Counts of Dillingen
The Counts of Dillingen were an old Swabian noble family . It came from the Hupaldinger family, whose ancestral home was in Wittislingen . These settled in the 9./10. Century in the castle they built in Dillingen on the Danube and called themselves Counts of Dillingen.
Creation of the county of Dillingen
After the Franconian kings smashed the Alemannic duchy around 746/48, they divided the area into counties ( comitatus ) and appointed counts ( comes ) to manage it . The count was rewarded for the duration of his office through a fief . Office and fiefdom became hereditary over time.
The county district of the Counts of Dillingen emerged in the second half of the 8th century at the latest and roughly encompassed the stretch of land between the foothills of the Jura and the Danube , perhaps with partial inclusion of the southern bank of the Danube. Its east-west extension stretched between Gundelfingen and Donauwörth . The Nordfelder Hof, located south of the Danube, was an old property of the later Counts of Dillingen.
The county was administered from Wittislingen, the ancestral seat of the later Hupaldingers and ancestors of the Counts of Dillingen. Because of the valuable grave goods, which in the so-called Witt Islinger royal grave were found, it is assumed that Wittislingen one already in the 7th century seat high noble family was and that a descendant of this family, the office of count has been transferred.
Applies, the Dietpirch with, presumably a cousin of; this office practiced well since the 9th century the Hucpaldinger or Hupaldinger out, I as their ancestor Hucpald or Hupald († 910 * to 865) Duke of Swabia Burchard I. was married . Their son Dietpald I, who administered several counties and who died in the battle on the Lechfeld in 955 , built the first castle in Dillingen, near an easily passable Danube crossing. After Dietpald's death, Emperor Otto I enfeoffed his son Richwin with his father's counties.
Ulrich von Augsburg , the brother of Dietpald I , stayed in the castle in Dillingen at Easter 973. This emerges from the Vita of St. Ulrich written by the Augsburg Cathedral in 992 , in which Wittislingen ("Witegislinga") and Dillingen ("Dilinga") ) are mentioned for the first time. It proves that the counts no longer had their seat in Wittislingen, but in castellum Dilinga . The Hupaldinger comites de Dilinga , Counts of Dillingen, named themselves after this castle , as they are first attested in a document from 1111.
In the first half of the 12th century, the castle Dillinger became a powerful fortress with two mountain peace and a palace built in the middle. In 1220 a castrum Dilingin is mentioned.
Hartmann I.
The first Count of Dillingen, Hartmann I , was the son of Hupald IV († 1074) and his wife Adelheid. He was born shortly after 1040 and married Adelheid von Winterthur around 1065 . Through this marriage, the Counts of Dillingen came into the possession of the County of Kiburg or Kyburg . Hartmann and Adelheid had six children, three sons (Hartmann II, Adalbert I and Ulrich) and three daughters (Mathilde, Adelheid and Hedwig).
With the establishment of the Neresheim Monastery on his Neresheim Castle in 1095, Hartmann promoted the settlement and cultivation of the Härtsfeldes . The abbey, which was founded shortly before the First Crusade , in which he or his son participated, became the home monastery and burial place of the Counts of Dillingen. It was consecrated to the diocese saints Ulrich and Afra and settled with Benedictine monks from the Petershausen monastery on Lake Constance.
The daughter Mathilde became abbess of the Neresheim monastery. After the death of her husband Ulrich von Gammertingen , the second daughter Adelheid had the Zwiefalten monastery built, which she herself and later her sister Hedwig also entered. Count Hartmann I also retired as a monk to Neresheim towards the end of his life, where he died in 1121. Like his wife Adelheid, who had died in 1118, he was buried in Neresheim. Two epitaphs still remember the founder of the abbey today.
The son Ulrich was appointed by Emperor Heinrich V to succeed the Bishop of Constance Gebhard von Zähringen in 1111 , but was not consecrated until later. He founded the Augustinian canons of St. Ulrich and Afra in Kreuzlingen.
Hartmann II. And Adalbert I.
Under the two brothers Hartmann II. And Adalbert I, the power and influence of the Dillinger counts reached their greatest extent. Hartmann II is probably identical to Count Hartmann von Gerhausen bei Blaubeuren , who built Hohengerhausen Castle . In the annals of Neresheim he is referred to as Hartmann the Younger, Count zu Dillingen and Kyburg. Like his father, he spent the last part of his life as a monk in Neresheim, where he died in 1134 without any male descendants.
