Rain sink
| Rain sink | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| surface | 840 km² | ||
| Systematics according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany | ||
| Main unit group | 40 → Upper Palatinate-Bavarian Forest |
||
| 4th order region (main unit) |
404 → rain sink |
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| Natural area characteristics | |||
| Landscape type | Hill country | ||
| Highest peak | Weigelsberg ( 898 m ) | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 49 ° 4 '56.8 " N , 12 ° 53' 23.1" E | ||
|
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| state | Bavaria | ||
The rain valley is a hilly landscape in the Bavarian Forest along the river Regen .
As a natural spatial main unit , the rain sink belongs to the main unit group of the Upper Palatinate-Bavarian Forest and has a size of about 840 km². It separates the Front Bavarian Forest in the southwest from the Rear Bavarian Forest in the northeast. The Cham-Further Senke adjoins it in the north-west, the Abteiland in the south-east .
The rain depression represents a large, indented hollow region at an altitude of 600 to 700 meters, which extends from some mountain ranges to almost 900 m above sea level. NHN is towered above. The rain flows in a strongly winding course at a height of 530 m (entry of the black rain above rain ) to 373 m (exit above Chamerau ) a flat undulating hill country. The river was dammed in Regener See , Höllensteinsee and Blaibacher See . Often there are deeply decomposed, heavily weathered gneisses and granites . These are remnants of tertiary weathering blankets and Pleistocene fluid earths .
Compared to other areas of the Bavarian Forest, the climate is relatively favorable. At 800 to 1200 mm annually, the amount of precipitation is lower than on the surrounding mountain ranges, and temperatures are higher during the growing season. In winter, however, cold air lakes form in the valley.
The area is a wooded, increasingly intensively used agricultural landscape characterized by grassland . The rain sink is traversed along its entire length by the pile , an unusual geological structure. The largest towns are the cities of Regen , Viechtach and Bad Kötzting .
The river landscapes in particular, but also parts of the pile with its pine and birch stocks, have been preserved close to nature. Otherwise, grassland dominates, the slopes are mainly covered with spruce. The original beech and fir forests have been pushed back to small remnants between the arable and grassland on steeply sloping soils. Most of the rain basin belongs to the Bavarian Forest Nature Park , the north-western part of the Upper Bavarian Forest Nature Park .
Natural structure
In the work on the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany , the rain sink was proclaimed as the main unit, in the following refinements 1: 200,000 on sheet 174 Straubing (1967) and sheet 165/166 Cham (1973) this main unit was divided into the following sub-units (if not otherwise declared, all information comes from the Cham sheet, which covers the greater part of the landscape):
- 404 rain sink
- 404.0 Inner Zell hill country
- 404.2 stake , ordered northwest to southeast:
- 404.25 Thierlsteiner Pfahl (southwest of Cham ; on the ridge line up to 448.9 m , on the southwestern foothills up to 469.9 m )
- 404.24 Moosbacher Pfahl (up to 639 m )
- 404.23 Viechtacher Pfahl (up to 583 m )
- 404.22 Patersdorfer Pfahl (up to 648 m )
- 404.21 Marcher Pfahl (up to 740 m, on the southwestern foothills up to 784.6 m )
- 404.20 Weißensteiner Pfahl (at the ruins of Weißenstein 758 m )
- 404.3 (no name)
- 404.30 Bischofsmais-Hochdorfer Bergland (at Mühlbauerberg 787 m; Bischofsmais in the south west)
- 404.31 Tiefenried fields
- 404.4 Kollnburg - Ruhmannsfeldener Hugelland
- 404.40 [= 404.4] Ruhmannsfeldener Teisnach sink
- 404.41 [= 404.5] Breitenstein Mountains (at Rabenholz 785 m)
- 404.42 [= 404.6] Horn montane forest (at Abendberg m 844)
- 404.43 [= 404.7] Kollnburg - Kirchaitnach hill country
- 404.5 Weigelsbergzug (on the Weigelsberg 898 m)
- 404.6 Bodenmais-Kötztinger Depression
- 404.60 Bodenmaiser boiler
- 404.61 Arnbruck Valley
- 404.62 Traidersdorfer Tal
- 404.63 Kötztinger Basin
- 404.7 Miltacher mountain and hill country
- 404.70 Traitschinger hill country
- 404.71 Altrandsberger hill country
- 404.72 Miltacher Regen and Perlenbach valley
- 404.73 Haidsteinberge (at the Haidstein 742 m)
- 404.8 Central rain valley area
Chambering of the landscape by inner and surrounding mountain ranges
The hill countries and climes have a similar shape and equipment throughout the rain basin, but the heights are chambers:
- 404.5 Weigelsbergzug (on the Weigelsberg 898 m)
- 404.73 Haidsteinberge (at the Haidstein 742 m)
- 404.42 Hornbergwald (on the Abendberg 844 m) and 404.22 Patersdorfer Pfahl (up to 648 m )
- 404.41 Breitensteinberge (at Rabenholz 785 m) and 404.21 Marcher Pfahl (up to 740 m)
- 404.30 Bischofsmais-Hochdorfer Bergland (at the Mühlbauerberg 787 m) and 404.20 Weißensteiner Pfahl (at the ruins of Weißenstein 758 m )
the hilly landscapes in basins and depressions.
