Hartmanice

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Hartmanice
Hartmanice coat of arms
Hartmanice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Plzeňský kraj
District : Klatovy
Area : 6220.0882 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 10 '  N , 13 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 10 '10 "  N , 13 ° 27' 22"  E
Height: 712  m nm
Residents : 974 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 341 42 - 342 01
License plate : P
traffic
Street: Sušice - Železná Ruda
structure
Status: city
Districts: 23
administration
Mayor : Pavel Valdman (as of 2018)
Address: Hartmanice 75
342 01 Sušice
Municipality number: 556181
Website : www.muhartmanice.cz
Church of St. Catherine
Wallerner type Bohemian Forest house on the market
Fountain with Hamižná in the background
market
Šimon Adler Museum in Dobrá Voda
Kundratice Castle
Glass altar in Dobrá Voda
Mountain synagogue in Hartmanice

Hartmanice (German Hartmanitz ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers northwest of Kašperské Hory in the Bohemian Forest and belongs to the Okres Klatovy .

geography

Geographical location

Hartmanice is 712 m above sea level. M. at the northern foot of the Hamižná ( Hamischberg , 853 m). The Luční potok brook and a small tributary to the Volšovka have their source in the center of the village . The highest point in the municipality is the Křemelná ( Kiesleiten ) with 1125 m. The road II / 145 between Petrovice u Sušice and Kašperské Hory leads through the town , from which the road II / 190 branches off to Železná Ruda .

Community structure

The city Hartmanice consists of the districts Dobra Voda (Gutwasser) , Dolejší Krušec (Unterkörnsalz) , Dolejší Těšov (Unterteschau) , Hartmanice ( Hartmanice ) Hořejší Krušec (Oberkörnsalz) , Hořejší Těšov (Oberteschau) , Chlum (Chumo) , Javoří (Gaberle ) , Keply (Köppeln) , Kochánov (Ober Kochet) , Kříženec (Kriesenitz) , Kundratice (Kundratitz) , Loučová (Lukau) , Malý Radkov (Ragersdorf) , Mochov (Mochau) , Palvinov (Pawinow) , Prostřední Krušec (medium grain salt ) , Štěpanice (Stepanitz) , Svetla (Zwieslau) , Trpěšice (trip european) , Vatětice (Watetitz) , Vlastějov (swallows) and Zálužice (Audechen) . Basic settlement units are Bezděkov ( Bezdekau ), Dobrá Voda, Dolejší Těšov, Hartmanice, Hartmanice II, Hořejší Krušec, Hořejší Těšov, Chlum, Javoří, Keply, Kochánov, Kochánov III, Kříženec, Palice, Kundratoch, Kundratice, Kříženov Waid ), Prostřední Krušec, Štěpanice, Světlá, Vatětice, Vlastějov, Zálužice and Zálužice II. There are also a large number of hamlets and strata in the municipality , such as Busil (war iron court ) , Dolní Chlum, Horní Chlum (Lower and Upper Chum) , Karlov (Pscheidlhof or Karlhof) , Mírkov (Mirkau) , Peklo (Hölldörfel) , Pustina (desert) , Radkov (Rathgebern) , Rapatice (Rapatitz) , Rovína (plain) , Schöpfrův Dvůr (Schöpferhof) , Velký Babylon (Great Babylon ) , Zadní Chalupy (rear houses) and Žežulka (Scheschulkahof) . To Hartmanice also includes the abandoned settlements Blaselwies, Bystrá (Wunderbach) , Kubíčkův Dvůr (Kubitschkahof) , Lužná (plane Wiesbaden) , Maly Babylon (Klein Babylon) , Na Kopečku (Bergl) , Paštěcká Paseka (Waiderer felling) , Přední paste (Vorderwaid) , Prostřední Paště (Mitterwaid) , Staré Hutě (old huts) and Zadní Paště (Hinterwaid) .

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Bezděkov u Hartmanic, Dolejší Krušec, Dolejší Těšov, Hartmanice I, Hartmanice II, Hořejší Krušec, Hořejší Těšov, Chlum u Hartmanic, Javoří u Hartmanic II, Kundáčov II, Iováčov, Iovánov II, Kochmanice II, Kochánčov III , Mochov u Hartmanic, Paště, Štěpanice, Světlá u Hartmanic, Světlá u Hartmanic, Vatětice, Vlastějov, Zálužice I and Zálužice II.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring towns are Chlum, Hořejší Krušec and Trpěšice in the north, Palvinov in the east, Kundratice and Štěpanice in the south, Dobrá Voda in the south-west, Karlov in the west and Hořejší Těšov in the north-west.

history

The settlement on the trade route from Passau to Sušice was probably built at the beginning of the 11th century. Before that, in the 7th and 8th centuries, the Celtic mining settlement of Gabreta was located there.

