Žichovice

Žichovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Plzeňský kraj
District :	Klatovy
Area :	525.8152 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 16 ' N , 13 ° 38' E Coordinates: 49 ° 16 '2 " N , 13 ° 37' 42" E
Height:	450 m nm
Residents :	648 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	342 01
License plate :	P
traffic
Street:	Rabí - Frymburk
Railway connection:	Horažďovice předměstí – Klatovy
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Milan Šuba (as of 2014)
Address:	Žichovice 190 ; 342 01 Sušice
Municipality number:	557544
Website :	www.zichovice.cz

Žichovice (German Schichowitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located one and a half kilometers south of Rabí and belongs to the Okres Klatovy .

geography

Žichovice is located on the right side of the Otava at the confluence of the brook Nezdický potok ( Straschiner brook ) in the Šumavské podhůří ( Bohemian Forest Foreland ). To the north rise the All Saints Hill (539 m), the Lišná (577 m) and the castle hill with the Rabí Castle , in the northeast the Hůrka (486 m) and the Ždánov (532 m), to the east of the Kuneš (506 m), the Kozník ( Hoyna , 637 m) and the Nětice (517 m), in the southeast of the Dědkův kůň (574 m), south of the Hradec (469 m), in the southwest of the Kočí břeh (566 m) and the Křešňovec (596 m), to the west the Svat (568 m) and the Pumperk (558 m) and in the north-west the Čepičná (671 m) and the Chanovec (555 m). The Buděticko Nature Park extends to the north. To the east are the ponds Chobot and Panský nezamyslický rybník. The railway line Horažďovice předměstí – Klatovy runs on the northern outskirts .

Neighboring towns are Lázna, Rabí , Podrabský Mlýn and Bojanovice in the north, Velké Hydčice , Hejná and Karlovce in the north-east, Kalenice , Kejnice and Nezamyslice in the east, Lázna, Frymburk , Domoraz , Vojnice and Mačice in the south-east, Podvín, Bílený Beš and Dražovice in the south, Čímice and Velká Chmelná in the south-west, Dobršínský Mlýn, V Luhu, Dobršín and Čepice in the west and Lípová Lhota and Budětice in the north-west.

history

Žichovice Castle

Lower bridge

Upper bridge

The first written mention of Žichovice was in a deed of donation from Duke Břetislav I over 17 villages of the Prachin district from October 18, 1045 to the Breunau Benedictine Abbey , which is, however, a Breunau falsification from the 13th century. The Benedictines had a daughter monastery built in Nezamyslice, to which the monastery courtyards Nezamyslice and Žichovice, a four-wheel mill in Malé Hydčice, the mill in Staníkov with two mill wheels and two further water wheels for the gold soaps in the Otava and other mills in Žichovice, Olešovice belonged. Before the first siege of Rabí Castle by the Hussites , the monastery was burned down in 1420 by the army of Jan Žižka . Since the mother monastery had also been destroyed at the beginning of the Hussite Wars , Emperor Sigismund left the goods of the former Nezamyslice monastery to the brothers Johann and Wilhelm the Elder in the 1420s. J. von Riesenberg , who at that time also received the Raby rule as a pledge. Břetislav Swihowsky von Riesenberg sold the Raby rule to Heinrich II von Kurzbach auf Trachenberg and Militsch in 1544 ; He kept the Žichovice manor for himself and had a castle built in Žichovice. In 1549 the indebted Břetislav Swihowsky von Riesenberg also sold the Žichovice estate to Heinrich von Kurzbach. Subsequent owners of Žichovice and Rabí were from 1557 Dionýs Malovec from Libějovice and from 1559 Wilhelm von Rosenberg . The latter sold the Žichovice estate with the villages of Žichovice, Nezamyslice, Čepice, Čímice and Domoraz in 1568 to Johann Kawka von Řičan. His son sold the estate to Heinrich von Kolowrat -Liebsteinsky in 1603. Theobald ( Bohdan ) Schwihowsky von Riesenberg later acquired it .