His brother Adalbert, who was probably born before 1080, increased the property in what is now northern Switzerland through his marriage to Mathilde or Mechthilt von Mörsberg and participated in the dispute between Guelphs and Staufers . Presumably he had been entrusted with the management of the Kyburg estates, as he is always referred to as Count von Kyburg in documents. After the death of his brother Hartmann, he combined his father's inheritance and probably also resided in Dillingen. He died in 1151 and became the ancestor of two lines of the Dillingen counts, the Counts of Dillingen (younger tribe from 1180) and the Counts of Kyburg from the House of Dillingen (younger tribe from 1180).
His wife ended her life as a nun in Neresheim. His inheritance fell to his two sons Adalbert II and Hartmann III.
Adalbert II. And Hartmann III.
Through his marriage to Richenza, the daughter of Count Arnold von Baden, Hartmann III. increase his property, power and reputation considerably after the death of his father-in-law through the Lenzburg inheritance. Richenza, who died early, probably around 1170, was buried in the Beromünster monastery . He increased the value of his new possessions by founding cities that he had planned to create (1178 Diessenhofen , 1180 Winterthur , perhaps also Frauenfeld in the late 12th century). After the death of his brother Adalbert II († 1170), he united the Swabian and today's Switzerland possessions for ten years. Hartmann III. died in the second half of 1180. In the Neresheim annals he is referred to as Count von Dillingen, Count von Kyburg and Vogt of the Neresheim monastery. After his death, the two lines separated again. His son Adalbert III. continued the Dillinger line, his son Ulrich the Kyburger line.
Adalbert III.
Adalbert III. was married to a daughter of Otto I , the first Duke of the Wittelsbach family, who was probably named Heilica. In 1189/90 Adalbert took part in the Third Crusade with Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa, accompanied by his brother Ulrich von Kyburg . After the death of Emperor Heinrich VI. he was on the side of Duke Philip of Swabia , who was murdered in 1208 by Count Palatine Otto VIII von Wittelsbach , a cousin of his wife. In 1211 Adalbert founded the Oberschönenfeld monastery near Augsburg and made it subordinate to the Cistercian monastery in Kaisheim . He died in 1214. One son and four daughters are attested from his marriage to Heilica. His daughter Sophia became the prioress of the Dominican convent Maria Medingen , which was founded by Hartmann IV, her brother.
Hartmann IV.
The son of Adalbert III. was born in 1204. He experienced the end of the reign of Friedrich Barbarossa, the short epoch under Heinrich VI., The double kingship under Philip of Swabia and the Guelph Otto IV. , The rule of Friedrich II. And the first years of Conrad IV's reign . Hartmann appears in various documents IV. In appearance as a witness of Frederick II. A document from 1214 mentions him with the title "marchio de Dilingen" (Margrave of Dillingen). Hartmann is mentioned even more frequently, especially in the years 1225 to 1228, on documents from Heinrich VII. , Son and co-king of Friedrich II. When Heinrich turned away from his guardian, the Bavarian Duke Ludwig I , the Kelheimer, there was also a break with the Count von Dillingen, who took the side of the Bavarian Duke, his uncle. This change of sides worked to the advantage of Hartmann and he stood on the side of the emperor when he dethroned his son in Worms in 1235 and had him imprisoned. Hartmann was also in Friedrich's entourage when he was in Augsburg in the late autumn of 1235.
Through the marriage of a daughter of Otto II of Bavaria to the later King Konrad IV, the Counts of Dillingen came into a family relationship with the emperor's family. Hartmann IV accompanied the emperor on the punitive expedition against the Babenberg Frederick the Quarrelsome and attested to several documents, including the one in which the city of Vienna was subordinated to the Reich.
As a result of the concessions that Frederick II had granted the princes in the Statutum in favorem principum in 1231 , the kingship in the domain of the Counts of Dillingen waived the exercise of various sovereign rights. . Hartmann IV expanded the painted around the castle in Dillingen settlement in which he the sovereign rights of the reason - and rulers exercised. He had the place fortified, court held, tariffs raised, market held. He also had coins minted, probably in Ulm , where he had similar sovereign rights.
