Hostouň
| Hostouň | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Domažlice | ||||
| Area : | 3850.7823 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 34 ' N , 12 ° 46' E | ||||
| Height: | 450 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,325 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 345 25 | ||||
| License plate : | P | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Domažlice – Tachov | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 12 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Miroslav Rauch (as of 2007) | ||||
| Address: | Dobrohostova 110 345 25 Hostouň |
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| Municipality number: | 553689 | ||||
| Website : | www.hostoun.cz | ||||
Hostouň (German Hostau ) is a small town in Okres Domažlice in the Plzeňský kraj region in the Czech Republic .
Geographical location
The city is located in western Bohemia on the edge of the Upper Palatinate Forest on the western bank of the Starý Potok (German: Altbach ) at 450 meters above sea level on the Domažlice-Tachov railway line . 500 meters further north, the Starý Potok flows into the upper Radbuza .
history
In 1238 the place was mentioned in writing for the first time as property in inheritance of Messrs Gumpert von Hostaun (Gumpert z Hostouně). Hostouň was in the settlement area of the West Slavic Chods and was a fortified residence. The von Hostaun, large landowners in the area until the 15th century, also owned the town of Schönsee , which until 1329 belonged to the Bavarian Nordgau .
During the Hussite Wars , the supporter of King Sigismund of Luxembourg , Ctibor von Wolfstein (Ctibor z Volfštejna) resided at the Hostauer Feste . After the rule of the Wolfstein and Rabensteiner zu Döhlau , the rule came to the lords of Gut (en) stein, a branch of the Vrtba , whose coat of arms is reminiscent of the deer antlers in the city arms of Hostau. Under Georg von Gutstein-Vrtba (Jiří z Gutštejna) the community received market rights in 1522 and customs privileges on the border with Upper Palatinate from Emperor Rudolf II . In 1587 Hostau received city rights with a coat of arms from Emperor Rudolf II. Also in 1587, in addition to the Jakobimarkt, the city received the right to two other annual markets and a horse market.
The coat of arms of Hostau shows a tinned wall with an open gate, above the wall two towers, between these a heart shield with black antlers (reminder of the rule of the Vrtba), a crowned lion and below a red field.
During the Reformation , Hostau was evangelical-Lutheran for three generations. After the Gutstein-Vrtba, whose property in Hostau was sold to Zdenko von Mitrowitz after the Battle of the White Mountain and the re-Catholicization in Bohemia in 1622, the Czernin von and zu Chudenitz followed shortly afterwards and after this Hostau went to the von Trauttmansdorff in 1656 . During this time, Hostau lost its customs privileges and became a hereditary subordinate . The Counts of Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg merged the dominions of Hostau and Bischofteinitz . After the mid-19th century and the peasants' liberation after 1848, Hostau was a municipality in the judicial district of Hostau and in the district of Bischofteinitz . The judicial district of Hostau was German-speaking.
Hostau has been the seat of a Roman Catholic deanery since 1805 . The church of St. James the Elder, mentioned as a parish church in 1384, was rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1731 and rebuilt in 1877 after a devastating fire. A wood-carved Madonna comes from the 1st half of the 15th century and is venerated as a miraculous image of the Sorrowful Mother of God in Hostau .
During the First World War , in 1915, the holdings of the Imperial and Royal Radautz Military Stud in Bukovina were brought to safety in Hostau from the approaching Russian front.
After the war ended, the region was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . Due to the Munich Agreement , Hostau came to the German Reich and from 1938 to 1945 belonged to the district of Bischofteinitz , administrative district of Eger , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland .
During the Second World War , a large part of the Lipizzaner breeds from other stud farms that were under the influence of the German Wehrmacht were in Hostau; including the dam mares from Piber and Lipica . The administration of the Lipizzaner stud was housed in the Trauttmansdorff Castle, which was saved in an adventurous way after the end of the war in May 1945. Because on April 28, the 42nd Squadron of the 2nd US Cavalry Regiment had advanced to the city area and liberated a POW camp with 300 Allied prisoners. When on May 12th, four days after the end of the war , the city was getting closer and closer to the Red Army , General George Patton had the 2nd US Cavalry Regiment bring the horses from the stud behind the American lines. This later became known as Operation Cowboy and served as the template for the film Escape of the White Stallions .
The livelihood of the townspeople mostly consisted of the manufacture of ribbons and lace in home work, the products of which were sold by peddlers , so-called Bandelkramer, jobs in a stoneware factory and in the care and breeding of horses in Hostau and the outdoor courtyards in Zwirschen, Hassatitz and Taschlowitz.
Since the 16th century German new settlers have been continuously recruited and given privileges. Until the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia by the Beneš decrees after the Second World War in 1945 and 1946, their descendants formed the majority of the city's population in Hostau. In 1930 there were 1,048 inhabitants in Hostau, 160 of whom were Czech , 8 were foreigners and 880 were Sudeten Germans . After the resettlement of the German-speaking population, Hostouň had only 630 inhabitants in 1947 and lost its town charter. Hostouň has been a town again since 2006 and bears the old town coat of arms. The expellees the town founded after 1945 the Friends hometown Hostau eV in their sister city Dillingen in Swabia (Bavaria) .
