and blue alarm clock fell on the dukes. These alarm clocks are still included in the Bavarian state coat of arms .

history

The Bogenberg near Straubing

The Counts von Bogen were a younger branch of the Babenbergs with the ancestor Adalbert I, the characterless , von Windberg , a younger son of the Margrave Ernst of Austria and the Adelheid von Wettin. Through Adalbert I's marriage to Liutgard von Dießen, daughter of Count Friedrich II. Von Dießen , he inherited the area around Windberg. After this marriage, the sex split into two lines. The older one, which can be traced back to around 1100 as the Count of Windberg , and the younger line, which the Domvogtei of Regensburg held and called itself the "Bailiff of Regensburg".

Natternberg Castle (Natternberg, Deggendorf) former castle of the Counts of Bogen, 1723

The Lords of Bogen were closely associated with the Roman Catholic Church. Around the year 1100 Count Friedrich founded the Benedictine monastery Oberaltaich and after 1125 Count Albert I converted Windberg Castle into a Premonstratensian monastery and from then on referred to himself as Count von Bogen . They were bailiffs of the church property of the Diocese of Bamberg and the Diocese of Passau, bailiffs of the Old Chapel in Regensburg, Mallersdorf , Niederaltaich and checking in East Bavaria .

The core of what would later become the county of Bogen was in the south-east of the Nordgau . Due to the extinction of the Counts of Formbach with the death of Ekbert III. von Neuburg in 1158 the archers got the count's rights in the Künziggau. During this time, the Bavarian Forest ( Künisches Gebirge ) was colonized and Christianized with new settlers under the Counts of Bogen and other noble families.

In terms of professional ethics, the Counts von Bogen maintained close relationships with noble families in Bohemia , the most important of which was the family bond with the Přemyslids . Through the marriage of Albert III. von Bogen with the approximately fourteen-year-old Ludmilla , daughter of the Bohemian Duke Friedrich , came in 1184 as their marriage property the Künische Gebirge (the "Wald Hwozd" in the central Bohemian Forest) with the town of Schüttenhofen to the Count von Bogen. Later this property fell back to Bohemia.

The striving for power of the Bogen counts is evident in the Hohenbogen castle building on the Bohemian border, which began in 1190 and was never completed .

In 1192 Count Albert III unleashed . von Bogen a feud due to ownership claims in Eastern Bavaria . He fought with the Bavarian Duke Ludwig I and Count Rapoto II von Kraiburg and Heinrich I von Ortenburg over the fiefdom of the Diocese of Bamberg on the Danube and the Burgraviate of Regensburg , which he is said to have wrongly appropriated. The former Sulzbach fiefs on the Danube partly claimed the two Ortenburg counts, who viewed them as the inheritance of their mother. Albert III von Bogen then called the Bohemian king, his father-in-law, and the Count of Andechs -Merania for help. Together they defeated the Bavarian duke and pushed him back to Mühlheim. First a word of power from Emperor Heinrich VI. ended the conflict to the disadvantage of the Bogener. Albert III temporarily came under the ban of the Reich. After the death of Albert III. married his widow Ludmilla Countess von Bogen the Duke Ludwig I of Bavaria.

In 1230 the Counts von Bogen tried again to expand their property. They occupied the western part of the County of Windberg , which had since fallen to the Diocese of Passau , and successfully claimed the area for themselves. In the same year they were enfeoffed with the possessions by Bishop Gebhard I. von Plain . The county of Deggendorf also fell to them . Thanks to their numerous bailiwicks, they were able to expand their importance, but had to defend them against the Counts of Ortenburg in 1198, 1212 and 1226.

Due to the death of Adalbert (Albert) IV. Von Bogen in 1242, his possessions fell to his step-brother, the Wittelsbacher Otto II of Bavaria, son of Ludmilla and Ludwig I.

Tribe list of the Counts of Bogen

NN

Luitpold, Duke in Bavaria
Arnulph I, Duke in Bavaria
Arnulph II, Duke in Bavaria
Berthold, Count zu Scheyern
Babo von Abensberg, father of 30 sons
Hartwig I, progenitor of the Counts von Bogen

