Domažlice
| Domažlice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Historical part of the country : | Bohemia | ||||
| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Domažlice | ||||
| Area : | 2461.751 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 27 ' N , 12 ° 56' E | ||||
| Height: | 428 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 11,150 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 344 01 | ||||
| License plate : | P | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: |
180 Plzeň – Furth im Wald 184 Domažlice – Planá u Mar. Lázní 185 Horažďovice předm. – Domažlice |
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| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 6th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Zdeněk Novák (as of 2020) | ||||
| Address: | náměstí Míru 1 34420 Domažlice 1 |
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| Municipality number: | 553425 | ||||
| Website : | www.domazlice.info | ||||
Domažlice [ ˈdɔmaʒlɪtsɛ ] (German Taus ) is a town in the West Bohemian Pilsner Region in the Czech Republic with about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic city center was declared an urban monument reserve in 1975 .
geography
Domažlice is located 54 km southwest of Pilsen in the Chodská pahorkatina and is traversed by the Zubřina .
history
A customs settlement is said to have existed in place of the city as early as the 10th century. Domažlice itself is first recorded as a village in 1231. In its place, Přemysl Ottokar II. 1262-1265 had a fortified royal town built, the task of which was to protect the border with the Nordgau . The Chods , free farmers, who settled in the area around Domažlice and were given an idealized meaning as a Slavic outpost in the national consciousness of the Czechs in the 19th century , were used as border guards . They still wear their traditional costumes on festive days and are proud of their tradition. 1331 the city Taus was pledged to noble families in Nordgau, this property transfers in serfdom lasted intermittently until 1419 and it formed a German-language patricians in the city. During the Hussite Wars , the German patrician families perished or were expelled from the town of Taus, which since then has a clear Czech-speaking majority. In 1431 the general of the Taborites , Prokop the Great , defeated an army of Crusaders near Domažlice in the battle of Taus, which was important in the history of Bohemia . In the 15th and 16th centuries, the city changed hands frequently and remained in hereditary subordination. The Pastritz Canal was built in 1571 to supply the city with water . After the Thirty Years' War and the re-Catholicization in Bohemia , its importance declined. Only after 1770 did it flourish again at the beginning of industrialization , especially through the textile companies that had emerged from hand weaving.
In the 19th century, Taus / Domažlice was next to Tabor in South Bohemia a center of the Czech national revival . It belonged to the Kingdom of Bohemia as part of Austria-Hungary until the end of the First World War in 1918 . After the collapse of the dual monarchy, it belonged to Czechoslovakia and from 1939 to 1945 to the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . Unlike in the northern and southern border regions of Czechoslovakia, native Czech speakers traditionally formed a majority in Domažlice. On August 13, 1939, a rally took place in Taus, which developed into a large protest demonstration against the occupation by the troops of the German Reich. The memory of this resistance lives on in the city in the Czech national consciousness to this day.
In May 1945 the region and city were liberated by US troops: a memorial plaque in the city commemorates this. Domažlice has signed a partnership agreement with the city of Two Rivers in the US state of Wisconsin.
After the end of the Second World War , when the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia began in Domažlice and the surrounding area , legalized by the Beneš decrees , Czech-speaking groups of people rioted against the German population with dozens of deaths. In July 2005 a mass grave with corpses of 54 Germans, mostly SA members from the Bischofteinitz district , was found between Draženov (Trasenau) and Domažlice (Taus) . Nothing is known about the background of her death.
Since 1993 and the founding of the Czech Republic , the Roman Catholic parishes of the Vicariate Domazlice belong again to the Diocese of Pilsen .
Cityscape
The cityscape is shaped by the elongated market square, which is dominated by the Lower Gate on one side and the Chodenturm on the other. From this border watchtower, which can be walked on, the view as far as Cham in the Upper Palatinate is possible in good weather . Other sights are the deanery church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, the Augustinian monastery with the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the Chodenburg, the city gate (the Branka), the Holy Church, the cemetery chapel of St. John of Nepomuk, the Baroque chapel of St. Laurence and the Jindřich-Jindřich Museum above the culture of the Chodians .
