Chudenice
| Chudenice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Klatovy | ||||
| Area : | 2112.7005 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 28 ' N , 13 ° 10' E | ||||
| Height: | 488 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 781 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 339 01 - 340 12 | ||||
| License plate : | P | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Švihov - Kdyně | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | Městys | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | David Klíma (as of 2014) | ||||
| Address: | Kvapilova 215 339 01 Chudenice |
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| Municipality number: | 556378 | ||||
| Website : | www.chudenice.info | ||||
Chudenice (German Chudenitz , formerly Chudienitz ) is a minority in the Czech Republic . It is located twelve kilometers northwest of the city center of Klatovy and belongs to the Okres Klatovy .
geography
Chudenice is located in the base of the stream source Chudenický creek in the highlands Chudenická ( Chudenitzer highlands ). To the north rises the Chudenická hůrka (518 m), in the northeast the Býšov (548 m) and the Běleč (712 m), east the Kramoly (551 m) and the Řičej (696 m), in the southeast the Bělýšov (651 m) and the Doubrava (727 m), southwest of the Žďár ( St. Wolfgang Mountain , 584 m) and in the northwest the Radlice (604 m) and the Buková hora (579 m). State road II / 184 runs through Chudenice between Švihov and Kdyně .
Neighboring towns are Strýčkovice, PRETIN, Křenice and Býšov in the north, Kámen, Ježovy , Trnčí, Mezihoří and Švihov in the Northeast, Podskalí, Chlumská, Bělýšov, Kokšín, Trtštejn, Malechov and Cihelna in the east, Dolany , Balkovy and RAKOM the southeast, Slatina, Poleňka, Poleň , Bažantnice, Čekanice and Zdeslav in the south, Lázeň, Pušperk, Lučice, Bezpravovice, Košenice and Všepadly in the south-west, Únějovice and Chocomyšl in the west as well as Kaničky , Kaničský Mlýn, Zichov and Twěensko in the north
history
Chudenice was probably founded by the old Bohemian family of Drslavice, from which the noble families of Czernin von und zu Chudenitz , von Potštejn, Žinkovy, von Skály, Dolany, von Litice and von Riesenberg descended. According to Paprockis O stavu rytířském , Nikolaus von Chudenitz is said to have been the owner of the place in 1059. In 1193 a nobleman named Czernin was mentioned as Lord Chamberlain of King Ottokar I Přemysl ; it is believed that he was the owner of Chudenice.
The first written mention of Chudenice was in 1291 as the property of Drslav Czernin von Chudenice. The Czernin von Chudenitz family acquired numerous other goods in West and Central Bohemia and in the 15th and 16th centuries divided into the Chudenitz, Radnitzer , Taschlowitzer and Nedrahowitzer lines, which branched out further over time and their ancestral seat Chudenice without interruption held for 1945.
In the course of the division of property between the brothers Humprecht and Johann Czernin von Chudenitz, the Chudenice Fortress was first mentioned in writing in 1564. The fortress fell to Humprecht as the older brother, and at the end of the 16th century he had it converted into a Renaissance castle. At the request of Humprecht Czernin von Chudenitz, on January 2, 1592 , Emperor Rudolf II elevated the place inhabited by farmers and woodcutters to a submissive town and granted the privilege of keeping a coat of arms, the right to seal and the right to hold two annual fairs and a horse market. However, actual urban structures developed slowly. After 1678, the Chudenice estate fell to the Neuhauser branch of the Czernin von Chudenitz family, who in 1693 inherited the extinct family of Slavata von Chlum and Koschumberg . Since they lived mainly in Prague , the Chudenice Castle lost its function as a manor. The first election of a council in Chudenitz is recorded in 1688. At the end of the 17th century a pillory and prison were established in the town.
