Horažďovice

Horažďovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Plzeňský kraj
District :	Klatovy
Area :	4303.1556 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 19 ' N , 13 ° 42' E Coordinates: 49 ° 19 '27 " N , 13 ° 42' 28" E
Height:	427 m nm
Residents :	5,310 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	341 01
License plate :	P
traffic
Street:	Klatovy - Strakonice
Railway connection:	České Budějovice – Plzeň ; Horažďovice předměstí – Klatovy
structure
Status:	city
Districts:	8th
administration
Mayor :	Karel Zrůbek (as of 2014)
Address:	Mírové náměstí 1 ; 341 01 Horažďovice
Municipality number:	556254
Website :	www.sumavanet.cz/horazdovice

Horažďovice (German Horaschdowitz , formerly Horažďowitz or Horaždiowitz ) is a small town in the Czech Republic . It is located 17 kilometers northwest of Strakonice and belongs to the Okres Klatovy .

geography

Horažďovice is located on the left bank of the Otava in the Blatenská pahorkatina ( Blatna Mountains ). To the north rises the Stolavec (507 m), in the southeast of the Radlín (516 m) and the Na Kobylinkách (531 m), south of the Šibeník (498 m), the Hůrka (507 m), the Moučanka (559 m) and the Pučanka (516 m), in the southwest of the Prácheň (504 m) and northwest of the Gloriet (506 m). The state road I / 22 between Klatovy and Strakonice and the railway line Horažďovice předměstí – Klatovy run through the town . The railway line České Budějovice – Plzeň runs northeast of Horažďovice .

Neighboring towns are Horažďovická Lhota, Chrást, Velký Bor and Babín in the north, Komušín and Mečichov in the north-east, Hlupín , Zadní Zborovice, Sedlo, Střelskohoštická Lhota and Zadní Hoštice in the east, Střelské Hoštice in the south, Večaté Pole in the south, and Kozechove in the south-Kozechove and Kozechove , Hejná , Velké Hydčice , Malé Hydčice, Prácheň and Hliněný Újezd in the south-west, Týnec, Zářečí, Nový Dvůr and Malý Bor in the west and Pohodnice, Břežany and Třebomyslice in the north-west.

history

Old view of Horažďovice

Horažďovice was probably founded in the 10th century as a gold panning settlement below the Prachin Castle and was named after St. Gorazd of Moravia . Interestingly, the church on the Prácheň is consecrated to St. Kliment von Ohrid , another missionary of the Moravian Empire , who, like Gorazd, was expelled from Greater Moravia after 885. Around 1200 the church of St. Peter was built in Horažďovice and a fortress in its neighborhood, to which it was connected by a wooden bridge. At the time of the decline of Gauburg Prachin, the lords of Strakonitz probably acted as castellans of Prachin in the middle of the 13th century.

Prague or Red Gate

The first documentary mention of the settlement "Gorazdějovic" took place in 1243, when Bavor I. von Strakonitz and his wife Dobislawa founded a formal convent of the Order of St. John at the church of St. Prokop in Strakonitz and this the church in Strakonitz and part of the Strakonitz castle with the Assigned to villages Gorazdějovic, Horka, Sousedovice , Mutěnice , Miloňovice , Radošovice , Ptákovice, Lom , Krty and Libětice ; The owner of the fortress, Neustup von Gorazdějovic, also appeared as a witness. Shortly afterwards, Bavor I. recognized the favorable location of the Prachin at the foot of the official center and near the intersection of the important trade route from Baiern via Eisenstein and Klattau to Ceske Budejovice with the village of Gorazdějovic on the Gunthersteig and got it from the Johannitern, who only had the church and Parish kept back. When Margrave Ottokar Přemysl confirmed the donation to the order in 1251, the latter received the village of Makarov instead of Gorazdějovic . The Lords of Strakonitz had the village expanded into a market settlement and promoted the gold soaps on the Otava. In 1268 King Přemysl Ottokar II lifted the office of Prachin and transferred the jurisdiction in the Prachin Gau to the Royal Collegiate Chapter of the Church of St. Peter and Paul on the Vyšehrad and the executioners to the Lords of Strakonitz . Under Bavor II, the expansion of Horažovice into a fortified urban settlement began, in 1279 a ditch around the town was first mentioned. By 1293, the construction of the new city and the city fortifications consisting of a double wall with three gates had essentially been completed. On June 18, 1293 King Wenceslas II raised the market Horažďovice to the city, gave it a coat of arms and placed it directly under the Bavor von Strakonitz. From 1316 the church of St. Peter and Paul was rebuilt, its consecration was carried out by the administrator of the diocese of Prague, the bishop of Prizren , Hermann († 1322). Bavor III. von Strakonitz made Horažďovice his new seat.

