Nemanice

Nemanice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Plzeňský kraj
District :	Domažlice
Area :	3835.5705 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 26 ' N , 12 ° 43' E Coordinates: 49 ° 26 '14 " N , 12 ° 43' 16" E
Height:	530 m nm
Residents :	258 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	345 36
License plate :	P
traffic
Street:	Bělá nad Radbuzou - Forest Munich
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	7th
administration
Mayor :	Ivan Bartošek (as of 2007)
Address:	Nemanice 17 ; 345 36 Nemanice
Municipality number:	554006
Website :	www.nemanice.cz

View of Nemanice (water soups) from the north

Church of St. John of Nepomuk

The old village inn of Stará Hut '

Nemanice (German water soups ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located in the Upper Palatinate Forest (Český les) on the border with Bavaria and belongs to the Okres Domažlice .

geography

Nemanice is located seven kilometers north of Waldmünchen in a basin bordered by the Haltrava Mountains and the Starý Herštejn (Hirschstein) mountain at the confluence of the Novosedlský potok in the Nemanický potok / Bohemian Schwarzach . There is a road border crossing between Lísková (Haselbach) and the Waldmünchner district Höll. A cross-border hiking trail connects Untergrafenried with the Lučina (Grafenried) desert in the municipality .

history

Water soup was first mentioned in 1591 and settled from Domažlice (Taus); probably existed here already in 1500 a watchtower of Chod . The German place name “water soups” as well as the Czech “Nemanice” (about “have nothing”) point to the poor living conditions that have always been due to the poor soil. The village was initially directly on the border between Bohemia and Bavaria , until the border was regulated in 1766 and the former Bavarian places Schmalzgruben, Haselbach and Grafenried came to Bohemia; the population here remained almost exclusively German. From 1781 to 1784 the baroque church of St. Nepomuk was built and water soups was an independent parish. The following municipalities and places existed in today's municipality (as of 1938):

Municipality of water soups with water soups, old huts (Stará Hut ') and Friedrichshütten (Nová Hut')
Municipality of toll house with toll house (Mýtnice), new building (Novosedly) and new building huts (Novosedelské Hutě)
Haselbach municipality with Haselbach (Lísková), lard pits (Nemaničky), Heinrichsberg (Jindřichova Hora) and Sophienthal (Černá Řeka).

The municipality Mauthaus was part of the Bischofteinitz district , while the other two municipalities were in the political district of Taus (Domažlice).

As the place names on "-hütten" show, the glass industry developed in the area, first in the early 17th century and then again in the 19th century for an economic boom. In addition to the "house industry" (production of wooden boxes and matches) and agriculture, the Jewish family Östreicher (picture frames, tinfoil bottle caps, tin foils), who had to emigrate in 1938, established factories in particular to earn a living. In 1820 water soup itself had 598 inhabitants and the parish 2502 inhabitants. In 1930 the population of the individual towns was: water soups 596, Friedrichshütten 106, Althütten 238, Haselbach 449, Heinrichsberg 250, Sofienthal 222, Schmalzgruben 59, Mauthaus 188, Neubäu 99, Neubäuhütten 232, Kreuzhütten 35, a total of 2474 inhabitants. After water soup had been added to the newly founded Czechoslovakia in 1919 , political and social tensions arose, as elsewhere in the areas of the Sudeten Germans . The reasons for this were the radicalization of the parties, the infiltration of the National Socialists, a policy of Czechization through the establishment of Czech-speaking schools for poor German families and an increase in crime, which culminated in an exchange of fire triggered by deliberate provocations in 1938. With the annexation of the Sudetenland to the German Reich in 1938, water soups and the surrounding towns came first to the district of Markt Eisenstein , then in 1940 to the district of Waldmünchen .

Around 1890 the plan was to build the railway connection from Taus to Tachau ( Tachov ) via a tunnel from Klentsch to Althütten and water soups, then on to Neid (now Závist). After measuring the line in 1905, however, it was decided to discontinue the project because of the high costs. Instead, in 1911, the Taus-Tachau railway connection was built via Klentsch and Ronsperg ( Poběžovice ). Realizing the project would certainly have given the remote region a boost. The building with the house number 5 that can be seen today in Stará Hut '(see photo opposite) was operated as a village inn until after 1946. Because of its architecture, there is a widespread opinion in the region that it is the "train station without tracks".

