Strašín
| Strašín | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Klatovy | ||||
| Area : | 1633.699 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 10 ' N , 13 ° 39' E | ||||
| Height: | 605 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 314 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 341 65 - 342 01 | ||||
| License plate : | P | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Sušice - Vacov | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jan Helíšek (as of 2014) | ||||
| Address: | Strašín 16 342 01 Sušice |
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| Municipality number: | 557129 | ||||
| Website : | www.strasin.cz | ||||
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Strašín (German Strashin ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers northeast of Kašperské Hory and belongs to the Okres Klatovy .
geography
Strašín is located on the edge of the Kašperská vrchovina Nature Park in the Šumavské podhůří ( Bohemian Forest Foreland ). The village is located on a hill on the right side above the valley of the Zábrdský creek ( Straschiner Bach ). To the northeast rise the Stráň (720 m) and V Luhu (711 m), in the east the Na Doubku (737 m) and the Malečská hora (833 m), south of the Na výškách (711 m), the Javorník ( Jawornik , 1066 m) and the Královský kámen ( Königsstein , 1058 m), in the southwest of the Svatý Jan (1047 m), the Ždánov ( Zosumberg , 1064 m) and the Hůrka, to the west the Skalice (672 m) and the Vápenice (734 m) and in the northwest of the V Sedle (648 m). The Novosedelský potok rises to the northeast . State road II / 171 between Sušice and Vacov runs through Strašín , from which road II / 172 branches off to Katovice . Strašín is located on the Via Nova pilgrimage route .
Neighboring towns are Podskalí, Žihobce and Vestin in the north, Obnoží, Damíč, Damíčské Chalupy, V Chaloupkách and Soběšice in the Northeast, U Poulů, Paryzek, Lhota pod Kůstrým, Nahořánky, Na Buku, Hrbeček, Maleč and U Studničky the east, Vrbice , Milíkov and Lhota nad Rohanovem in the south-east, Zuklín, Podzuklín and Lazny in the south, Pohorsko , Ždánov , Papírna, Kavrlík and Žlíbek in the south-west, Nezdice na Šumavě and Parezí in the west and Šimanov, Strádal, Napajedla, U Pilys, Zedaví Northwest.
history
Strašín was probably founded in the 13th century by the Witigones . The place name derives either from a person called Stráša or was named after a guard post ( stráž ) on the Passauer Steig . There are also attempts to derive strašné ( terrible ) and strašidelné ( scary ), which are based on the legend about an old book in the Žihobetz church, in which Strašeň locus horribilis is said to be written in Latin .
The first written mention of Strahen was in a document dated March 12, 1254, when the church was placed under the administration of the Johanniterkommende Strakonitz and the appointed pleban Nikolaus made the promise to preserve the property of the church entrusted to him. During this time, the Lords of Český Krumlov built a protective castle opposite the village on the Na výškách rocky spur. In 1274 Witiko II. Von Krumau sold the village of Strazen including two mills and land to a woman from Prague, Christina, and her son Nicholas. In 1279 the prior of the Strakonitzer Kommende bought Strazen including the accessories for 100 marks from Christina and a little later bought the forest above the village from Witiko II for 20 marks. Later the Strazen estate became part of the Raby castle lordship . In 1369 the church was first designated as a parish and pilgrimage church. From 1380 the village was called Strassin . During the Hussite Wars , the residents of Strassin became utraquist . The church on the Hůrka remained Catholic, but the Utraquists prevented the Marian pilgrimages and closed the church. Puta von Fels auf Raby had the pilgrimage church renewed in the Gothic style in 1443 and given a new Madonna figure. Later, Strassin and Raby Castle came to the Švihovský von Riesenberg family branch . In 1545, Půta Švihovský of Riesenberg's sons Jindřich and Břetislav pledged their shares in Strassin to Bernhard Kotz von Dobrz because of overindebtedness . A little later they were able to redeem the estate, but finally had to sell it to Christoph Kotz von Dobrz in 1547. The next owner of Strassin was Wenzel Kotz von Dobrz; he was inherited in 1609 by Ludmilla Kotz von Chudenitz, who united the Strassen estate with the Žihobec rule . She sold Žihobec with Strassyn in 1617 to Jaroslav Pinta Bukovanský of Bukovany. This stood on the side of the insurgents during the uprising of 1618. In 1619 there was a bloody skirmish near Strassyn , when a state army attacked a plundering detachment of imperial and Hungarian troops and slaughtered all imperial soldiers.
