Nýrsko

Nýrsko
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Plzeňský kraj
District :	Klatovy
Area :	3150.6632 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 18 ' N , 13 ° 8' E Coordinates: 49 ° 17 '32 " N , 13 ° 8' 26" E
Height:	452 m nm
Residents :	4,920 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	340 22-340 23
License plate :	P
traffic
Street:	Domažlice - Železná Ruda
Railway connection:	Plzeň – Železná Ruda
structure
Status:	city
Districts:	7th
administration
Mayor :	Miloslav Rubáš (as of 2014)
Address:	Náměstí 122 ; 340 22 Nýrsko
Municipality number:	556831
Website :	www.sumavanet.cz/nyrsko

Church of St. Thomas

museum

town hall

Nýrsko (German Neuern ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located 17 kilometers southwest of Klatovy and belongs to the Okres Klatovy .

geography

Nýrsko is located north of the Küni Mountains in a wide basin of the Úhlava ( Angel ), which forms the transition to three landscape units; the Janovický úval ( Janowitz Valley ) extends to the north , the Strážovská vrchovina ( Drosauer Uplands ) to the east and the Všerubská vrchovina ( Neumark Uplands ) to the west . To the northeast rises the Na Porovnání (639 m), to the east the Želivský vrch ( timber , 770 m), southeast the Křížový vrch ( Kreuzberg , 810 m), in the southwest the Hraničář ( Rantscher , 833 m), west the Kameňák ( stone forest , 751 m) and Lišák ( Plattenberg , 710 m) as well as in the northwest of the Jezvinec ( Gewintzyberg , 739 m), the Orlovická hora (723 m) and the Havranice (665 m). To the south lies the Nýrsko reservoir . In Nýrsko the state road II / 191 between Klatovy and Lam crosses with the II / 190 between Železná Ruda and Všeruby ; the town is also the starting point for road II / 192 to Kdyně . The Plzeň – Železná Ruda railway runs on the eastern edge of the city .

Neighboring towns are Dvorce na Strání, Hadrava, Nové Pocinovice ( Neu Putzeried ) and Úborsko in the north, Bystřice nad Úhlavou ( Bistritz an der Angel ), Starý Láz ( Starlitz ) and Blata ( Haslau ) in the northeast, Hodousice ( Holletitz ), Žiznětice, U Weinbauerů and Želiv in the east, U Malátů, Dešenice and Milence ( Milik ) in the southeast, Zelená Lhota ( green ), Pajrek ( Bayereck ), Horní Polánky and Stará Lhota ( Freyhöls ) in the south, Suchý Kámen ( Dörrstein ), Skelná Huť ( glassworks) ) and Uhliště in the southwest, U Kopačků and Chudenín ( Chudiwa ) in the west and the Liščí ( Fuchsberg ), Pláně ( Plöss ), Hyršov ( Hirschau ), Chalupy ( Friedrichsthal ), Na Dvorcích and Orlovice in the northwest.