When Rudolf von Habsburg was crowned the new Bohemian king after the Přemyslids died out in 1306 , a part of the West Bohemian nobility rose under the leadership of the burgrave of Zvíkov , Bavor III. von Strakonitz and Wilhelm Zajíc von Waldeck against the new king. In the summer of 1307, Rudolf I commissioned Heinrich von Rosenberg , to whom he guaranteed the Zvíkov Castle as a replacement for the lost Raabs Castle , with an expedition against the seat of the rebel leader, Bavor III. von Strakonitz, in which he also took part. During the siege of Horažďovice, Rudolf I died in the night of July 3rd to 4th, 1307 in the camp opposite the Jarov mill from a sudden illness, probably from a stomach ulcer . Since the royal troops were about to take the city at that time, the king's death was initially kept a secret. In 1315 Bavor III received. of Strakonice by King John of Luxembourg , the ruined castle Prachin with the only remaining with Burgdorf Poříčí and the corresponding shares in Broziedl, Domoraz and Prácheň as a gift with the permission to build a new stone castle on the Prácheň . Bavor III. united the Prachin estates with those of the Strakonice Castle . The childless Wilhelm Bavor von Strakonitz signed the rule of Strakonitz to the Sovereign Order of Malta in his will in 1336 , but kept the Blatná and Horažďovice estates . With the death of Břeněk von Strakonitz, the Bavor von Strakonitz family died out in 1404. The Horažďovice estate fell to the Lords of Neuhaus , the rest of the part to Zdenko von Rosental , who at the same time also took over the executioner's office in the Prachin district in 1405. During the Hussite Wars , the city sided with the Taborites . In 1459 Peter Racek von Kotzow acquired the property. King George of Podebrady confirmed the town's privileges in 1467 and also granted it the right to a fair in St. Gallus and a weekly market between St. Georg and St. Gallus. The following owner was from 1478 Půta Švihovský von Riesenberg . King Vladislav II Jagiello granted the city freedom from red wax on March 4, 1502 . Emperor Rudolf II expanded the city's privileges to include a toll, a horse market on Lent Tuesday and a fair for St. Peter and Paul.

After the battle of the White Mountain , the rulership belonging to Friedrich Karl Švihovský von Riesenberg was confiscated because of his participation in the uprising of 1618 and sold in 1622 to Count Adam Graf von Sternberg . From 1623 Horažďovice belonged to his widow Maria Maximiliana, a daughter of Karl II. Von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen , who bequeathed the rule to her son Franz Mathias Graf von Sternberg in 1635. During the Thirty Years War, Horažďovice was sacked twice by Swedish troops and suffered severe damage from two fires. Franz Mathias von Sternberg died in 1652, after which his widow Ludmilla, née Kavka von Říčany, managed the property for her underage sons Ignaz and Wenzel Adalbert. The Counts of Sternberg had the ruined castle rebuilt. In 1664 Ignaz von Sternberg became his father's inheritance, in 1675 he sold the Horažďovice estate to his brother Wenzel Adalbert. Emperor Leopold I granted the city a carnival market and a weekly cattle market in 1678. Wenzel Adalbert von Sternberg granted the protective town of Horažďovice extensive freedom on March 12, 1681. On July 13, 1689, a large fire destroyed 47 houses in the city, including the town hall. Wenzel Adalbert von Sternberg bequeathed the rule to his widow Clara Bernhardina, née von Maltzan, in 1708 . After her death, the rule of Horažďovice was sold to Philippine von Thun , née Countess Harrach , in 1719 , who two years later used her to Eleonore. Countess von Mansfeld resold.

In 1738, King Charles II granted the city the right to hold another market at Portiuncula, as well as all previous privileges. Eleonore's son Heinrich Franz von Mannsfeld-Fondi, who had inherited Horažďovice in 1748, sold the rule to Wenzel Maria Josef von Pötting and Persing the following year. In 1753 he had a bath house built at the sulphurous mineral spring south of the city. In 1754 von Pötting ceded the rule to Prince von Mannsfeld-Fondi, who in 1755 sold Horažiceovice to Princess Maria Caroline zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort . Maria Caroline put the rule Horažďovice under the administration of the princely Löwensteinschen estates in Wertheim .