In September 1620 the imperial general Baltasar von Marradas occupied the estate. After the Battle of White Mountain the rule Žihobec The fortress Žihobec, the brewery Žihobec, two mills, the was Meier courts Žihobec and Rozsedly and the villages Žihobce, Vestin, Rozsedly, Strassyn and minority Kadešice, Šimanov, Ostružno , Nezdice , Zosum and Maleč was confiscated by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1623 and given to the Imperial Colonel Martin de Hoeff Huerta. The Žihobce parish became extinct after the Thirty Years' War and was assigned to the Strassyn parish as a subsidiary. After de Hoeff Huerta's death, Antonio Lopez de Gradina became the owner of the estate, then three other former imperial officers, all of whom lived outside of Bohemia, took turns as owners. A school in Strassyn was first mentioned in 1677. The cantor earned his living at this time by weaving.
In 1688, Baron Ferdinand von Lanau and Iselin († 1700) acquired the Žihobec rule. He had the Žihobec Castle renewed and moved his seat there. His widow Anna Franziska extended the rule to include the small Stradal estate, which consisted of only one farm. In 1710 Johann Philipp von Lamberg bought the Žihobce estate with the villages of Žihobce, Nezdice , Ostružno , Rozsedly, Věštín, Strašín and Zosum including the attached Stradal estate from Anna Franziska von Iselin, who had meanwhile moved to Carniola , and defeated them Reign of Žichovice too. He was succeeded by Franz Anton Reichsfürst von Lamberg , who raised the combined property to a Fideikommiss in 1716 . In the Theresian cadastre of 1757, 23 rural properties as well as two millers and a blacksmith are listed for Strassyn . In 1760 Franz Anton's son Johann Friedrich Reichsfürst von Lamberg inherited the rule, he died in 1797 without heirs. The imperial princes of Lamberg lived in their castles in Upper Austria; They had their property in the foothills of the Bohemian Forest administered from the Žichovice Castle. In 1778, 131 children were educated in the single-class village school of Strassyn . With the extinction of the imperial line of Lamberg, their dignity, goods and offices fell to Johann Friedrich's nephew Karl Eugen († 1831) from the younger line of the Lamberger, who was elevated to the position of imperial prince of Lamberg, baron of Ortenegg and Ottenstein on Stöckern and Amerang has been. He had the Žihobce Castle restored as a secondary residence. In the following years, in the woods between the Hůrka and the Na výškách, at the confluence of the Zábrdský potok with the Zuklínský potok, the Chalupner settlement W Lasnách ( Lazny ), the name of which is derived from its foundation on a lazy area . Karl Eugena eldest son Gustav Joachim Fürst von Lamberg († 1862) took over the inheritance in 1834.
