Chiemsee
| Chiemsee | ||
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| Geographical location | Alpine foothills | |
| Tributaries | Tiroler Achen , Prien , Runst , Grabenstätter Mühlbach , Krebsbach , Lohbach , Söller Bach , Mühlbach , Mühlbach , Kleebach , Bauerlbach , Moosbach , Bernauer Achen , Neumühler Bach , Neue Rott , Alte Rott , Überseer Bach | |
| Drain | Alz | |
| Islands | Herreninsel , Fraueninsel , Krautinsel , Schalch | |
| Places on the shore | Prien am Chiemsee , Breitbrunn am Chiemsee , Gstadt am Chiemsee , Seebruck , Chieming , Bernau am Chiemsee , Übersee | |
| Location close to the shore | Rosenheim , Traunstein | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 47 ° 52 ' N , 12 ° 24' E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 518.2 m above sea level NHN | |
| surface | 79.9 km² | |
| length | 13.725 km | |
| width | 9.2 km | |
| volume | 2,047.84 million m³ | |
| scope | 64 km | |
| Maximum depth | 73.4 m | |
| Middle deep | 25.63 m | |
| PH value | 8.3 | |
| Catchment area | 1,398.56 km² | |
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particularities |
third largest German lake |
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| Map of the Chiemgau with the Chiemsee | ||
The Chiemsee [ ˈkiːmzeː ], also known as the Bavarian Sea , is the largest lake in Bavaria with an area of 79.9 km² and the third largest lake in Germany after Lake Constance and Müritz . In Bavaria, however, the Starnberger See has a water volume that is half as large.
The Chiemsee contains 2.048 km³ of water and has a 63.96 km long shoreline; together with the shore length of the islands it is 83 km. The catchment area covers 1,398.56 km², of which 605 km² are in Bavaria. Its islands are the Herreninsel (238 ha), the Fraueninsel (15.5 ha) and the Krautinsel (3.5 ha), which together form the municipality of Chiemsee , as well as the municipality-free island of Schalch (22 m²). It belongs to the homonymous municipality-free area Chiemsee in the district of Traunstein .
etymology
The name of the river was first attested in 790 (copy of the corresponding document from the 12th century). The basic word is the old high German se (o) or seeo for lake, sea, pond or body of water and the final word refers to the settlement name Chieming . The lake is named after the Chieming settlement . The settlement name, in turn, can probably be traced back to the personal name Chiemo , which was provided with the affiliation suffix -ing and in turn can probably be traced back to the Celtic personal name Chemus .
development
Like many other pre-Alpine lakes, the Chiemsee was formed at the end of the Würm glacial period around 10,000 years ago as a glacier excavation ( Zungenbeckensee ). Originally the lake covered an area of almost 240 km², about three times the current water area.
Between 1810 and 2012, the shoreline of the Achen Delta (mouth of the Tiroler Achen ) pushed about 320 hectares north into the lake due to sediment loads. Between 1902 and 1904 the lake level was lowered by 70 cm. This drained large areas.
The Chiemsee, when he to Marquartstein handed
The Chiemsee in 2500 years
The Chiemsee in 5000 years
Lake and surroundings
Inflows and outflows, islands
The largest tributary of the lake is the Tiroler Achen in the southeast, the only outflow is the Alz in the north. Like the Prien and other smaller tributaries, it washes sand and debris into the lake so that it slowly silts up. The deepest area of the Chiemsee (73.4 m) is known as the innocent children's pit . The point at which the lake bottom at 445 m above sea level. NHN reaches down, situated in the center of the lake at 47 ° 52 '49.2 " N , 12 ° 27' 19.2" O .
The landscape around the Chiemsee, the Chiemgau , is one of the most popular recreational areas in Bavaria . The scenic charm of the Chiemsee results from the close proximity of the Chiemgau mountains ( Hochfelln , Hochgern , Hochplatte and Kampenwand ). The lake is under the protection of the international Ramsar Convention .