In 1945/46 the German residents were expelled on the basis of the Beneš decrees . After that, Nemanice was in the restricted military area, right by the barbed wire fence, and was a company base for the Czechoslovak border guard . The now completely sealed off place lost a large part of its original structure as early as 1956/57; for this purpose, some new buildings were built in the prefabricated style. The places Mauthaus and Haselbach were completely demolished due to their exposed location, and many houses in the other neighboring villages fell victim to the pickaxe. a. in Neubäu, Schmalzgruben and Heinrichsberg. In addition, the neighboring municipality of Grafenried (Lučina) with the places Anger (Upor), Seeg (Pila) and Haselberg (Liskovec) was completely destroyed; these places are now considered deserted . Residents from all parts of Czechoslovakia were settled, not only Czechs , but also Slovaks , Volhynians and many members of the Roma ethnic group ("Gypsies"). The total population of the newly created municipality Nemanice, now consisting of Nemanice, Nemaničky, Nová Hut ', Novosedelské Hut, Novosedly and Stará Hut', decreased continuously after 1945, e.g. B. 1970: 398 inhabitants, 2006: 312. In 2016 there are officially 267 inhabitants.

With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989/90, the symbolic opening of the border on January 26, 1990 and the reopening of the Höll-Lísková / Haselbach border crossing on August 1, 1990, the municipality became accessible to tourism. A lively interest can be observed from residents interested in local history on this side and on the other side of the border, which is directed towards exploring the places in the former restricted area with its flora and fauna.

The dilapidated church was renovated by the former residents with the support of the Czech authorities, and services are held regularly. Due to the general development, economic problems arose in the rural municipality after the opening of the border, which currently (2012) has the highest unemployment rate in Okres Domažlice. This goes hand in hand with various problems such as the need to commute when there are relatively poor transport links; there are few opportunities for higher-skilled work. The school was closed, so that overall poor educational opportunities exist. Prostitution is publicly visible. Last but not least, the general stigmatization of the Roma in the Czech Republic contributes to the poor image of the place. On the other hand, the community is popular for the construction of holiday homes for recreational purposes.

Community structure

The municipality consists of the districts Nemanice Lísková ( Haselbach ) Nemanice ( watery soup ), Nemaničky ( lard pits ) Nová Huť ( Friedrich huts ), Novosedelské Hutě ( Neubäuhütten ) Novosedly ( Neubäu ) and Stará Huť ( Althütte ). Basic settlement units are Lísková, Lučina ( Grafenried ), Mýtnice ( Mauthaus ) ( 49 ° 27 ′ N , 12 ° 42 ′ E )49.449134 12.707604 570 , Nemanice, Nemaničky, Nová Huť, Novosedelské Hutě, Novosedly and Stará Huť. Nemanice to also include the abandoned settlements Pila ( Seeg ) ( 49 ° 27 ' N , 12 ° 41' O )49.445553 12.688621 570 and Upor ( Anger ).

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Lísková u Nemanic, Lučina u Nemanic, Mýtnice, Nemanice and Novosedly u Nemanic.

The official coat of arms of the municipality of Nemanice goes back to the coat of arms of the Counts of Stadion , the former patron saints of Nemanice, and shows three wolf fishing rods .

Culture and sights

literature

Markus Gruber: Water soups, Mauthaus, Haselbach (Nemanice, Mýtnice, Lísková). From the history of the places in the Bohemian Forest and the life of the people from the 16th century to today. Regensburg 2012.

Web links

Commons : Nemanice - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Website of the municipality (Czech)
www.zanikleobce.cz (photo material, Czech)
www.nemusbohemorum.de (historical articles and photos, German)

Individual evidence

[1] ttp://www.uir.cz/obec/554006/Nemanice

[2] Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)

[3] ttp://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/554006/Obec-Nemanice

[4] ttp://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/554006/Obec-Nemanice

[5] ttp://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/554006/Obec-Nemanice