Between 1750 and 1760, Kaiserstraße No. 21, which led from Budweis via Strakonice , Horažďovice and Malý Bor to Klatovy . Since shortly after the death of Princess Maria Caroline in 1765, her only daughter Leopoldine von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst also died, the rule fell to her widower Karl Thomas zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort . In 1779 he married Maria Josepha Verw. von Rummerskirch, née von Stipplin, and gave her the rule of Horažďovice. After her death in 1799, her first-wedded son Johann Bernard von Rummerskirch inherited the rule and established a lordly senior office in Horažďovice. In 1780 the municipal Meierhof was emphyteutized . With the participation of Emperor Franz I , the Counts of Rummerskirch founded an artificial river pearl mussel farm in Horažďovice . In 1821 Johann Bernard's widow Anna, née Hildprandt von und zu Ottenhausen, inherited the rule. Karl von Rummerskirch, who had taken over the rule in 1826, sold it after several bad investments in 1834 to Rudolf Kinsky von Wchinitz and Tettau , to whom it was subordinated to the Princely Kinsky property management.

Plague column and deanery church of St. Peter and Paul

In 1837 the municipal and protective town of Horaždiowitz consisted of 243 houses with 1997 inhabitants; 105 houses with 930 inhabitants were in the city and 138 houses with 1067 inhabitants were in the suburb to the north of the city wall. Seven houses in the town and two in the suburbs belonged to the Horaždiowitz rule. In Horaždiowitz there were 13 Isralite houses in which just as many Jewish families lived; With the exception of one house in the manorial part of the suburb, all of these were within the city. The most important buildings of Horaždiowitz were the stately castle with the office building and brewery as well as the parks along the Watawa and on the Charles Island; the Dechanteikirche St. Peter and Paul; the burial church of St. John the Baptist under the patronage of the magistrate; the church of St. Archangel Michael at the former Minorite monastery; the school under the patronage of the magistrate with two teachers, one assistant teacher and an industrial teacher position donated by the kk lottery official Franz Tiller from Linz in 1805; the town hall; the municipal hospital of St. Michael, founded in the 14th century by the citizens Theodoricus Mečíř and Elisabeth Tuditz; the municipal brewery operated on account of the 76 citizens entitled to brew beer; the post office building owned by the citizen Franz Schönhansel; the pharmacy as well as the inn “Zum Goldenen Hirsch”. Aside, lay the one-shift St. Anna with the chapel under the patronage of the magistrate, a bathhouse and health fountain under the Swaterberg; Jarov mill with a board saw; as well as three individual houses in the city forest west of the city ( Zářečská hájovna ). The Dechanteikirche St. Peter and Paul was the parish church of the town and suburb as well as the villages Zařeč, Baubin, Groß-Hitschitz , Babin and Wěřechow. The city had its own magistrate with a mayor and a certified council. There were three emphyteutized mills on urban land, of which the Podměster and Jarower mills also included board saws, as well as five carp ponds and three limestone quarries. The main source of income, however, was agriculture; the city had a usable area of 2728 yoke 419 square fathoms . The livestock consisted of 56 horses, 388 cattle, 1068 sheep and 204 pigs. There were 130 businesses in Horaždiowitz, most of which were only operated as a sideline. The most important company in the agricultural town at that time was the kk state-privileged leather factory Caroline Lemberger & Erben with eight employees. Six annual fairs were held at which v. a. Textiles, leather, shoes and furs were traded. The municipality of Horaždiowitz owned the villages Swatopole and Klein- or Hliněny-Augezd and Augezdec. Until the middle of the 19th century, the town of Horažďowitz was the seat and official seat of the allodial rule Horažďowitz.

After the lifting of patrimonial formed Horažďovice / Horažďowitz 1850 with the district Horažďovice Předměstí ( suburb ) a town in the jurisdiction Horažďowitz. The city became the seat of a district court. From 1868 Horažďovice belonged to the Strakonice District . In the same year, the Emperor Franz Joseph Railway began operating on the Budweis – Pilsen line , three kilometers northeast of the city in the fields by the Velký Babín pond, the Horažďovice station (today Horažďovice předměstí ) was created.

In the second half of the 19th century, the settlement of companies in the paper, food and textile industries started a slight economic upturn. In the following time, the city and the suburb grew together completely, so that the district Horažďovice Předměstí was abolished; Horažďovice-předměstí now refers to the settlement that was built at the station in the 20th century. In 1880 Horažďovice had 3776 inhabitants, including 54 Germans.

In 1888 the Bohemian-Moravian Transversal Railway took the new Horažďowitz – Klattau line into operation, creating a second station on the eastern edge of the city. In July 1920, the Klatovy - Horažďovice bus line was started. In 1930 there were 3576 people in Horažďovice, including 44 Germans. In the course of the territorial reform of 1949, Horažďovice was elevated to a district town on February 1, 1949. 1950 Zářečí was incorporated. At that time the city had 3289 inhabitants. The Okres Horažďovice was abolished again in 1960 and the city was assigned to the Okres Klatovy . In 1990 Horažďovice lived 4900 people.