The lake is best known for two of its three larger islands: The Frauenwörth Abbey , a Benedictine monastery , has been on the Fraueninsel since 772 . Even better known is the Herreninsel , on which there are two castles: a landscape park with the Old Castle (a former monastery) and the Herrenchiemsee New Palace of the “fairy tale king” Ludwig II , which is modeled on the Palace of Versailles . The third island - the herb island - is uninhabited. There are also three very small islands: the Schalch west of the Fraueninsel and two nameless, tree-lined islets 54 and 80 meters south of the Krautinsel, each with a few square meters.
structure
In the west, north of the Herreninsel, the Chiemsee is deeply divided by bays, from west to east they are called Schafwaschener / Aiterbacher Winkel (this includes the Grünmanndl-Winkel in the south ), Kailbacher Winkel and Mühlner Winkel . The larger of the peninsulas protruding into the lake between these bays , Sassau , is 1.8 kilometers long, and the Urfahrn peninsula is a good half that.
The Chiemsee is divided into the larger, open Weitsee in the northeast (with the Chieminger Bay in the east) and the Inselsee in the southwest. Almost the entire water surface of the lake with the tiny island of Schalch and some alluvial islands in the delta of the Tiroler Achen is a community-free area of the district of Traunstein . The border to the district of Rosenheim runs exactly on the west and north-west bank of the lake, but leaves out the small inlet Irschener Winkel of the Bernauer Ache on the southwest corner, which belongs to the municipality of Bernau am Chiemsee, and the Aiterbacher Winkel , the northwestern of the three larger bays mentioned above , which is in the Rimsting district. The municipality of Chiemsee consists of the three larger islands and is thus a three-part circle slave of Rosenheim.
Ownership, entertainment
The lake is owned by the Free State of Bavaria, for whose administration the Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes is responsible.
On November 24, 1989, the circular sewer system around the Chiemsee was opened at a total cost of 280 million DM . Before the construction of the ring canal, around 115 tons of phosphate flowed into the lake every year . The two branches of the 68 km long pipeline meet in Prien . From there, the wastewater is directed to a sewage treatment plant 4.5 kilometers away, then after 9 kilometers it flows into the Inn .
The pollution caused by microplastics in the Chiemsee has been investigated since 2014 .
Sea fluctuations
In 1903 Anton Endrös from Traunstein examined the sea fluctuations of the Chiemsee and presented the results in his dissertation of the Königl. Technical University in Munich . Due to the irregular shape of the surface and the shape of the basin, there are various uninodal to trinodal vibrations. The period ranges from a few minutes to three quarters of an hour. The highest amplitudes occur when thunderstorm fronts pass through , with maximum fluctuations of 30 cm.
The tidal range is 1 mm.
fauna
In the open water area of the lake are Zander , lake trout , rainbow trout , char , whitefish and Danube bleak encountered in the littoral zone pike , eels , Wels , mirror carp , Tench , bream , silver bream , roach , Rudd , hazel , chub (chub), difference ( asp ), Nerfling (Aland), Zährte , Arbor ( bleak ) and minnow . In the bottom zone, there are the great ground vein ( Coregonus ), small ground veneer (Kilch), rodent (burbot), barbel , nose , pearl fish , perch , ruff , bearded goby , loach and head ( bullhead ).
Culture
The Chiemsee has inspired numerous painters as an attractive motif , which is why there are countless works in painting that thematize the Chiemsee and its islands, but also the surrounding area of the Chiemgau . A circle of painters has formed around the Prien painter Paulus, commonly referred to as " Chiemsee painters ". After his death, Paul left his pictures to the congregation, which arranged for a permanent exhibition of his works.
sport and freetime
The lake is also an important recreational area for the surrounding regions.
water sports
In addition to bathing in various places around the lake, sailing is particularly popular on the Chiemsee; In addition, the lake is also used with rowing boats and pedal boats. Motor boats are only allowed with a special permit and under strict conditions; Electric boats, on the other hand, are more common. Just like motor or electric boats, sailing boats with a length of more than 9.20 m or with an auxiliary engine over 4 kW or with living, cooking or sanitary facilities require approval from the Traunstein District Office and a license plate as well as a license agreement under private law with the Bavarian Palace Administration. The same applies analogously to berths on buoys or jetties. Diving is only permitted with the approval of the District Office.
