Ulrich I of Kyburg-Dillingen

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Ulrich I von Kyburg-Dillingen (* unknown; † August 27, 1127 in the St. Märgen Monastery ) was Bishop of Constance from 1111 to 1127.

Life

Ulrich I. von Kyburg-Dillingen was a younger son of Count Hartmann I. von Dillingen and Adelheid von Winterthur, daughter of Count Adalbert II. Von Winterthur . It is possible that Ulrich received his priestly training from the Augustinian Canons in Marbach Abbey in Alsace . In 1111 he was appointed bishop of Constance by Emperor Heinrich V on his own authority , but he remained unconsecrated for the first eight years of his term of office, held the office only as an elect and could only be officially ordained bishop by the Archbishop of Milan after the death of Pope Paschal II (1118) receive.

Construction of the episcopal castle Castell

Around the year 1120 Ulrich I had the castle Castell, the first hilltop castle of the Constance bishops built in the immediate vicinity of the episcopal city of Constance. This was only a few kilometers southwest of Konstanz on the slope of the Seerücken on the old road that led from Zurich and Pfyn to Konstanz. Ulrich I probably wanted to create a well-fortified seat outside of Constance for himself and his successors, so that he would be less dependent on the goodwill of the Constance citizens in times of crisis. The fact that two castle chapels with paneled ceilings were built on top of each other also suggests that Castell Castle should actually become a second residence.

The canonization of Bishop Konrad

Gilded Konrad disc from the east gable of the Konstanz Minster (12th / 13th century)
The Constance diocesan patron, Konrad (left; with his attribute, the chalice with a spider), Maria and Pelagius on a missal from 1505.

Bishop Ulrich I was also at the forefront of the canonization of Konrad von Konstanz in 1123 , who had been Bishop of Konstanz from 935 to 976. In addition to the "Roman" Pelagius , Ulrich I wanted to establish a "local" saint for the episcopal city and the diocese.

Konrad offered himself because after his death there was at least local veneration. In 1089 Ulrich's predecessor, Bishop Gebhard III. (1084–1110), the bones of Konrad were brought from the Mauritius rotunda to the newly built cathedral church, but this translation had no further effects. Ulrich was the first to consistently canonize Konrad and had the monk Udalschalk , who had to leave Augsburg as a result of the turmoil of the investiture dispute , which was almost over , write down a Vita Konradi .

This vitae of the saints , which in the second book also contains reports on miraculous healings and salvations proceeding from the saint, was presented to Pope Kalixt II (1119–1124) in Rome together with a letter from the Bishop of Constance, the Petitio for Canonization . Udalschalk's trip to Rome can be dated to spring 1123. The third book of Vita Konradi , written down by Udalschalk only afterwards, reports how at the Second Lateran Council (March 1123) the decision was made in favor of the canonization of Konrad, and cites the papal letter to Bishop Ulrich of March 28, 1123, which has also been preserved in the original was thus free to raise the bones of Konrad of Constance.

The “real” canonization took place at the magnus conventus , the “great gathering” in Constance at the end of November 1123, when three dukes, many counts, clergy, abbots and monks and many believers attended on November 26th, the day of death of the saint, the bones of the saint were reburied in a new shrine in an elaborate liturgical celebration and exposed to veneration. However, the Constance relics were destroyed during the Reformation . The high grave of Konrad with a life-size full-body relief can be found in the Konradi Chapel in the Konstanz Minster .

The foundation of the Augustinian canons of Kreuzlingen

Saint Konrad von Konstanz had brought a cross particle with him from one of his three trips to Jerusalem , which he gave to a hospital in the suburb of Stadelhofen that he had donated. That is why this facility was given the name Crucelin (Crucis Lignum = wood from the cross), which later led to the name Crucelingen and Creuzlingen.

However, after Konrad's death, this hospital soon seems to have fallen into disrepair. In the previously mentioned “Vita Konradi”, it is described by the monk Udalschalk as “dilapidated with age”. In a document from Emperor Heinrich V from 1125, the hospital is even described as "partially destroyed" and the negligence of some of the successors of Bishop Konrad is held responsible.

St. Ulrich and St. Afra, monastery church of the former Augustinian monastery in Kreuzlingen

The first festival in honor of St. Conrad in 1123 gave Ulrich I the opportunity to re-establish the Crucelin Hospital. First he donated a church in the open field on the eastern border of the Konstanz suburb of Stadelhofen in honor of St. Ulrich , Bishop of Augsburg (923–973) and St. Afra . Then he united the church with the hospital and transferred its management no later than 1125 to the Augustinian canons of St. Ulrich and St. Afra zu Kreuzlingen (today Canton Thurgau , Switzerland ). This double patronage is a typical Augsburg patronage. Bishop Ulrich I chose it because he came from the same family as Saint Ulrich of Augsburg . The Neresheim Abbey in Neresheim , built by Ulrich's family as an Augustinian canon monastery, was consecrated to Ulrich and Afra . In addition, the monk Udalschalk lived in the Augsburg monastery of St. Ulrich and Afra before he entered Ulrich's service as chaplain .

The Kreuzlinger Augustinian Canons' Monastery was a community of priests (not monks ) who lived according to the rules of St. Augustine and were led by a provost .

As an economic basis, the new monastery received extensive estates from the southern German ducal families, the Welfs , the Zähringer and the Staufer . Ulrich I contributed other goods from his private property and from bishop income. The legal safeguarding of the new foundation had already taken place at the beginning of 1125 by Emperor Heinrich V , while Pope Honorius II gave the spiritual approval for a pen and hospital run according to the Augustinian rules at the end of the same year.

literature

predecessor Office successor
Gebhard III. Bishop of Constance
1111–1127 		Ulrich II of Constance
personal data
SURNAME Ulrich von Kyburg-Dillingen
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kyburg-Dillingen, Ulrich I. von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Constance
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century
DATE OF DEATH August 27, 1127
Place of death St. Märgen