Eastern city gate from the outside
Eastern city gate from the inside
Detail on a house wall on the market square
Domažlice Spálená
Church of the Assumption
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City structure
Domažlice consists of the districts Bezděkovské Předměstí ( Bezdiekauer Vorstadt ), Dolejší Předměstí ( Lower Suburb ), Havlovice ( Hawlowitz ), Hořejší Předměstí ( Upper Suburb ), Město ( City ) and Týnské Suburb . Basic development units are Bezděkovské Předměstí-východ, Bezděkovské Předměstí-západ, Dolejší Předměstí, Domažlice-historické jádro, Havlovice, Horejsi Předměstí, Chrastavická, K nádraží, K Vavřinci, Mlýny, Průmyslový obvod, Týnské Předměstí I, Týnské Předměstí II, Týnské Předměstí-sídliště and U Baldova.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Domažlice and Havlovice u Domažlic.
Town twinning
Personalities
- Jindřich Šimon Baar (1869–1925), Catholic priest and writer, representative of realism attended the local grammar school
- Johann Horn (Jan Roh) (~ 1490–1547), Bishop of the Brothers Unity , theologian, church poet
- Anton Hueber (1861–1935), leading socialist trade unionist in the Habsburg state and in the First Republic (Austria)
- Jindřich Jindřich (1876–1967), composer, pianist and ethnographer
- Pavel Kelemen (* 1991), track cyclist
- Ladislav Klíma (1878–1928), Czech philosopher and poet
- Karel Novy (* 1980), Swiss swimmer
- Karel Pezl (* 1927), four-star general
- Antonín Příhoda (1668–1749) was a Jesuit , dean and vicar in Domažlice. To support poor schoolchildren and students, he founded the Pržihodic Foundation. He was a supporter of the Enlightenment, a scientist and a breeder of fruit trees. His monument, created in 1879–1880 by the sculptor Josef Václav Myslbek , is in Domažlice in the Antonín Příhoda Park behind the monastery.
- Antonín Steidl (1832–1913) was an Austrian and Czech doctor and politician. His monument is in the park behind the monastery on Božena Němcová Street.
- Petr Pavel Hana (1836–1908), mayor of Domažlice from 1889 to 1905. He promoted health care, poor welfare, school education, public education, culture, sport and the economy in Domažlice. Today (2015) the city park is named after him. There is a monument to Petr Hana, which is under monument protection.
- Lenka Valešová (* 1985), hammer thrower
- Jiří Vaněk (* 1978), tennis player
- Jaroslav Vrchlický (1853–1912), Czech poet and translator, died in Domažlice
literature
- Zdeněk Procházka : Domažlice na historických vedutách, fotografiích a pohlednicích. Domažlice (Taus) on historical evidence, photographs and postcards. Domažlice 2006.
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/553425/Domazlice
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims (Ed.): The expulsion of the German population from Czechoslovakia . Vol. 1, 2. Weltbild Verlag, 1994, ISBN 3-89350-560-1 . Taus Vol. 1: pp. 81,334ff; Vol. 2: pp. 84, 486, 489, 494, 499, 515, 542.
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/553425/Obec-Domazlice
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/553425/Obec-Domazlice
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/553425/Obec-Domazlice
- ↑ Jiří Mikuláš: Vinzenz Maschek (1755–1831) - život a dílo , dissertation, Charles University Prague, 2011, p. 126 online: http://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/111894/
- ↑ http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMAKE7_Antonin_Prihoda_Domazlice_CZ_EU
- ↑ http://www.sumava.cz/objekt_az/3879-pamatnik-antonin-prihoda/
- ↑ http://www.medvik.cz/bmc/view.do?gid=523619&language=en
- ↑ Tereza Macháčková: Domažlice v Dobe Petra Hany. Domažlice in the times of Petr Hana , 2014, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, thesis (Czech). http://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/119082/