history

Nýrsko was probably built in the 12th century as a fortified border settlement with a customs and toll station at a ford of the German path through the Úhlava, leading from Bohemia through the forests of the Küni Mountains to Neukirchen bei Heiligen Blut in Bavaria . In the 13th century a fortified church was built on the hill on the right side above the Úhlava , which served as a refuge for the residents of the area. Below this a market settlement was formed. The first written mention of Nýrsko took place in 1327 in the course of the pledge of the Künischen Mountains by King John of Luxembourg to Peter von Rosenberg , whereby the customs revenue of Nýrsko was listed as the lords of Janowitz. Around 1339, the owner of the Bystřice nad Úhlavou estate, Sezema von Dolany, 600 m north of (Horní) Nýrsko, had the town of Dolní Nýrsko built on his territory around a large rectangular market place. Before 1356, the Lords of Janowitz had the Bayereck Castle built south of Nýrsko in the Künischen Mountains , to whose rule Horní Nýrsko from then on belonged. In 1429 King Sigismund left the Künische Gebirge, including the customs duties in Nýrsko and Hamry, to Bohuslaus von Riesenberg ; the lords of Riesenberg held the property for almost a century. After the lost battle at Taus , parts of the crusader army fled from the Hussites via Nýrsko to Bavaria in August 1431 . During the revolt of the Grünberger Alliance against King Georg von Podiebrad in 1467, an attack by Ludwig IX. Army deployed by Bavaria-Landshut in Bohemia and devastated Bayereck Castle. Under the leadership of Ratzek von Janowitz auf Bayereck, the royal combat readiness with the support of Tauser and Prague troops brought the Bavarian army a crushing defeat on September 22nd, 1467 in the Úhlava swamps near Nýrko. The oldest Dolní Nýrsko seal comes from the end of the 15th century; it showed a tower with the inscription Sigillum civium de Nira inferiorit . In 1524 Johann Kotz von Dobrz acquired the Bayereck rule and added it to his Bystřice nad Úhlavou rule. This also made Horní Nýrsko subordinate to Bystřice nad Úhlavou. Between 1579 and 1593 Nýrsko belonged to the Bohemian customs posts for the export of wine, wheat, malting barley and horses. In 1593, King Rudolf II elevated the towns of Dolní Nýrsko and Horní Nýrsko to the town of Nýrsko and, at the request of Johann Kotz von Dobrz, granted them privileges for two annual markets and one weekly market. Both towns, which were subject to protection, were henceforth administered by a communal town judge and had a common coat of arms. King Ferdinand III. In 1652, in support of the Thirty Years' War, gave the town of Nýrsko the bridge money raised on the Úhlava Bridge in Dolní Nýrsko for carts and cattle. In 1677 Nýrsko was granted the privilege to extract salt for its own use from the royal salt stores in the town. In 1683 the city received blood jurisdiction . The first mention of a school comes from 1685. At the beginning of the 18th century, the building master Marco Antonio Gilmetti built the branch church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers in Unter Neuern ( Dolní Nýrsko ) at the instigation and expense of the citizens . The following owners were until 1720 Peter Kotz von Dobrz and then Dionysius Kotz von Dobrz. The latter sold the Bistritz rule in the 1750s to Karl Joseph Reichsgraf von Palm-Gundelfingen . In 1782 Unter Neuern lost the right to staple salt because of the sale of salt to the outside world . After a lightning strike, the Jewish ghetto in Unter Neuern burned down in 1798. Unter Neuern was also referred to as Stadtl am Sand and Ober Neuern as Gränzstadtl . In 1814 Karl Joseph's son Karl Joseph Franz, Prince of Palm-Gundelfingen inherited the rule of Bistritz.

In 1837 the small town of Unter-Neuern or Dolnj Negrsko, on both sides of the Angel on the road to Neumark , consisted of 120 houses with 825 German-speaking residents; the Jewish ghetto comprised 18 Israelite houses in which 24 Jewish families lived. In Unter-Neuern there was a branch church to the Fourteen Helpers in Need, a synagogue, a parish hall, an official hospital, a paper mill , a fulling mill , a brickworks and four inns. The small town of Ober-Neuern or Hornj Negrsko on the right of the Angel on the road to Deschenitz consisted of 48 houses with 425 German-speaking residents; Two Jewish families lived in the only Israelite house. The parish church of the Apostle Thomas, the parish and the school were under the patronage of the authorities in Ober-Neuern. There were also two taverns and a five-course mill with a board saw in Ober-Neuern. Ober-Neuern was the parish for Unter-Neuern, Bistritz ( Bystřice nad Úhlavou ), Starlitz ( Starý Láz ), Hoslau ( Blata ), Holletitz ( Hodousice ), Millik ( Milence ), Freihöls ( Stará Lhota ), rear houses ( Zadní Chalupy ), Glassworks ( Skelná Huť ), Kolheim ( Uhliště ) and Dörstein ( Suchý Kámen ). The agricultural area of the communal town of Neuern comprised 1030 yoke 834 square fathoms . The residents lived from agriculture and some handicrafts. The Jewish residents mainly traded in bed springs. In Neuern there were 75 craft businesses, ten general goods dealers, 18 peddlers and 49 market traders. In 1839, Karl Joseph Franz, Prince of Palm-Gundelfingen, sold the Bistritz estate to the Hohenzollern family . Until the middle of the 19th century, Unter-Neuern and Ober-Neuern remained subject to the allodial rule of Bistritz.