According to tradition, he founded the Franciscan convent in Dillingen in 1241 and probably also the Dominican convent. Even before 1239 Hartmann IV founded the Dominican convent Maria Medingen in Mödingen. Hartmann IV sold an estate in Wettingen to the noble Heinrich von Rapperswil in order to found a Cistercian monastery . The Marienkapelle in Wettingen became the burial place of one of his sons and other members of his family. He also made generous donations to the monasteries of Kaisheim , Neresheim and other monasteries.
The county's possessions were widely scattered and consisted of allodial property , fiefdoms and bailiwicks . In Ulm, the Count of Dillingen was imperial bailiff. The knights of Söflingen and von Wittislingen held court offices based on the model of the royal court, the former as a dinner , the latter as a gift .
After the emperor was deposed by Pope Innocent IV at the Council of Lyon in 1245, Hartmann IV turned away from Emperor Friedrich II and King Conrad IV in 1246 with the Swabian counts Ulrich I of Württemberg and Hartmann II of Grüningen and supported the opposing king Heinrich Raspe . This led to armed conflicts with Conrad IV, who invaded the county of Dillingen in 1246, 1247 and 1249 and burned down Neresheim. After the death of Konrad IV, a Swabian country peace was concluded in Urach in 1254 and Konrad's underage son Konradin was assured the Duchy of Swabia in return for renouncing the royal crown.
Hartmann IV was married to Willibirg (or Willibirgis), who came from a noble family (the Counts of Württemberg or the noble free von Truhendingen ). Although at least eight children emerged from this marriage, with Hartmut IV the dynasty of the Counts of Dillingen died out.
Adalbert IV.
The last Count of Dillingen was Adalbert (Adelbert or Albert) IV., The son of Hartmann IV. And his wife Willibirgis. His name first appears in a document in 1238. In a document from 1255 he is referred to as "illustris nunc comes de Dilingen". He was given the office of Count while his father was still alive, but before whom he died childless in 1257. After his death, the fiefdom fell back to the empire and Richard of Cornwall , from 1257 to 1272 Roman-German king, enfeoffed the Bavarian Duke Ludwig the Strict in 1261 with all of the imperial fiefs of Albertus de Dylon (Albert von Dillingen).
Line extinction
Aware of the dynasty's extinction, Hartmann IV and his youngest son Hartmann V donated part of their possessions near Dillingen and Wittislingen to the Dillinger Spital they founded in 1237. The last male descendant of the Counts of Dillingen was Hartmann V. († 1286), the only surviving son of Hartmann IV. He was bishop of Augsburg from 1248 to 1286 and in 1258 donated the castle and town to the monastery of Augsburg .
By marrying Countess Willibirg von Dillingen, the Counts of Helfenstein came into large parts of the possessions of the Counts of Dillingen. The name Grafschaft Dillingen only appears in documents from the 14th century after the dynasty of the Counts of Dillingen died out.
Personalities
- Hucpald or Hupald I. († 909)
- Dietpald I. († 955)
- Hupald IV († 1074)
- Hartmann I. († 1121)
- Hartmann II. († 1134)
- Adalbert I. († 1151)
- Adalbert II († 1170)
- Hartmann III. († 1180)
- Adalbert III. († 1214)
- Hartmann IV of Dillingen († 1258)
- Adalbert IV. († 1257)
literature
- Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present . 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 , pp. 141-142.
- District and city of Dillingen then and now . District Office Dillingen an der Donau (Ed.), Dillingen an der Donau 1967.
- The district of Dillingen ad Donau, past and present . 3rd revised edition, Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau (Ed.), Dillingen an der Donau 2005.
Web links
- Foundations or Medieval Genalogy: Swabian Nobility. Ch. 12A Counts of Dillingen
- Friedrich Zoepfl: Dillingen. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 720 ( digitized version ).
- Paul Kläui : Hartmann I., Count of Dillingen-Kyburg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 726 ( digitized version ).
- Adolf Layer : The Counts of Dillingen . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association Dillingen an der Donau, Vol. 75, Dillingen 1973.
Individual evidence
- ^ Heinz Bühler: The ancestors of Bishop Ulrich von Augsburg (923-973) . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association Dillingen an der Donau, Vol. 75, Dillingen 1973
- ^ Gerhard von Augsburg: Vita sancti Uodalrici: the oldest description of the life of St. Ulrich . University Press C. Winter (Editiones Heidelbergenses; 24), Heidelberg 1993, ISBN 3-8253-0018-8
- ^ Friedrich Zoepfl : Hartmann Graf von Dillingen. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 724 f. ( Digitized version ).