City arms

The coat of arms shows two silver towers standing on a rock on a blue background, which contain the arrow coat of arms of the Bavor von Strakonitz in their lower part . In the middle of the battlements of both towers is a golden star.

Local division

City center of Horažďovice

The city Horažďovice consists of the local Babín ( Babin ) Boubín ( Boubin , formerly Baubin ), Horažďovice ( Horaschdowitz ) Horažďovická Lhota ( Lhota Horaschdowitz b. ) Komušín ( Komschin ) Svaté poles ( Swatopole , 1939-45: Heiligenfeld ) , Třebomyslice ( Trebomislitz , also Strebomislitz ) and Veřechov ( Werschechau , formerly Wěřechow ). Basic settlement units are Babín, Boubín, Horažďovice-předměstí, Horažďovice-střed, Horažďovická Lhota, K Jarovu, K Loretě, K Malému Boru, Komušín, Na Blatě, Sádky, Stará šký, Velovíkíký, Vatebom Pole, Veovářechice, Vatebom Pole. Za Loretou, Za tratí and Zářečí ( Saretsch , formerly Zařeč ). Horažďovice to also include the monolayer Chrást ( Chrast ) Jarov, Libučka, Lhotský Mlýn ( Lhoter mill ), Loreta ( Loretti ), Novy Dvur ( Neuhof ) Pazderna, U Jatek, U Leşu and Zářečská hájovna.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Babín u Horažďovic, Boubín, Horažďovice, Horažďovická Lhota, Komušín, Svaté Pole u Horažďovic, Třebomyslice u Horažďovic, Veřechov and Zářečí u Horažďovic.

Town twinning

Heimberg , Switzerland, since 1992

Attractions

Horažďovice Castle
lock
Castle courtyard
Castle Mill

Church of John the Baptist

Horažďovice Castle from the 15th to 17th centuries. Today it houses u. a. the city museum.
Deanery Church of St. Peter and Paul, on the west side of the market, built between 1260 and 1273, from 1316 it was partially rebuilt. In 1836 the old church tower was demolished and replaced by a new building.
Church of St. John the Baptist, built around 1593 in the suburb instead of an older chapel, the church was closed in 1786 and later rededicated as the burial church.
Marian column, created in 1725
Stone market fountain, created in 1560
Meat banks from the 17th century
City hall on the east side of the market, it is the fourth city hall at this point and was built in 1927, its predecessor was rebuilt after the city fire of 1689 in the following year at the joint expense of Wenzel Adalbert von Sternberg and the municipality.
Castle Mill
Monastery and Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the Minorite Monastery was built in 1330 on a donation from the citizen Theodoricus Mečíř on the site of the 13th century chapel of St. Michael erected. The construction was completed under Půta Švihovský von Riesenberg, who, like Adam and Wenzel Adalbert von Sternberg, lived in the Church of St. Archangel Michael was buried. After 1622 the abandoned monastery was re-endowed and restored by the Counts of Sternberg. In 1812 the Minorite Monastery was closed and the Church of St. Archangel Michael closed. In 1854 the school sisters of Our Lady bought the monastery and made it the seat of their general administration for Bohemia. In 1989 the monastery was returned to the school sisters.
Pilgrimage chapel of St. Anna, one kilometer south of the city, it was renewed in 1760 by Maria Caroline zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
Jewish cemetery , on the northern outskirts
Remains of the city fortifications with the Prague Gate and the gate to the town mill, the Prague Gate, built in 1252, is the second oldest preserved town gate in the Czech Republic
Gloriet ruin on the hill of the same name north of Pohodnice, built at the end of the 17th century for Wenzel Adalbert von Sternberg as a resting place and viewing point. Only the outer walls are preserved. The city is planning a reconstruction of the monument as a tourist destination.
Memorial stone at the place where Rudolf I died, southeast of Horažďovice at the confluence of the Svatopolský potok with the Otava
Town houses in the styles of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque

Sights of Horažďovice
Church of the Assumption
Pilgrimage chapel of St. Anna
Meat banks
Memorial to the synagogue destroyed by the National Socialists in World War II

sons and daughters of the town

Martin Nováček (1834–1906), composer, conductor, music teacher and musician
Franz von Kaska (1834–1907) was personal pharmacist and confidante of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico
Otakar Ševčík (1852–1934), violinist
Alphons Žák (1868–1931), historian
Herbert Lippert (* 1930), German anatomist

literature

Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 200.