After the battle of the White Mountain , the property of Theobald Schwihowsky von Riesenberg was confiscated because of his participation in the class uprising of 1618 and the Schichowitz reign was sold to Heinrich von Kolowrat- Liebsteinsky. The following owners were from 1634 Franz Ulrich von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, then Elisabeth von Kolowrat- Lobkowicz , from 1675 Wilhelm Albrecht von Kolowrat-Krakowsky and from 1692 Johann Franz von Kolowrat-Krakowsky. The latter acquired the Bilenitz estate ( Bílenice ) from Heinrich Enis von Atter and Iveaghe on Enis-Laschan and united it with the Schichowitz rule. 1707 Johann Franz von Kolowrat-Krakowsky sold the rule to the Passau prince-bishop Johann Philipp Reichsfürst von Lamberg . In the following year, Johann Albrecht Chanowsky von Langendorf acquired the Raby estate and from Anna Franziska von Iselin in 1710 the Žihobec estate with the Stradal estate. He was inherited by his nephew Franz Anton von Lamberg , who raised the combined property to a Fideikommiss in 1716 . This was followed in 1760 by his son Johann Friedrich Reichsfürst von Lamberg, who expanded the rule in 1765 to include the Kalenitz estate . In 1791 he separated the Freihof Bohow ( Bohov ) from Fideikommiss and sold it to Joseph Leopold Panowsky. A little later he bought the Kladrub estate . In 1795 he had an iron mine built near Bojanowitz, but it was shut down in 1799 due to ineffectiveness. Johann Friedrich von Lamberg died in 1797 without any descendants. In 1803 the von Lamberg family sold the connected allodial goods Kalenitz and Kladrub to Joseph Johann Ritter von Puteany and Adalbert Winitzky, respectively. With the extinction of the imperial line, their dignity, goods and offices fell in 1804 to Johann Friedrich's nephew Karl Eugen († 1831) from the younger line of the Lamberger, who was elevated to the position of imperial prince of Lamberg, baron of Ortenegg and Ottenstein on Stöckern and Amerang. In the year 1815 an official wood flood was set up on the Straschiner Bach after the Wottawa near Schichowitz; The rafting was given up in 1825 due to insufficient yield. Karl Eugen's eldest son Gustav Joachim Fürst von Lamberg († 1862), who because of his involvement in the assassination attempt on Crown Prince Ferdinand in 1832 a. a. had been punished with the green string and a marriage ban, the inheritance came in 1834.

In 1838 the Fideikommissherrschaft Schichowitz including the estates Raby , Budietitz , Žihobetz and Stradal comprised a usable area of 17,605 yoke 295 square fathoms including 45 ponds. 8,185 people lived in their area, including 16 Jewish families. With the exception of the German-speaking town of Sosum , all other villages were Czech-speaking. The main source of income was agriculture; the inhabitants of the mountain villages around Straschin and Nestitz lived on flax spinning, weaving, woodcutting, wood processing, lime kiln and day labor. The manorial forests were managed by the Zaluscher, Sobietitzer, Budietitzer and Beschetiner forest districts. At Raby, Ostružno , Čepitz, Nestitz and Budietitz, abundant limestone quarries were operated, the burnt lime was sold as far as Klattau , Taus and Waldmünchen . There was a hospital in Nezamislitz . There were 102 traders in the rule. The Schichowitz rule included the 17 villages Schichowitz, Nezamislitz, Zimitz , Damnietitz ( Damětice ), Domoras , Frimburg , Koynitz , Wieschtin ( Věštín ), Pohorsko , Bilenitz, Sobieschitz , Thussch ( Damíč ), Schimanau ( Šimanov ), Beschetin ( Bešetín ), and Dražowitz , Neudorf and Tschepitz ( Čepice ); Good for the Raby schutzuntertänige town Raby and villages Bojanowitz and Budietitz ; the villages of Žihobetz , Rosed ( Rozsedly ), Strashin , Nestitz , Sosum and Wostružno as well as four houses from Karlowetz ( Karlovce ), three houses from Maletsch ( Maleč ), two houses from Kadeschitz ( Kadešice ) and a house from Bukownik go to the Žihobetz estate . The village of Schichowitz or Žichowice , located on the commercial road from Schüttenhofen to Strakonitz , consisted of 50 houses with 412 Czech-speaking residents, including two Jewish families. In the place there was an official director's office, a stately castle, a Meierhof , a brewery, a mill, a brandy house, a potash brewery and a retreat. The village and the Meierhof were on the right-hand side of the Straschiner Bach, the castle, the brewery and the mill on the left. The parish was in Nezamislitz. Until the middle of the 19th century, Schichowitz was the official seat of the Fideikommissherrschaft Schichowitz including the estates Raby, Budietitz, Žihobetz and Stradal.