Demographics
Until 1945 Hostau was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1789 | k. A. | 122 houses |
| 1830 | 1092 | in 152 houses |
| 1838 | 1166 | German residents, in 154 houses, including two Israelite families |
| 1900 | 1209 | German residents |
| 1921 | 1145 | including 1,061 Germans |
| 1930 | 1060 | |
| 1939 | 952 |
City structure
The town of Hostouň consists of the districts Babice ( Wabitz ), Holubeč ( Holubschen ), Horoušany ( Horouschen ), Hostouň, Mělnice ( Melmitz ), Mírkovice ( Mirkowitz ), Přes ( Pscheß ), Skařez ( Garassen ), Slatina ( Schlattin ), Štítary ( Schüttarschen or Schitarschen ), Svržno ( Zwirschen ) and Sychrov ( Sichrowa ).
The urban area is divided into the cadastral districts Babice u Holubče, Holubeč, Horoušany u Hostouně, Hostouň u Horšovského Týna, Mělnice, Mírkovice, Přes, Skařez, Slatina u Hostouně, Štítary nad Radbuzou and Svržno.
Attractions
- St. James Major was first mentioned as a church in 1384 ( In Decanatu Horsoviensi et in Archidiaconatu Horsoviensi ). In 1731 the church was rebuilt in the Baroque style and in 1805 was promoted to deanery.
- Messkapelle Assumptio Beatae Mariae Virginis was built in 1636 as a cemetery chapel by the foundation of Susanna Kleinschmidt.
- Messkapelle Corporis Christi was built in 1634 by the foundation of Countess Kordula von Chudenitz after the Hostauer Hostau miracle and demolished in 1805 due to dilapidation.
- Baroque rectory from the 18th century, destroyed in a fire in 1877 that destroyed a total of 43 residential buildings, then new building.
- Princely-Trauttmansdorff'sches castle in triangular shape with a princely Meierhof, formerly a hunting lodge, then the widow's seat of Princess Anna von Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg, from 1916 military remonteamt, from 1918 stud, 1942–1945 accommodation of the Lipizzaner herds of some state studs such as Lipica and Pzuganstalt , since 2004.
Expulsion of the Jews from Hostau
In the 15th century all Jews from Hostau were expelled "for ever". The Jews expelled from Hostau settled in the nearby Neustadtl . In the centuries that followed, there were very few Jews in Hostau, and no Jewish community and no Jewish cemetery. The chronicler von Hostau quotes the legend about a Jewish host sacrilege , the truth of which he questions.
Legend about the Jewish host sacrilege in Hostau
In 1427 Jews from Hostau stole 7 consecrated hosts from the church of St. Peter and Paul in Pernartitz (Bernartice, about 8 km north of Hostau) . They mistreated them at home in Hostau with fork and knife wounds, with blood from the hosts splattering on the table, the wall and the Jews. The Jews were terrified and buried the hosts near the parish church in a bush. When the shepherd drove his flock past there the next morning, the sheep fell on their knees around the place where the hosts were buried and began to bleat loudly. The Christians who came here then dug up the hosts and brought them to the pastor, who sent them to Rome. The Jews who had stolen the hosts were burned and all Jews were expelled from Hostau "for ever".
At the place where the hosts were buried, a chapel named "Corpus Christi" was built. In the chapel there were two paintings depicting the legend. This chapel was renovated (or built) in 1634 by Countess Kordula von Lobkowicz , née Countess Czernin von und zu Chudenitz , and inaugurated in 1636 by Auxiliary Bishop Šimon Brosius von Horštejn . In 1802 the chapel was demolished because it was in disrepair.
literature
- Our home district Bischofteinitz with the German settlements in the district of Taus. Published by the home district of Bischofteinitz; contains a print of the house chronicle of the Wild family of manufacturers in Eisendorf (Zelezna) and Weißensulz , after 1945 in Boxberg in Baden, Furth im Wald 1967.
- Hostau district. Home between Bohemian Forest and Egerland. Published by the local council of the city of Hostau im Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz eV, Furth im Wald 1977.
- Stefan Stippler: Hostau. The story of a parish in Bohemia. 1836 to 1938. Tönning 2008.
- Stefan Stippler (Ed.): District of Hostau. Home between Bohemian Forest and Egerland. Berlin 2011.
Web links
- Förderverein Heimatstadt Hostau eV (multilingual site about the city)
- City homepage (Czech)
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/553689/Hostoun
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Franz Hegenbarth: Hostau. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 291-305.
- ↑ Český les jih Turistická mapa. VKU akciová spoločnost´, Harmanec 2004
- ↑ Anastasia Prochazka: The German-speaking area in Bohemia . In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia . Volume 14, Prague 1876, pp. 221-240, especially p. 226.
- ↑ Chronicle of the 2nd US Cavalry Regiment
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 12: Klattauer Kreis , Prague and Vienna 1789, pp. 111–115, item 30.
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature. Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 203, item 8) below ( books.google.de )
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 7: Klattauer Kreis , Prague 1839, pp. 183-184, paragraph 68.
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 9, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 574.
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Bischofteinitz. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/553689/Obec-Hostoun
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/553689/Obec-Hostoun
- ↑ Josef Hüttl: The church-religious life in our home district In: Franz Liebl, home district Bischofteinitz (ed.): Our home district Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1983, pp. 479, 480.
- ↑ Heiatstadt Hostau Chronik in hostau.org. Accessed January 1, 2020.