Cham-Further Valley

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Cham-Further Valley
surface 266 km²
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Main unit group 40 →
Upper Palatinate-Bavarian Forest
4th order region
(main unit)		 402 →
Cham-Further Senke
Natural area characteristics
Landscape type Lowland , hill country
Highest peak Dieberg ( 638  m )
Geographical location
Coordinates 49 ° 15 '4.4 "  N , 12 ° 45' 22.8"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 15 '4.4 "  N , 12 ° 45' 22.8"  E
Cham-Further Senke (Bavaria)
Cham-Further Valley
Location Cham-Further Senke
state Bavaria
The Cham-Further Senke near Furth in the forest

The Cham-Further Senke ( Všerubská vrchovina in Czech ) is a lowland in the Upper Palatinate-Bavarian Forest that separates the Upper Palatinate Forest from the Bavarian Forest . At the same time, it connects the Upper Palatinate with Bohemia .

According to the Handbook of Natural Spatial Structure of Germany, the German share has an area of ​​322.5 km², according to the BfN profiles 281 km² * and according to the Bavarian LfU an area of ​​263.74 ² without the 2.26 km² of Dieberg , the LfU already classifies as a peninsula-like foothills of the rear Bavarian Forest . In the lowland from Cham to the state border it takes a length of 20 km in northeast direction, the longest extension from the rain floodplain north of Roding in the extreme west-southwest to the state border to the east-northeast is around 40 km. The Czech part covers 206 km².

Natural structure

According to the detailed breakdown of 1: 200,000 on sheet 165 Cham , the depression is structured as follows:

In contrast , a division of the main unit carried out by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU) in the 2000s only divides it into two partial landscapes, with the Dieberg (402.7) and the Buchberg (in 402.3) being included in the Upper Upper Palatinate Forest (400), the unit 402.5 to the rain basin (404) and the gabbro mountains from 402.8 together with the Hohen Bogen and the Künischer Gebirge form a unit of the rear Bavarian Forest (403):

  • 402 Cham-Further Senke
    • 402-A Regen-Chamb-Aue [≈ 402.0 + 402.1 + lowlands from 402.4 and 402.6 (only a small proportion)] - 81.22 km²
    • 402-B Cham-Further-Hügelland [≈ 402.2 + 402.3 (without Buchberg) + higher parts of 402.4 + 402.6] - 182.52 km²

Other authors subdivide the lowland into the Cham basin in the west at an altitude of 360 to 400 meters, which extends from Roding to approximately Arnschwang , and the smaller Further Depression in the east, which extends over to Bohemia at an altitude of 400 to 500 meters. According to this interpretation, the Further Senke is bounded in the east by the European main watershed . The highest point is the Kameňák ( stone forest , 751 m) near Svatá Kateřina ( St. Katharina ).

Geology and landscape characteristics

The geologically old depression is filled with Pleistocene and alluvial sediments and is drained by the Chamb and Regen rivers and their tributaries. These meander in the poor, hilly area.

In the Cham basin, gneiss and granite predominate, in the Further Basin, on the other hand, the melanocratic rocks of the gabbro - amphibolite mass. The climate is warmer and drier than that of the mountain framing, but the winter is relatively cold and often characterized by the boom wind .

The hilltops of the typical agricultural landscape are covered with forest islands made of spruce and pine. While the Cham basin has been inhabited almost continuously since the Stone Age , the Further Senke was not fully developed until the High Middle Ages . Agriculture dominates , followed by grassland use .

The Cham-Further Senke has always been of great importance as a traffic route between Bavaria and Bohemia. With Castle Cham, built around 976, the eastern border of the empire was secured there. Due to its supraregional importance, the valley was disputed between the Bohemian kingdom and the duchy of Bavaria in the early modern period , which led to various border agreements in 1564, 1580 and finally 1764. Today the area is part of the Upper Bavarian Forest Nature Park .

During the Cold War , the Cham-Further Depression, located directly on the Iron Curtain (the border with Czechoslovakia ), was of strategic importance as it was viewed by NATO as a gateway in the event of an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops .

Web links

literature

  • Volker Voggenreiter: Geobotanical investigations in the Cham-Further depression and its montane edge heights , in: Hoppea. Memoranda of the Regensburg Botanical Society , XXVIII. Vol. New Series XXII. Vol., Part II, Regensburg 1971.
  • Taku Minagawa: Border Conflicts between Bohemia and Bavaria and Their Solutions. Comparative Considerations . In: Marco Bellabarba, Hannes Obermair , Hitomi Sato (eds.): Communities and Conflicts in the Alps from the Late Middle Ages to Early Modernity (=  Annali dell'Istituto storico italo-germanico in Trento. Vol. 30 ). Il Mulino-Duncker & Humblot, Bologna-Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-88-15-25383-5 , pp. 73-90 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Natural areas of the main unit group 40 in the Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government -  Upper Palatinate-Bavarian Forest ( notes )
  2. ↑ Area according to Lfu, but this includes the 2.26 km² of Dieberg!
  3. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (Ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  4. ↑ Landscape profile Cham-Further Senke of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  5. ^ Walter Sperling : Geographical Names in the Bohemian Countries , V (Archived Website) ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Klaus Müller-Hohenstein: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 165/166 Cham. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1973. →  Online map (PDF; 4.4 MB)
  7. ↑ Where the Russians should get stuck (Mittelbayerische Zeitung, December 22, 2014) ( accessed November 23, 2019)