County of Kraiburg
The Grafschaft Kraiburg (also known as Grafschaft Kraiburg-Marquartstein or Grafschaft Kraiburg-Ortenburg ) was a medieval dominion in Upper and Lower Bavaria with its headquarters in Kraiburg am Inn . The county extended in the area of the later Bavarian regional courts Kraiburg and Mörmoosen. It was an independent, powerful and influential county in the Duchy of Bavaria for about 150 years .
history
The basis of the later main town Kraiburg was formed by the noble court of Sigiberts. The place Chreidorf , the old name of Kraiburg , soon emerged from this . Since the 8th century the place has belonged to the Isengau , which stretched from the Rott to the Alz .
The first count and founder of the county of Kraiburg was Engelbert II from the Spanheim family . It was also he who built a fortified castle ( Burg Kraiburg ) on the strategically favorable mountain cone above the town of Kraiburg . From now on this should be the headquarters of the Counts of Kraiburg.
Engelbert acquired large estates southwest of Passau, in the Rottal and Isengau , through his first marriage with the wealthy heir daughter Utta, daughter of Count Ulrich von Vohburg - Passau († 1099) . Through his second marriage to the widow Adelheid von Lechsgemünd , the wife of the late Marquart von Marquartstein and Hohenstein, he acquired further large estates around Marquartstein in Chiemgau . With this marriage, Engelbert acquired Marquartstein Castle , which was built by Marquart von Marquartstein in 1075.
These possessions formed the majority of the county, which was ruled by Engelbert II. Engelbert appears for the first time as Count of Kraiburg and Marquartstein around 1108 . In the same year Engelbert became Margrave of Istria . For this reason he and his successor called Engelbert III. wrongly also Margrave of Kraiburg and Marquartstein , although the county was not a march of the Holy Roman Empire .
When Engelbert II succeeded his late brother Duke Heinrich IV as Duke of Carinthia in 1124 , he handed over the margraviate of Istria and the county of Kraiburg-Marquartstein to his son Engelbert III. Further possessions, north of Kraiburg, went to his youngest son Rapoto I , who founded the county of Ortenburg from it .
Engelbert III. repeatedly placed himself in the service of the empire and the Catholic faith. So he took part in many diets and in 1135 even at the council in Pisa , where Pope Innocent II awarded him the margraviate of Tuscany . However, he only held this office for one year.
Engelbert died in 1173, widowed and childless. His possessions in Bavaria fell to his younger brother Rapoto I von Ortenburg . This was the ancestor of the Counts of Ortenburg . His lineage, the Spanheimers, and his descendants determined the county and its events from now on. The county of Kraiburg-Marquartstein became part of the Ortenburg'schen possessions with the counties of Ortenburg and the county of Murach . The estates of the House of Ortenburg stretched from Tirschenreuth in the Upper Palatinate over a wide arc to Kitzbühel in Tyrol . Together with the county of Ortenburg, the county of Kraiburg formed the heartland of the Ortenburg domain.
After Rapoto's death in 1186, his possessions fell to his two sons, Rapoto II von Ortenburg and Heinrich I. They divided up their father's possessions. Heinrich got the county of Ortenburg and the county of Murach, Rapoto got the county of Kraiburg-Marquartstein and the possessions in Chiemgau and south of it. This division of ownership of the Ortenburg house should prove to be final. The areas were not reunited after this division.
Rapoto II von Ortenburg, now reigning in Kraiburg, was involved with his brother Heinrich several times in conflicts with the neighbors, the Bishops of Passau , the Dukes of Bavaria and Austria and the King of Bohemia . Duke Ludwig I of Bavaria, Rapotos II's brother-in-law, invaded Kraiburg in 1199 and destroyed the ancestral castle Kraiburg. After the Ortenburgers were guilty of an attack on the diocese of Passau in revenge due to a feud from 1192. After the conflict was settled, Rapoto had the castle rebuilt.
In 1209 Rapoto II was granted the dignity of Palatine Count in the Duchy of Bavaria. Thus he became the deputy of the emperor and the duke in the Duchy of Bavaria. He carried out his office from Kraiburg. The place as well as the entire county benefited economically from this step. Rapoto II was very committed to the expansion of trade in his county and set up a trade network with Kraiburg as the central point.
In 1231 Rapoto II died and his office and dignity fell to his son Count Palatine Rapoto III. from Ortenburg. Under his rule, the Kraiburg Count House was at the zenith of its power. The Kraiburger possessions extended from the Danube over large parts of the Rottal to the right bank of the Inn , from the Alz to the Traun and from the south of the Chiemsee to the Brixental . Furthermore, he had large fiefs in the Salzburg area from the local bishops . The county area was secured by the castles Kraiburg, Trostberg , which Rapoto III. In 1232, Massing , Dachberg, Rotenberg and Griesbach were built .
After Rapoto's death in 1248, Ortenburg's rule over Kraiburg County ended because he had only one daughter. She married Hartmann I. von Werdenberg , who took these possessions for himself. Since then Hartmann has called himself Count Palatine von Kraiburg . In 1259 Hartmann sold the county and all of the possessions of the former Ortenburg-Palatinate Count's house to the Wittelsbach Duke Heinrich XIII. from Lower Bavaria . This annexed the possessions to his duchy, which meant the end for the county.
List of the counting counts
| Surname | Reign | ancestry |
| Engelbert II of Spanheim | 1103–1124 Margrave of Istria and Carniola, 1108–1124 Count of Kraiburg and Marquartstein, 1123–1135 Duke of Carinthia, 1123–1135 Margrave of Verona | Son of Engelbert I. |
| Engelbert III. | 1124–1173 Margrave of Istria, 1124–1173 Count of Kraiburg and Marquartstein, 1135–1136 Margrave of Tuscia | Son of Engelbert II. |
| Rapoto I of Ortenburg | 1134–1186 Count of Ortenburg, 1163–1186 Count of Murach, 1173–1186 Count of Kraiburg and Marquartstein | Son of Engelbert II. |
| Rapoto II of Ortenburg | 1186–1231 Count of Kraiburg and Marquartstein, 1208–1231 Count Palatine of Bavaria | Son of Rapotos I. |
| Rapoto III. from Ortenburg | 1231–1248 Count of Kraiburg and Marquartstein, 1231–1248 Count Palatine of Bavaria | Son of Rapotos II |
| Hartmann I. von Werdenberg | 1248–1259 Count of Kraiburg and Marquartstein | Rudolf I of Werdenberg |
literature
- Friedrich Hausmann : The Counts of Ortenburg and their male ancestors, the Spanheimers in Carinthia, Saxony and Bavaria, as well as their subsidiary lines , published in: Ostbairische Grenzmarken - Passauer Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kunst und Volkskunde, No. 36, Passau 1994
- Helmuth Stahleder: Mühldorf am Inn. The regional courts of Neumarkt, Kraiburg and Mörmoosen and the city of Mühldorf , (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria, Series I, Issue 36), Munich 1976 ( digitized ).
- Eberhard Graf zu Ortenburg-Tambach: History of the imperial, ducal and counts' entire house of Ortenburg - Part 1: The ducal house in Carinthia. , Vilshofen 1932
- Eberhard Graf zu Ortenburg-Tambach: History of the imperial, ducal and counts 'entire house of Ortenburg - Part 2: The counts' house in Bavaria. , Vilshofen 1932