In 1838 Strashin consisted of 59 houses with 468 Czech-speaking residents. The parish church of the Birth of Mary, the parish, the school and the burial chapel of St. Barbara. There was also an inn in the village. On the side of the Nestitzer Bach in the direction of Rosed ( Rozsedly ) were a Dominikal mill and two rustic mills, each of which also included board saws. Was konskribiert to Straszyn from 18 mostly blank field Erten Chaluppen existing monolayer W Lasnách ( Lazny ). The parish owned a house in Nahořan ( Nahořánky ). A limestone quarry was operated near Straschin. Straszyn was vicarage for Nestitz , Wieschtin ( Vestin ) Pohoř , times sealed ( Maleč ) Nahořan and Cuklin ( Zuklín ). In 1849 the village had grown to 62 houses with 560 inhabitants, in Straschin there were five millers as well as several craftsmen and other traders. Until the middle of the 19th century Strashin always remained subject to the Fideikommissherrschaft Schichowitz, including the estates Raby , Budietitz , Žihobetz and Stradal.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Strasen / Straszyn 1850 with the districts Lazny, Pohorsko , Vestin and Zuklín a municipality in the judicial district Schüttenhofen. Since the old school had become too small, a new schoolhouse was built between 1854 and 1856. In 1856, two-class lessons for the 256 students were included. On January 6, 1855, Gustav Joachim von Lamberg married his lover Kateřina Hrádková in Strašeň after his marriage ban was lifted; Because of the improper marriage , the relatives challenged him for the title of prince and the property associated with it. From 1868 the community belonged to the district of Schüttenhofen . After Josef Friedrich Emil von Lamberg was excluded as an heir in 1878, the inheritance was finally awarded to Rudolf Graf Lamberg from the Hungarian branch of the Lamberg family. From 1875 the Straschiner School was taught in three classes, from 1883 in four classes and from 1888 in five classes. In 1908 a new cemetery was laid out on the way to the church on the south-western outskirts. In 1890 Pohorsko broke away from Strašeň and formed its own municipality. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1903. In the 1910 census, Strašeň had 829 inhabitants. In the same year a commercial training school was set up in the village. In 1921, 971 people lived in the place. In 1924 the official Czech name of the municipality was changed to Strašín . In the same year, a memorial for those who died in the First World War was unveiled in the new cemetery. At the northeast end of the village, the new settlement Veselíčko or Na Veselíčku was built in 1928. After Kunibert Lamberg's death in 1929, as a result of the abolition of the entails right after the establishment of Czechoslovakia, his widow and three daughters inherited the property. At the beginning of 1945, 222 German refugees from Silesia came to Strašín, they were quartered in the school. In 1946 the Lamberg family was expropriated.
In 1948 the electrification of the village was completed. on April 17, 1950, the incorporation of Nahořánky took place. In 1954 there was a school lunch in Strašín. Two years later the school was renovated and on the occasion of its 100th anniversary it was named the eight-class middle school "Karel Klostermann". In 1957 the JZD Strašín was founded. In the same year, the renovation of house no.16 began to become a culture house, which was completed in 1960. In the course of the abolition of the Okres Sušice Strašín was assigned to the Okres Klatovy in 1960, the neighboring municipality of Maleč came to the Okres Prachatice . In 1965 the new fire station was completed and the memorial for the fallen was moved from the cemetery to the park at the municipal office. The chapel of St. Barbara was repaired in 1969. In 1971, the Nezdice – Strašín – Sušice bus line began operating. The new road to Věštín was built in 1977. On July 1, 1978 Maleč was incorporated. Between 1983 and 1990 the school was reconstructed and modernized. In 1996 a fire broke out in the cultural center. The municipality joined the Centrální Šumava microregion in 1999. Since June 9, 2004 Strašín has had a coat of arms and a banner. In 2004 there were 360 people living in the community.
Community structure
The municipality consists of the districts Strašín Maleč ( Male Czech ) Nahořánky ( Nahorschan ) Strašín ( Straszyn ), Vestin ( Wieschtin ) and Zuklín ( Zuklin ). Basic settlement units are Lazny, also called Lazna ( Lasan ), Maleč, Nahořánky, Strašín, Věštín and Zuklín. Strašín to also feature the settlements Volešku Na and Na Veselíčku and the monolayer Biskup, Hrbeček, Na Bludné, Na Buku, Obnoží, Podzuklín, Ruzdi, U Biskupa, U and V Studničky Aleji.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Maleč, Nahořánky, Strašín u Sušice and Zuklín.