After the abolition of patrimonial Žichovice / Schichowitz formed a community in the judicial district of Schüttenhofen from 1850. Gustav Joachim von Lamberg had an improper relationship with Kateřina Hrádková, the daughter of the Čejkov Schaffer , from whom eight children emerged. In 1854, his sentence was lifted by amnesty. On January 6, 1855, Gustav Joachim von Lamberg married his lover in Strašín, to whom he had previously transferred his Austrian estate Lechnerdorf without the family's knowledge. Because of the improper marriage, the relatives challenged him for the title of prince and the property associated with it. From 1868 the community belonged to the district of Schüttenhofen . After Josef Friedrich Emil von Lamberg was excluded as heir in 1878, the inheritance was finally awarded to Rudolf Graf Lamberg from the Hungarian branch of the Lamberg family; later ownership fell to the Austrian branch of the Counts of Lamberg. At that time, some of the residents earned their living as raftsmen. They transported the wood lifted from the Bohemian Forest via the Otava, Vltava and Elbe to the Hamburg wooden harbor . In 1888 the Horažďowitz - Klattau railway line was inaugurated, and the Schichowitz station was built in the open field behind the castle. In the same year a post office was set up in Žichovice and the volunteer fire brigade was established. The first lime distillery was built in 1889. A telegraph office was set up in Žichovice at the beginning of the 20th century. A new settlement was built at the station, so that the castle became the center of the town. In 1946 the Lamberg family was expropriated. In the course of the abolition of the Okres Sušice, Žichovice came to the Okres Klatovy in 1960 . On July 1, 1980 Čímice, Domoraz, Želenov and Nezamyslice (with Damětice) were incorporated. All districts separated from Žichovice on January 1st, 1992.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Žichovice. The settlement of Lazna belongs to Žichovice .

Attractions

Renaissance castle Žichovice: The Žichovice fortress was built around 1544 by Břetislav Swihowsky von Riesenberg. After 1603 Heinrich von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky had the fortress rebuilt into a Renaissance palace. The two-winged building with a square bell tower was given its current shape after 1675 under Albrecht Wilhelm Kolowrat-Krakowsky, who also houses the palace chapel of St. Francis had built. From 1707 to 1946 it belonged to the von Lamberg family . Today the renovated building serves as a residential building.

Statue of St. John of Nepomuk from the first half of the 18th century at the castle. Their original location was on the castle bridge. After the floods of 1890 it was moved in front of the Obere Brücke and in 1912 in front of the castle. It has been under protection as a cultural monument since 1956.

Chapel of St. Aloysius, on the road from the village square to the castle

Chapel of St. Adalbert, east of the village on the road to Nezamyslice

Upper bridge over the Nezdický potok, the stone bridge was built in the 18th century and was partially replaced by a reinforced concrete structure in the middle of the 20th century. Two round arches have been preserved from the old bridge. The road leads over the bridge to the train station.

Lower bridge over an old arm of the Otava between Žichovice and Lázna, the stone bridge consisting of two segment arches was built at the beginning of the 17th century. The road to Rabí crosses the bridge.

Historical warehouse, at the castle

Former manorial brewery, next to the castle, it has been documented since 1603. In 1914 the brewery was shut down. In 1943, the Lamberg family had the former brewery converted into a dairy, which initially mainly produced Romadur and later also Dutch brick cheese ( holandská cihla ). After the Lamberg family was expropriated, the company was attached to the Klatovy dairy as a branch in 1946 . In 1948 the “Otava” Žichovice dairy cooperative was established. Between 1957 and 1989 the dairy belonged to the state-owned company Šumavské mlékárny, Klatovy. The Žichovice dairy, privatized after the Velvet Revolution , only existed for a short time and went bankrupt due to mismanagement.