Chiemsee-Rundweg, Chiemsee-Radweg
The circuit of the Chiemsee is possible on various, well-marked paths. The route uses dirt roads, a paved bike path and side roads.
The Chiemsee circular route is a combined cycle and pedestrian route, approx. 57 km long, ideal for leisure cyclists and families. In some places there is a pedestrian promenade reserved for pedestrians .
The Chiemsee cycle path is approx. 55 km long and suitable for normal to sporty cyclists and e-bikes.
Triathlon
At the Chiemsee Triathlon , races on the short and medium distance triathlon have been held here every year since 2012 at the end of June.
photos
Winter aerial view of the Chiemsee
Delta of the Tiroler Achen
Fraueninsel
Sludge entry through the Tiroler Achen
Furchensteine from Chiemsee
The Herreninsel with the Chiemgau mountains
Chiemsee, seen from the Übersee lido
Philatelic
With the issue date July 1, 2015, Deutsche Post AG issued a postage stamp in panorama format and with a face value of 45 euro cents in the stamp series Germany's most beautiful panoramas . The design comes from the graphic artist Olaf Neumann from Iserlohn .
See also
- List of lakes in Bavaria
- List of lakes in Germany
- Chiemsee shipping
- Chiemsee Railway
- Chiemsee Reggae Summer
- Chiemsee Square
literature
- Emmeran Bayberger: The Chiemsee, first part . in: Communications from the Geography Association in Leipzig 1888, pp. 1–77 ( digitized version of the entire newsletter )
- Emmeran Bayberger: The Chiemsee, Second Part . in: Communications from the Geography Association in Leipzig 1889, pp. 1–86 ( digitized version of the entire newsletter )
- Arno Berleb: The shipping on the Chiemsee. Ships and people on the Bavarian Sea . Edition Förg, Rosenheim 2005, ISBN 3-933708-16-8
- Klaus Bovers: The Chiemgau - white-blue and cosmopolitan. Of islands, mountains, people and the sea. 66 favorite spots and 11 alpine pastures. Gmeiner Verlag, Meßkirch 2014, ISBN 978-3-8392162-7-9 .
- Paul Höfling: The Chiemsee fishery. Contribution to their story . Contributions to folk research, Vol. 24, Munich 1987
- Michael Lohmann: Chiemsee nature guide . State Federation for Bird Protection, Prien ²1988.
- Josef Reiter, Wolfgang Dietzen: Nature & Culture Guide Chiemsee . Chiemgauer Verlagshaus, Breitbrunn am Chiemsee 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813620-0-8
Web links
- The Chiemsee on the BayernAtlas. The comparison with the historical map, which can also be selected there, shows the progressive siltation.
- Water Management Office Traunstein: Chiemsee silting up is a natural process: Tiroler Achen transports 300,000 cubic meters of fine sand and suspended matter into the Chiemsee every year
- Chiemsee on the website of the Bavarian Palace Administration
- Bavarian Shipping Regulations (PDF; 172 kB) Flyer of the Bavarian Water Police
- Ring channel
- Depth map of the Chiemsee by Anton Endrös (1906)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Documentation of the condition and development of the most important lakes in Germany: Part 11 Bavaria (PDF; 1.7 MB)
- ↑ cf. Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Bavarian Place Names: Origin and Meaning: Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz, Munich: Beck, 2006, p. 55 ISBN 9783406552069 .
- ↑ WWA Traunstein: Chiemseekonferenz 2014 - Landing of the Chiemsee PDF 4MB
- ↑ Wolfgang Dietzen: Nature and Culture Guide Chiemsee , p. 14
- ↑ Martin Müller: Researchers find a lot of microplastics in Bavarian lakes. In: nordbayern.de. October 29, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019 .
- Jump up ↑ Anton Endrös: Seeschwenken (Seiches) observed at Chiemsee. Dissertation at the K. Technical University in Munich. Traunstein, 1903.
- ↑ giz.wettzell.de: Walter Züm: Gezeiten are everywhere, p. 12 ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Chiemseeagenda, Chiemsee circular and cycle path route descriptions
- ↑ Chiemseeagenda, Chiemsee circular and cycle path route map , PDF (700KB)
- ↑ Fachbach and Herlbauer win Chiemsee triathlon