Attractions
- The pilgrimage church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary with the Way of the Cross, rectory and former St. Barbara cemetery chapel, southwest of Strašín in the parish forest on the Hůrka hill above the confluence of the Zábrdský potok and the Zuklínský potok. It originated in the first half of the 13th century and has been documented since 1254. In 1443 Puta von Fels auf Raby had the pilgrimage church renovated in the Gothic style and given a new statue of the Virgin Mary. In the second half of the 16th century, when the “Bohemian Forest Apostle” Martin Rezek Strakonický was pastor in Strašín, reports of several miraculous healings of eye ailments in Strašín, which caused the pilgrimages to the Virgin Mary of Strašín ( Madona Strašínská ) to be very popular . When the plague broke out in Schüttenhofen in 1678 , the largest procession to Strašín took place. The 38th of the 44 chapels was consecrated to the Virgin Mary of Strašín on the Via Sancta from Prague to Stará Boleslav , laid out between 1674 and 1690 ; the Strašenská Kaple is near Dřevčice . Between 1736 and 1739 the pastor Thomas Waniek carried out a baroque renovation at his own expense. To the east of the church, a new rectory was built between 1754 and 1756. After the pilgrimages had come to a standstill since the Josephine reforms, a brotherhood was founded in 1879 in honor of the Blessed Sacrament in order to revive the tradition. At the beginning of the 20th century, on the initiative of priest Jan Mottl, an association of friends of the pilgrimage church of the Virgin Mary in Strašín was established. Due to the proximity of other pilgrimage churches on the Schutzengelberg near Schüttenhofen, St. Felix in Schüttenhofen, Assumption of Mary near Nesamislitz and Maria Schnee in Bergreichenstein , the Strašín pilgrimages only gained regional importance.
- Stone fountain in front of chalet No. 29 on the Strašín village square, originally located in Žichovice and bought in 1853 by the Strašín municipality. It has been protected as a monument since 2004.
- Wooden chalet No. 29 U Rathauskejch in the center of the Strašín village square, protected as a monument
- Memorial to those who fell in World War I in the park by the Strašín Municipal Office, it was erected in the new cemetery in 1924 and moved to its current location in 1965.
- Hrad u Strašína castle stables on Na výškách near Lazny. The castle was probably built in the second half of the 13th century as a protective castle for the Witigones . Presumably it was never completed because of the sale of Strašín by Witiko II. A name of the castle has not been passed down, but in summer it is called Kroholetz , also Gunthery-Hain . A 0.8 m high dry stone wall as well as the remains of a ditch and rampart have been preserved.
- Strašínská jeskyně natural monument ( Straschiner Cave ), northwest of Strašín
- Mrazové srázy u Lazen natural monument, southeast of Lazny am Na výškách
- Chapel of St. Anna in Maleč
- Chapel in Nahořánky
Personalities
Lived and worked in Strašín
- Martin Rezek Strakonický, he was a pastor in Strašín from 1550 to 1582. The clergyman, also known as the “Bohemian Forest Apostle”, campaigned for the upholding of the Catholic faith in the region and led a life in the spirit of the first Christian apostles, disregarding all earthly comforts and goods. He lived in a hermitage next to the church and rented the rectory to a farmer who was only supposed to provide him with food.
- František Daniel Merth (1915–1995), he has been pastor in Strašín since the 1970s. He is buried in the new cemetery.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Karel Raška (1909–1987), Czech epidemiologist
Web links
- The history of Strašín on the municipality website
- strasin.com - website about Strašín with a detailed description of the history of the place
- Description of the desert castle on hrady.cz
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/557129/Strasin
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Volume 8: Prachiner Circle. Calve, Prague 1840, pp. 192-193 .
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/557129/Obec-Strasin
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/557129/Obec-Strasin
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/557129/Obec-Strasin
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Volume 8: Prachiner Circle. Calve, Prague 1840, p. 192 .