Horšovský Týn

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Horšovský Týn
Horšovský Týn coat of arms
Horšovský Týn (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Plzeňský kraj
District : Domažlice
Area : 7132.1523 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 32 '  N , 12 ° 56'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 32 '20 "  N , 12 ° 55' 40"  E
Height: 376  m nm
Residents : 5,006 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 345 25 - 346 01
License plate : P
traffic
Railway connection: Staňkov – Poběžovice
structure
Status: city
Districts: 21st
administration
Mayor : Josef Holeček (as of 2007)
Address: náměstí Republiky 52
346 01 Horšovský Týn
Municipality number: 553671
Website : www.horsovskytyn.cz

Horšovský Týn (German Bischofteinitz ) is a town in Okres Domažlice in West Bohemia in the Czech Republic with around 5000 inhabitants. The historic city center was declared an urban monument reserve in 1953 .

Geographical location

The city is located in western Bohemia at 376 m above sea level. M. on the Radbuza ( Radbusa ), about 40 km southwest of Pilsen .

history

Town hall (photo 2013)

From the middle of the 13th century, a merchant's settlement was built on the right bank of the Radbuza in the settlement area of ​​the West Slavic Chods , which belonged to the property of the Archbishops of Prague . Opposite her, Archbishop Jan z Dražic had a castle, the Horšovský Týn Castle , built in the Gothic style, next to which his successor Tobias von Bechin 1286-1296 had another settlement of new settlers built in inheritance . Together with the original settlement, which is now called Velké předměstí ( Great Suburb ), this formed the later town of Bischofteinitz. In the years 1422 and 1431 the city, which remained Roman Catholic, successfully defended itself against an army group of the Hussites under Andreas Prokop the Great under the leadership of the burgrave Zdenko Drštka, known as Kolwin von Ronsperg (von Ramsperg) . During the relief in 1422, the besieged city Count Palatine Johann von Pfalz-Neumarkt came to the rescue.

After the archbishops of Prague had owned Bischofteinitz and the associated villages for several centuries without interruption, the rule and town of Bischofteinitz belonged to members of the Lobkowitz von Hassenstein family in succession from 1539 to 1620 . After the Thirty Years' War , the large estates went to the Counts Trauttmansdorff , who owned the castle until it was expropriated in 1945. Prince Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg (1803-1859), ruler of Bischofteinitz, married to Princess Anna von und zu Lichtenstein (* 1820) promoted the development of the city. In the course of the 17th and 18th centuries, the previously bilingual city gradually became almost entirely German-speaking through extensive trade relations from Prague to Regensburg. Bischofteinitz was the capital of the Bischofteinitz district of the same name in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy .

After the First World War , the region was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . Czech immigration began as early as the late 19th century and especially after the end of the war in 1918 . According to the 1930 census, the city had a total of 2,663 inhabitants, of which 484 were Czechs. According to the Munich Agreement , Bischofteinitz belonged from 1938 to 1945 to the district of Bischofteinitz , administrative district of Eger , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland of the German Empire . Residents of Jewish faith were persecuted, expropriated, deported to assembly camps or fled abroad.

Expulsion of the Germans

After the Second World War , the German-speaking population was expelled from Bischofteinitz . Her property confiscated based on Beneš Decree 108 and the Catholic Church expropriated . The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets. Most of the expellees came to Bavaria and formed the Bischofteinitz home district in Furth im Wald . V.

The city was taken over by Czech-speaking new settlers. From the Horšovský Týn Castle , which was rebuilt in 1547 by Agostino Galli in the Renaissance style, the originally Gothic castle has preserved massive foundation walls, deep vaults, the palas , portals and splendidly vaulted halls. In addition, two Gothic churches and the former Capuchin monastery have stood the test of time in the city .

Renaissance town houses on Republic Square

Demographics

Until 1945 Bischofteinitz was predominantly settled by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 2252 in 271 houses
1838 2403 German residents in 297 houses
1900 2721 mostly German residents
1930 3117 including 484 Czechs
1939 3000
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1947 1 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003 2007
Residents 2393 4052 4966 5047 4938 4905 4906
1 on May 22nd

Community structure

View of the old town

The city Horšovský Týn consists of the districts Borovice ( Worowitz ), Dolní Metelsko ( Untermedelzen ) Hašov ( Haschowa ) Horní Metelsko ( Obermedelzen ) Horšov ( Horschau ) Kocourov ( Kotzoura ), Lazce ( Hlas ), Malé Předměstí ( Small suburb ), Město, Nová Ves ( Neudorf ), Oplotec ( Amplatz ), Plzeňské Předměstí ( monastery suburb ), Podhájí ( Podhaj ), Podražnice ( Podrasnitz ), Semošice ( Semeschitz ), Svatá Anna ( St. Anna ), Svinná ( Zwingau. ), Tasnovice ( Taschlowitz ), Valdorf ( Walddorf ), Velké Předměstí ( Great Suburb ) and Věvrov ( Webrowa ). Basic settlement units are Borovice, Dolní Metelsko, Hašov, Horní Metelsko, Horšov, Horšovský Týn-historické jádro, Kocourov, Lazce, Malé Předměstí, Nová Ves, Oplotec, Plzeňské Předměstí, Podhájí, Sváší, Podražnástí, Podhájí, Předměstí , Valdorf, Velké Předměstí, Věvrov and Za parkem.

The urban area is divided into the cadastral districts Borovice u Horšovského Týna, Dolní Metelsko, Hašov, Horní Metelsko, Horšov, Horšovský Týn, Kocourov u Horšovského Týna, Oplotec, Podražnice, Semošovice, Svinná u Tasěvtrovtice.

Twin cities

sons and daughters of the town

Honorary citizen

  • Karl Fürst von und zu Trauttmansdorff -Weinsberg, died on November 9, 1921 in Bischofteinitz, Count zu Umpfenbach, Baron von Gleichenberg, Negau, Burgau and Totzenbach, Herr auf Horschau-Teinitz, Knight of Honor of the Sovereign Order of Malta , Member of the Reichsrat and Landtag; married in 1869 in Vienna to Josephine Margravine von Pallavicini (* 1849 in Jamnitz , Moravia )

Attractions

literature

  • Franz Liebl et al. (Ed.): Our home district Bischofteinitz with the German settlements in the district of Taus. Furth in the forest 1967.
  • Johanna von Herzogenberg : Between Danube and Moldau - Bavarian Forest and Bohemian Forest. Prestel, Munich 1968, pp. 66-68
  • Josef Weinmann: Egerländer Biographical Lexicon with selected people from the former government district of Eger, 1987 Männedorf / ZH, Vol. 2, ISBN 3-922808-12-3 , pp. 258 f. Bearer of the name Trautmanndorff-Weinsberg

Web links

Commons : Horšovský Týn  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.uir.cz/obec/553671/Horsovsky-Tyn
  2. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 12: Klattauer Kreis , Prague and Vienna 1789, pp. 91-109, item 1).
  4. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 7: Klattauer Kreis , Prague 1839, pp. 171–177, item 1.
  5. Anastasia Prochazka: The German-speaking area in Bohemia . In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia . Volume 14, Prague 1876, pp. 221-240, especially p. 226.
  6. Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature. Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 203, point 3) below ( books.google.de )
  7. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 2, Leipzig and Vienna 1905, p. 906 .
  8. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Bischofteinitz. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexikon Volume 4, page 70. Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985. ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 .
  10. Czech population statistics
  11. http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/553671/Obec-Horsovsky-Tyn
  12. http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/553671/Obec-Horsovsky-Tyn
  13. http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/553671/Obec-Horsovsky-Tyn