Hartmanice was first mentioned in a document in 1219, its owner was Peter von Artmanic. In 1228 the place came to Ulrich von Riesenberg. Under Ottokar II Přemysl , Hartmanice became part of the Bohemian crown possession in 1273 . In 1320, Hartmanice was elevated to the status of a Royal Free Mountain City by Johann von Luxemburg . Between 1327 and 1331 the customs house was built at the foot of the Gunther rock ( Březník ). In the 15th century Hartmanice was assigned to the Velhartice rule and in 1603 to the Sušice rule . Emperor Rudolf II granted the city several privileges in 1607, including the right to use a coat of arms. The Thirty Years War brought gold mining to a standstill. The city was burned down and lay desolate.

In the second half of the 17th century Hartmanitz was resettled by German settlers from Bavaria. Since that time, Jewish residents have been found in Kundratitz . From 1918 the Czech-speaking population began to move into the area . In 1930 the market town of Hartmanitz had 811 inhabitants.

After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Hartmanitz was incorporated as part of the Bergreichenstein district in the Bavarian district of Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate. In 1939 there were 796 people in Hartmanitz. In April 1945, the death march of the inmates of the Helmbrechts satellite camp led through the city; the former Jewish cemetery contains graves of victims of this train. In 1945 and 1946 the German-speaking population was expelled . Her property was confiscated by Beneš Decree No. 108 and the Catholic City Church in Czechoslovakia expropriated . Since 1948 Hartmanice belonged to the border zone and was a location of border troops of the Czechoslovak Army to secure the Iron Curtain erected in the forests of the Bohemian Forest . The military restricted area of ​​the Dobrá Voda military training area was south of the city from 1948 to 1991.

In 1992 the city rights were again granted.

Jewish community

In Hartmanitz, a larger Jewish community came into being in the 19th century and a synagogue was built in 1883 . In 1890, Jews made up 13% of the city's population. The Jewish community also owned a cemetery , which was established in 1870.

The synagogue was closed in 1938, but unlike most Jewish houses of prayer in the Third Reich, it was preserved. A carpenter's workshop was set up in it. The Jewish community was wiped out. After the end of World War II and the re-establishment of Czechoslovakia, the synagogue initially continued to serve as a production facility, then as a tire warehouse for the Czechoslovak Army. The Velvet Revolution also led to the preservation of the desolate building planned for demolition. After privatization in the 1990s, the decline continued, so that a citizens' initiative Hartmanitz Memorial was founded in 2002, the aim of which is to preserve the synagogue and use it as an exhibition site. After the renovation work was completed, the memorial was opened in May 2006.

Twin cities

Culture and sights

  • Katharinenkirche, Gothic building from the 15th century, decorated in the 18th century with a baroque interior, the city's most important monument
  • Column of St. John of Nepomuk
  • stone fountain on the market square
  • Hamižná nature reserve, with old gold mines on the mountain slope, the mountain is also an archaeological site
  • old tunnel, three kilometers west of the city
  • Gunther chapel below the Vintířova skála ( Gunther rock ) on Březník ( Gunthersberg ) near Dobrá Voda, St. Gunther lived as a hermit on the mountain in the 11th century.
  • Church of St. Gunther in Dobrá Voda, the building was built in the 18th century on the site of a 12th century chapel. Since 2003 there has been a glass altar made by the artist Vladěna Tesařová and a glass Way of the Cross in the church
  • Šimon Adler Museum in Dobrá Voda, established in 1997, it shows expositions on Jewish culture in western Bohemia and on the Adler family
  • Dolejší Krušec Castle
  • Hořejší Krušec Castle
  • Karlov Castle
  • Kundratice Castle
  • Loučová Castle
  • Dolejší Těšov Castle
  • Death boards at Kochánov

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Lived and worked in the place

Web links

Commons : Hartmanice  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/556181/Hartmanice
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/556181/Obec-Hartmanice
  4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/556181/Obec-Hartmanice
  5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/556181/Obec-Hartmanice
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Bergreichen (Czech. Kasperské Hory). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ^ Alfred Schickel : The expulsion of the Germans. History, background, reviews. 2nd, expanded edition. MUT, Asendorf 1987, ISBN 3-89182-014-3 .