After the abolition of patrimonial , Unter Neuern and Ober Neuern were united in 1850 to form the municipality of Neuern / Nýrsko in the judicial district of Neuern. Neuern became the seat of a district court. In 1861, the city was seriously damaged by several fires. From 1868 the city belonged to the Klattau district . On September 20, 1876, the Pilsen – Neuern railway line , which was built by the privileged Royal Royal Railway Pilsen – Priesen , was opened. After the completion of the Spitzberg tunnel , the route was extended to Markt Eisenstein exactly one year later, thus creating a connection to the Bavarian railway to Deggendorf and Plattling . Unter Neuern and Ober Neuern grew together into one unit in the second half of the 19th century. In 1880 a land register was created with uniform numbering for completely new people, which also went hand in hand with the abolition of the division of the city into the districts of Unter Neuern and Ober Neuern. At that time the city had 1,588 inhabitants. The main sources of income were matchmaking, the spring trade and glass cutting. At the end of the 19th century, industrial companies settled in Neuern. In 1895 the Optische Fabrik W. Eckstein & Co. moved its headquarters from Vienna to Neuern. In 1902 the Forken und Schaufelfabrik S. Bernt was built at Neuern station. In addition, a factory by M. Joss & Löwenstein was built in Neuern . In 1930, 3230 people lived in the 505 houses of Neuern, including 288 Czechs. After the Munich Agreement , Neuern was annexed to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Markt Eisenstein district between 1939 and 1945 . In 1939 the city had 3443 inhabitants. Shortly before the end of the Second World War, three residents of Neuern are said to have been shot on the orders of Hubert Leclaire . On May 3, 1945, the 3rd US Army occupied the city. A mass grave with 112 victims of an SS death march from the final phase of World War II is located in the town's cemetery . Most of the German-speaking residents were expelled in 1945. On May 22, 1947 Nýrsko had 2559 inhabitants. In the second half of the 20th century, the city was expanded to include new housing developments. In 1961 Stará Lhota was incorporated. In 1974 the Church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers was demolished. On July 1, 1975 Hodousice (with Blata) and on January 1, 1976 Bystřice nad Úhlavou was incorporated. At the beginning of 1980, Zelená Lhota was incorporated. After the opening of the state border with Germany and the restoration of road connections after the fall of the Iron Curtain, Nýrsko became a holiday resort and center of tourism in the northern part of the Bohemian Forest. The most important company is Okula Nýrsko, which emerged from the W. Eckstein & Co. factory .

Community structure

The town of Nýrsko consists of the districts and cadastral districts of Blata ( Hoslau ), Bystřice nad Úhlavou ( Bistritz an der Angel ), Hodousice ( Holletitz ), Nýrsko ( Neuern ), Stará Lhota ( Freihöls ), Starý Láz ( Starlitz ) and Zelená Lhota ( Grün) ). Basic settlement units are Blata, Bystřice nad Úhlavou, Hodousice, Nýrsko, Stará Lhota, Starý Láz, Zelená Lhota and Zelená Lhota-u nádraží. Nýrsko to also include the monolayer Dolni Špátův Dvůr ( sub Spatenhof ) Horni Polánky, Horni Špátův Dvůr ( upper Spatenhof ), Na Lesní Louce, Na Sedle, Na Vrchu, Pajrek ( Bayereck ) and U Kopačků.

Town twinning

Nýrsko has partnerships with

Kitzingen , Germany

Attractions

Former town hall, the renaissance building from 1684 was used as an inn after the construction of the new town hall; today it houses the Museum of the Künischen Mountains. The coats of arms of Messrs. Kotz von Dobrz and Karl von Swarow are on the gable building.
Gothic church of St. Thomas, it was probably built as a fortified church in the 13th century and was first mentioned in 1352. The Lady Chapel was added in the 18th century under Dionys Kotz von Dobrz. When the church was redesigned in 1907, the young, still unknown Ferdinand Staeger created the frescoes.
Statue of St. Johannes Nepomuk in front of the stairs to the Church of St. Thomas, the sculpture created in 1736 was in front of the demolished Church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers in Unter Neuern.
Former Jewish Ghetto (Rybářská ulice) in Dolní Nýrsko
Jewish cemetery from 1430, southeast of Nýrsko
Ruins of Pajrek Castle , two kilometers south of Nýrsko
Bystřice nad Úhlavou Castle
Forest Theater, south of the city; it was built in 1935