The Weigelsbergzug extends the up to 983 m high Kronberg Ridge (403.4), which is still included in the Rear Bavarian Forest (403) - but with a slightly lower height and, apart from the Wolfgangriegel (880 m) directly adjoining the Kronberg , with less steep southwest flank. Together with the up to 1456 m high Arber-Kaitersberg massif in the north and the Haidstein Mountains in the west, it borders the Bodenmais-Kötztinger Senke (406.6), which, like the Lamer Winkel (403.6), penetrates a little further north, deep into the high-montane regions and is connected to it in the northeastern Kötztinger basin (404.63).
Hornbergwald and Breitensteinberge, on the other hand, chamber the landscape between the pile and the much more montane (up to 1121 m) Vordere Bayerischer Wald (405) by carving out surrounding depressions ; the Bischofsmais-Hochdorfer Bergland with Bischofsmais in the south west, on the other hand, does not allow any depressions between the neighboring hilly countries and to a certain extent forms a submontane preliminary stage.
Allocations according to BfN and LfU
In the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany , an area of 833.2 km² is given for the rain sink. According to the mapping, this area also includes the area of the Kronberg ridge, on the other hand not that of the Bodenmais-Kötztinger Senke - apart from the Kötztinger basin in the west.
In the 2000s, the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) divided the main units into two to five partial landscapes according to the manual (usually) and issued landscape profiles for these partial areas. There was only one profile for the rain sink, it shows an area of only 667 km². This significant deviation is due to a significantly different cut:
- The Kronberg ridge was extended to include the Wolfgangriegel, which is no longer counted as a rain sink. This is a very conceivable option; the Wolfgangriegen is separated from both the Weigelsberg and the Kronberg by a brook valley; Although it does not reach the heights of Kronberg, it is flanked similarly steeply.
- The fact that the southeastern mountain feet of Kronberg and Wolfgangriegel have also been withdrawn from the rain depression seems a little less logical. This means that not even the actual valley area of the Regen is completely counted as a rain sink.
- In the southwest, the parts south of the pile (404.70, southern part of 404.71) have been re-sorted to Falkensteiner Vorwald (406).
The Bavarian State Office for the Environment LfU has published also in the 2000s, a natural space outline for his state, which is less refined than the individual sheets, but fine in general and also more carefully than the characteristics of the BfN. The rain sink was not further subdivided by LfU, but was delimited somewhat differently:
- As with BfN, the Wolfgangriegel is outsourced to the Kronberg ridge.
- LfU moves the border of the rain sink even closer to the rain than BfN. The nominally montane rear Bavarian Forest begins there just 30 m from the rain bank!
- The Bodenmais-Kötztinger Senke (406.6) no longer belongs completely to the rain sink, but the Bodenmaiser Kessel (404.60) and large parts of the Arnbrucke Valley (404.61) hike with Kronberg and Wolfgangriegel to the rear Bavarian Forest.
- The Sengenbühler Hügelland (402.5) migrated, as well as the bay-like hill country adjoining it to the south around Zenching (was part of 402.4 Arnschwanger Basin ) migrated from the Cham-Further Senke (402) to the rain basin .
Within these limits, the rain sink comes to an area of 788.77 km². If you add the north-eastern valley at the foot of the Kronberg and Wolfgangriegels (about 26.9 km²) and the east of the Bodenmais-Kötztinger Senke (24.4 km²), you would arrive at an area of 840 km² within relatively coherent boundaries. The area according to the Cham leaves would be somewhat smaller at around 795 km², as it would not contain Sengenbühler Hügelland and Zenchinger Bucht (28.9 km²), nor would it contain the Wolfgangriegel (15.7 km²).
literature
- Ulrich Pietrusky, Günther Michler, Donatus Moosauer: Niederbayern - rediscovered in flight , Morsak Grafenau publishing house, 2nd edition 1982, ISBN 3-87553-135-3
Web links
- Natural areas of the main unit group 40 in the Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government - Upper Palatinate-Bavarian Forest ( notes )
- Landscape profile rain depression of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Boundaries mainly according to LfU, but with a complete rain valley and complete Bodenmais-Kotztinger depression, see #assignments according to BfN and LfU !
- ↑ a b c d Natural areas of the main unit group 40 in the Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government - Upper Palatinate-Bavarian Forest ( notes )
- ↑ a b Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Willi Czajka , Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 174 Straubing. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
- ↑ a b Klaus Müller-Hohenstein: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 165/166 Cham. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1973. → Online map (PDF; 4.4 MB)
- ↑ The 758 m are shown in the book part of sheet 174 Straubing .
- ↑ Exact name on page 165; Wurzer Spitz-Weigelsbergzug ; between the two peaks there is no noticeable gap and the Wurzer Spitz is only 817 m high; In the delimitation of sheet 165, it would make more sense to include the Wolfgangriegel (876 m) in the south-east by name, as this is separated by a valley and is also assigned to the Kronberg ridge (up to 983 m) further south-east by VfN and LfU.
- ↑ Landscape profile rain depression of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )