Janovice nad Úhlavou

Janovice nad Úhlavou
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Plzeňský kraj
District :	Klatovy
Area :	2847.7731 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 21 ' N , 13 ° 13' E Coordinates: 49 ° 20 '42 " N , 13 ° 13' 9" E
Height:	412 m nm
Residents :	2,270 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	340 21-340 22
License plate :	P
traffic
Street:	Nýrsko - Klatovy
Railway connection:	Plzeň – Železná Ruda ; Janovice nad Úhlavou – Domažlice
structure
Status:	city
Districts:	11
administration
Mayor :	Michal Linhart (as of 2014)
Address:	Harantova 132 ; 340 21 Janovice nad Úhlavou
Municipality number:	556394
Website :	www.sumavanet.cz/janovice/

Jewish Cemetery

former synagogue

Janovice nad Úhlavou (German Janowitz an der Angel ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers southwest of Klatovy and belongs to the Okres Klatovy .

geography

Janovice nad Úhlavou is located in the Janovický úval ( Janowitz Depression ), the southernmost part of the Švihovská vrchovina ( Schwihauer Uplands ). The city lies on the right side of the Úhlava ( Angel ) at the confluence of the Jelenka river . The state road II / 191 between Nýrsko and Klatovy runs through Janovice , from which the road II / 171 branches off to Běšiny . West of the city on the opposite bank of the river runs the Plzeň – Železná Ruda railway , from which the Janovice nad Úhlavou – Domažlice railway branches off at the Janovice station (in the Spůle district) . The castle hill (560 m) with the castle ruins of Klenová rises to the south .

Neighboring towns are Plešiny, Vítaná, Rohozno and Bezděkov in the north, Dolní Lhota, Novákovice, Lomec , Vacovy and Loreta in the northeast, Týnec and Rozpáralka in the east, Loučany, Pláň and Klenová in the southeast, Rovná, Opálka , Kaso and Ondřejárna in the south , Petrovice nad Úhlavou and U Švarců in the southwest, Dubová Lhota and Běhařov in the west and Miletice, Veselí and Spůle in the northwest.

history

Janovicium was first mentioned in writing in 1290 as the property of Jan von Janowitz, who was probably also the builder of the castle on the Výšinná cesta trade route. After his death the castle fell back to the Bohemian crown, King John of Luxembourg left it to Peter von Rosenberg . In the first half of the 14th century Bohuslaw von Janowitz regained the castle. Janowitz was elevated to a town in the second half of the 14th century. Ulrich Janowsky von Janowitz bought half of the Bystřice nad Úhlavou estate in the first half of the 15th century and expanded the rule. At the beginning of the 16th century, Hermann Janowsky von Janowitz fell out with King Vladislav II Jagiello and fled Bohemia. The subsequent owner, Peter Suda von Řenče, made the castle the starting point for raids. In 1520 troops from the towns of Klattau , Mies and Pilsen besieged the robber barons seat , captured and dragged it down. After the feud with the king had been settled, Hermann's son Ulrich received the property back as free property. On the site of the destroyed castle, the Janowsky von Janowitz built a farm yard, which was also known as the small castle. After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Janowitz estate fell back into the feudal relationship. On October 30, 1674, the Janowsky von Janowitz family sold the over-indebted estate to the Prague Archbishop Matthäus Ferdinand Sobek von Bilenberg . At the end of the 17th century, Wilhelm Albrecht Kolowrat -Krakowsky bought the Janowitz estate and added it to his rule Deschenitz . In 1757 the Counts Kolowrat-Krakowsky joined the Deschenitz reign to the Bistritz an der Angel. At the beginning of the 19th century, the last remains of the old castle were removed for the construction of a cemetery. Until the middle of the 19th century Janowitz remained subordinate to the rule Bistritz an der Angel.

After the abolition of patrimonial Janovice / Janowitz formed a municipality in the judicial district of Klattau from 1850. From 1868 the city belonged to the Klattau district . The "Schlösschen" was converted into a distillery at the beginning of the 20th century. The current place name Janovice nad Úhlavou was introduced in 1924. At the end of 1950 Janovice nad Úhlavou became a site of the Czechoslovak army . In the 1960s, one of the largest and most modern barracks in the country was built on a 45 hectare military site southwest of the city. On July 1, 1975, Hvízdalka, Ondřejovice, Rohozno, Spůle (with Plešiny) and Veselí were incorporated. Petrovice nad Úhlavou was reassigned on January 1, 1976 from Bystřice nad Úhlavou to Janovice nad Úhlavou. With the incorporation of Běhařov (with Dubová Lhota and Úborsko) and Týnec (with Dolní Lhota, Horní Lhota, Javor , Klenová , Lomec , Loreta, Loučany, Novákovice, Rozpáralka and Vacovy) the urban area increased considerably on January 1st, 1980. In 1989 the cemetery on the Burgstall was closed. Some of the incorporated places broke loose after 1990. The military base was dissolved on October 15, 2004 as part of the reform of the Czech armed forces. The city took over the entire former military town as a development zone.

Jewish community

The first evidence of the existence of Jews in Janovice came in 1466 when Ulrich Janowsky von Janowitz allowed the Jew Baroch to settle in the city with his relatives. The synagogue and the Jewish cemetery were laid out in 1723. In 1724 five Jewish families lived in the city. Subsequently, the Jewish community grew rapidly, in 1838 there were already 21 Jewish families in Janovice. In 1880 there were 58 Jews in the city, in 1900 there were 47 and in 1930 only 15. During the German occupation, the Jewish community went out and the synagogue, which was no longer needed, was converted into a fire station in 1951 .

Community structure

The town of Janovice nad Úhlavou consists of the districts Dolní Lhota ( Lower Lhota ), Dubová Lhota ( Aichen Lhota , formerly Aichen ), Hvízdalka ( Hwizdalka , 1939–1945: Pfeifersdorf ), Janovice nad Úhlavou ( Janowitz an der Angel ), Ondřndejovice , 1939–1945: Andreasdorf ), Petrovice nad Úhlavou ( Petrowitz an der Angel ), Plešiny ( Pleschin ), Rohozno ( Rohosno , formerly Rohozna ), Spůle ( coil ), Vacovy ( Watzau ) and Veselí ( Wesely , 1939–1945: Wesseln ). Basic settlement units are Dolní Lhota, Dubová Lhota, Hvízdalka, Janovice nad Úhlavou, Kasárna, Ondřejovice, Petrovice nad Úhlavou, Plešiny, Rohozno, Spůle, Vacovy and Veselí. To janovice nad úhlavou also includes the rotting Osina ( Wussiwa ) and the monolayer Granátka ( Kranatka ) Koblince, Lhotský Mlýn ( Aichen mill ), Markův Mlýn ( marker mill ), Na Hůrce, Petrovický Mlyn ( Petrovsky mill ), Rameno, U Burců, U Červeňáků, U Pantoflářů, U Švarců and V Lukách.

The municipal area is divided into the cadastral districts Dolní Lhota u Klatov, Dubová Lhota, Hvízdalka, Janovice nad Úhlavou, Ondřejovice u Janovic nad Úhlavou, Petrovice nad Úhlavou, Rohozno, Spůle, Vacovy and Veselíavou.

Attractions

early Gothic church of John the Baptist from the end of the 13th century. In 1764 a baroque renovation took place.
Veselí Castle, built in 1863 for Friedrich von Stadion-Thannhausen instead of a 14th century festival. The Counts of Stadion-Thannhausen owned the estate until 1885, after which the owners often changed. During the German occupation , the castle was confiscated as Jewish property. After the Second World War, the castle became the property of the Czechoslovak state, which left it to decay. The ruins were privatized in the 1990s, but no maintenance work was carried out.
Castle ruins and chateau Klenová , south of the town, the complex was declared an important cultural monument in 1951.
Remains of the Janovice moated castle, only moats and bastions of the outer castle are preserved. The core of the castle was demolished in the 19th century and a cemetery was created in its place.
Jewish cemetery on a hill southwest of the city, it was laid out in 1723, but the oldest tombstone dates from 1705
former synagogue, built in 1723, converted into a fire station in 1951
Timbered house next to the church, relic of the original town center development
historic inn on the market

gallery

Web links

Commons : Janovice nad Úhlavou - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

[1] ttp://www.uir.cz/obec/556394/Janovice-nad-Uhlavou

[2] Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)

[3] ttp://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/556394/Obec-Janovice-nad-Uhlavou

[4] ttp://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/556394/Obec-Janovice-nad-Uhlavou

[5] ttp://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/556394/Obec-Janovice-nad-Uhlavou