The Counts of Czernin von und zu Chudenitz expanded the estate through acquisitions in the 17th and 18th centuries to form an extensive rule. Under Franz Josef Czernin von und zu Chudenitz, who from 1710 to 1730 in addition to the rule Chudenitz the dominions and goods Schönhof , food , Welchau , Kosmanos , Schwihau , undergrowth , Austraschin , Petersburg , Neudek , Kamaik , Mallichau , Winor , cost sheet , Sedschitz , Miltschowes , Stepanow , Engelsburg , Gießhübl , Rabenstein an der Schnella and Schmiedeberg in the Giant Mountains, as well as the crown rule Melnik as a pledge , the property of the Counts of Czernin reached its greatest extent. The Chocomyšl hunting lodge built during this period served as a summer residence . Between 1722 and 1729 the baroque pilgrimage church of St. Wolfgang was built on the Žďár according to plans by the builder Franz Maximilian Kaňka . At the iron-sulfur spring at the foot of the Žďár, which was the destination of pilgrimages because of the healing powers attributed to it and from which a staircase led to the St. Wolfgangberg, there is evidence of a bathhouse since 1783. Between 1792 and 1794, Johann Rudolf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz had the wooden bathhouse replaced by a stone one, for which the name Lázně pod Wolfgangem was soon established. After the fire at the Chocomyšl hunting lodge, Eugen Karl Czernin von und zu Chudenitz had the Lázeň - St. Wolfgang family built in place of the bathhouse between 1821 and 1824 as the family's new summer residence. Between 1823 and 1826 the landscape gardener Johann Christian Thumstängler laid out an English park around the palace. At the same time, a new Kurhaus was built between 1825 and 1826 to the west of the palace. The Lázeň - St. Wolfgang chateau developed into a center of intellectual and cultural life in Bohemia, and Eugen Karl Czernin's guests included a. a. František Ladislav Rieger , Josef Dobrovský , František Palacký , František Ladislav Čelakovský and Kaspar Maria von Sternberg . Until the middle of the 19th century, Chudenitz was the center of the Chudenitz rule.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed CHUDENICE / Chudenitz from 1850, a market town in the judicial district Klatovy. From 1868 Chuděnice belonged to the Klattau District . At that time Chudenitz had 1,100 inhabitants and there was a beet sugar factory in the village. Since 1924 the place has been officially named Chudenice . After the end of the Second World War , Eugen Alfons Czernin von und zu Chudenitz and Morzin, who came from the Hohenelber family branch, and who had taken on German citizenship, was expropriated and expelled by the Beneš decrees . After 1948 Chudenice lost its minority status. In 1961 Býšov was umgemeindet from Přetín to Chudenice. On July 1, 1975, Bezpravovice, Lučice and Slatina were incorporated. In 1976 Poleň, Poleňka, Liška, Mlýnec and Zdeslav and in 1980 Ježovy, Trnčí and Chlumská were added as districts; they released again in 1990. On October 10, 2006 the status of Chudenice as Městys was renewed.
Community structure
The municipality Chudenice consists of the districts Bezpravovice ( Prawowitz ), Býšov ( Wischow , also Wischau ), Chudenice ( Chudenitz ), Lučice ( Lutschitz ) and Slatina ( Slatin , 1939–45: moor ). Chudenice to also include the settlement and stratification of Bažantnice ( Oberförsterei ) Bělýšov ( Biletschow ) Lazen ( bath house ), Podskalí ( Podskal ) Poličov ( political show ) and Výšensko ( Wischensko ).
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Bezpravovice, Chudenice, Lučice u Chudenic and Slatina u Chudenic.
Attractions
- Old Chudenice Castle, north of Chudenice city center. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Czernin von Chudenitz celebrations took place there. It was rebuilt into a Renaissance castle at the end of the 16th century under Humprecht Czernin von Chudenitz. After 1678 the castle served as the official residence of the rulers. In 1776 Prokop Adalbert Czernin von Chudenitz had the palace redesigned by the builder Carl Balling. After the expropriation of Counts Czernin-Morzin, the castle served as a forestry office and home for foresters from 1945. In 1948 it was transferred to the Chudenice commune. The Dobrovský Museum moved them from the Bolfánek tower to the castle, and it also housed a cinema, apartments, the JZD kitchen, the community library and a club of the Socialist Youth Association. The ground floor and first floor have been used as a museum since 2000. In the Dobrovský Museum are u. a. the castle library as well as the furniture of Counts Czernin from the Lázeň castle, exhibitions about Jaroslav Kvapil and Jan Roubal.