  1. Friedrich I († 1102), Domvogt of Regensburg ⚭ Luitgarda, daughter of the Margrave of Vohburg
  2. Ascuin I († 1098), de Zidlarin from the Bogen house
    1. Ascuin II. (Aschwin) ⚭ Luitgarda von Windberg
      1. Bertold I., Count 1086-1090, † around 1094;
        ⚭ Richgard at 1100 / 1104–1110, † October 8 or April 11 ???
      2. Litgard at 1105 / 1106-1112;
        ⚭ 1094 Břetislav II of the Přemyslid family , Duke of Bohemia, † 1100
        1. Břetislav
      3. Adalbert I, Count von Bogen , with his wife founder of the Windberg Monastery , † January 13, 1146;
        ⚭ 1st NN,
        ⚭ 2nd around 1123, Hedwig von Windberg , widow of Hermann Graf von Windberg-Ratelberg-Winzenburg (Formbach), daughter of Poppo II. Von Weimar-Orlamünde , Margrave of Carniola and Istria, † December 11, 1162
        1. Engelbert around 1100–1104 / 1110
        2. Adalbert II, 1140 monk of St. Blasien , † June 21, 1141
        3. Hartwig, 1146 Count von Bogen, † April 6, 1155/56;
          ⚭ Hedwig, † 23 August ???
        4. Heilwig, nun in the Obermünster monastery , † April 14th ???
        5. Rudolfus den Menna, 1147 around 1167/68, from a connection with NN
        6. Bertold II, Count von Bogen 1134/35, † March 21, 1167;
          ⚭ 1. Mathilde von Formbach , daughter of Ekbert II. Count von Pitten , † November 7, 1160;
          ⚭ 2. Liutgart around 1164, † March 24, 1195, daughter of Gebhard von Burghausen
          1. Hedwig, 1188, † June 13th ???,
            ⚭ Ekbert, 1180, Count of Deggendorf and Pernegg, † January 19, 1200
          2. Adalbert III., Count von Bogen , around 1180 Vogt of the convent in Prüfing , around 1190 Vogt of the convent Oberalteich , 1186 on the crusade, * July 11, 1165, † December 20, 1197;
            ⚭ around 1184 Ludmilla von Böhmen , founder of Seligenthal Monastery (Landshut) , daughter of Duke Friedrich von Böhmen ,
            ⚭ 2nd marriage at the end of October 1204 to Ludwig the Kelheimer
            1. Berthold IV., 1201 Count von Bogen and Vogt of Oberaltaich Monastery, † 1218, died in an accident at Damiette ;
              ⚭ Kunigunde von Hirschberg , daughter of Gebhard II. Count von Dollenstein ,
              ⚭ 2nd marriage to Konrad Graf von Wasserburg, † burned to death as an inmate of the Offenberg leper house (Styria) January 28, 1259
            2. Adalbert IV. , Count von Bogen in 1202, on a crusade in 1217, Vogt of Oberaltaich Monastery, 1233 Vogt of Windberg Monastery , † January 15, 1242;
              ⚭ Richiza von Dillingen, † June 20 ???, daughter of Count Adalbert III. from Dillingen
            3. Luitpold, Count von Bogen in 1209, clergyman and provost of the Old Chapel , † May 10, 1221

When the Counts von Bogen died out, their possessions fell to the Wittelsbach family in 1242 .

literature

  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present. 6th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 , p. 68 (Bogen (Grafen)).
  • Ina-Ulrike Paul: Arch, Count of. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 81 ( digitized version ).
  • Eberhard Graf zu Ortenburg-Tambach: History of the imperial, ducal and counts' entire house of Ortenburg. Part 2: The Count's House in Bavaria. Vilshofen 1932
  • Max Piendl: The Counts of Bogen. In: Yearbooks of the historical association of Straubing 55 (1953) –57 (1955)
  • Max Piendl: Bow. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Volume 2 (1983), p. 317
  • Franz Tyroller:  Arch, Count of .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 415 ( digitized version ).
  • In the land of the artistic passed pawn. A home book for the central Bohemian Forest . Editor: Folklore working group for the central Bohemian Forest "Künische Freibauer" e. V., Verlag Morsak Grafenau (Lower Bavaria) , pp. 4–350.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Description and explanation of the coat of arms symbols of the Free State of Bavaria and the seven districts ( Memento from September 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ http://heraldik-wiki.de/index.php?title=Wecke_%28Heraldik%29
  3. ^ Max Piendl, Ludwig Holzfurtner: Mitterfels . Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Ed .: Commission for Bavarian State History at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Part Altbayern, issue 62. Munich 2002, ISBN 3-7696-9695-6 , p. 72 .
  4. ↑ The ministerial offices of the Mitterfels Home History Working Group
  5. ↑ Master list based on Detlev Schwennike (Ed.): Europäische Stammtafeln. Family tables on the history of the European states. New series (Volume XVI). JA Stargardt, Berlin: 1995, plate 80 B.
  6. ^ New historical treatises of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Volume 2,1781, [1]
  7. ↑ Hedwig von Windberg, Franziska Jungmann-Stadler [2]

Web links

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