- Lázeň Castle - St. Wolfgang, southwest of Chudenice. The baroque palace, built at the end of the 18th century, was redesigned in Empire style between 1864 and 1870. Between 1906 and 1909, Eugen Graf Czernin had the Teplitz architect Max Loose von Lozinfeldt carry out a number of renovations that gave the castle its current appearance. After the expropriation of Counts Czernin-Morzin in 1945, the castle was transferred to the Pilsen brewery, which used it as a company holiday home and after the Velvet Revolution as a hotel. After an out-of-court settlement with Plzeňský Prazdroj as, Karl Eugen Czernin received the castle back in 2009. He had the English park around the hotel, laid out in 1825 and destroyed in the second half of the 20th century, restored. The Kvapilovo jezírko pond in the park inspired Jaroslav Kvapil to write the story for the libretto of the Rusalka opera.
- Gothic church of John the Baptist, it was built in the 14th century in place of an older predecessor. In the church is the Chudenitz altar, made in 1505 by an unknown master.
- Cemetery chapel of St. Anna, west of Chudenice at the foot of the Žďár. The late baroque building was built in 1766.
- Chapel of St. Wolfgang on the Žďár, built in 1772 as an extension to the now extinct pilgrimage church
- Bolfánek observation tower on Žďár, the 45 m high tower was originally the church tower of the Baroque pilgrimage church of St. Wolfgang, built in 1722–1729. After the pilgrimage church was closed in the course of the Josephine reforms, it fell into disrepair and, with the exception of the tower and the chapel, was torn down to the ground.
- Statues of hll. Johannes and Paulus, created by Ignaz Franz Platzer
- Chaluppets No. 18, 28 and 58 as well as house No. 15, built in folk architecture
- Linden tree in the forecourt of the old castle, the approximately 200-year-old protected tree has a trunk circumference of 3 m.
- Chudenice linden tree, the protected tree stands on a wayside cross south of Chudenice next to a chapel and was planted in 1866 on the occasion of the end of the German War.
- Americká zahrada national natural monument, west of Chudenice on Žďár. It was laid out in 1828 as a tree nursery for the English garden in Lázeň - St. Wolfgang. Eugen Karl Czernin von und zu Chudenitz had it redesigned in 1842 as a collection of foreign trees.
- Chudenická bažantnice natural monument, near the Bažantnice Hegerhaus , the former manorial pheasant garden has been protected on an area of 15.5 hectares since 1933.
- Bělýšov nature reserve, southeast of Chudenice
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- František Hůrka (1726–1795), Bohemian composer and cantor
- Joseph Reicha (1752–1795), Bohemian cellist and composer
- Josef Martin Hurka (1756 – after 1800), Bohemian composer and cellist
- Johann Ferdinand Pokorný (1797–1870), Bohemian bandmaster, choir director and music documentary
- Václav Rubeška (1854–1933), Czech gynecologist and tokologist, professor at Charles University in Prague, founder of the Czech gynecological school.
- Jaroslav Kvapil (1868–1950), Czech poet and dramaturge
- Jan Roubal (1880–1971), Czech entomologist
- Vladimír Josef Roubal (1884–1936), Czechoslovak legionnaire and journalist
- Josef Pešek (1884–1953), Czechoslovak general, after the February coup he was accused of espionage and sentenced to twelve years in prison. Pešek died in Leopoldov prison .
Lived and worked in Chudenice
- Přibík Pulkava , worked as a pastor in Chudenice from 1378
- Josef Souhrada (1838-1892), Czech writer. Souhrada was chaplain from 1864 and pastor in Chudenice from 1884. During the smallpox epidemic of 1892 he was infected at the sacrament of death and died as the last victim of smallpox in Chudenice.
Individual evidence
- ↑ uir.cz
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ uir.cz
- ↑ uir.cz
