Rădăuți

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Rădăuți
Radautz
Coat of arms of Rădăuți
Rădăuți (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Bucovina
Circle : Suceava
Coordinates : 47 ° 51 '  N , 25 ° 55'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 50 '32 "  N , 25 ° 55' 2"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 374  m
Area : 32.30  km²
Residents : 23,822 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 738 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 725400
Telephone code : (+40) 02 30
License plate : SV
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : Municipality
Mayor : Nistot Tatar ( PSD )
Postal address : St. Piața Unirii, no. 2
loc. Rădăuți, jud. Suceava, RO-725400
Website :

Rădăuți ( German  Radautz , Hungarian Radóc , Yiddish ראַדעװיץ or Radevits , Polish Radowce , Ukrainian Радівці / Radiwzi ) is a town in the Suceava district in northeastern Romania .

Location of the city

Radautz is located on the Toplița River (German Toplitza ) near the border with Ukraine . The district capital Suceava is 37 kilometers southeast. The city is located in the north of the Romanian (southern) part of Bukovina ; this belonged to the Principality of Moldova until 1774 , to the Habsburg Monarchy until 1918 and since then to Romania.

history

Radautz was in 1392 first documented and probably in front of it for decades under the rule of Voivode Bogdan I. built. At the beginning of the 15th century, the Moldovan ruler Alexandru cel Bun (Alexander the Good) built a monastery in the village. In the centuries that followed, the Principality of Moldova paid tribute to the Ottoman Empire .

Like the entire surrounding area, Radautz became part of the Habsburg monarchy in 1775 . The city became a district town, as in the whole of Bukowina, numerous German-speaking colonists soon settled in Radautz, the so-called Bukowina Germans .

A particularly large number of Germans settled in Radautz, so that the city was also called "the most German of the Bukovina". Until the 1940s, the city was German-speaking, as was Czernowitz , the capital of Bukowina. In addition to Bukowina Germans, German-speaking culture in Radautz was borne in particular by German-speaking Jews.

The first German Lutheran congregation in Bukowina was founded here in 1791. When Austria-Hungary was established in 1867, Bukowina was assigned to Altösterreich , and Radautz became the seat of a kk district administration and a district court. After Chernivtsi, the city was the second largest in Bukovina.

After the end of the First World War and the dissolution of the Danube Monarchy, the city fell to the Kingdom of Romania and became part of the Moldova region. A strong Romanization policy started, as a result of which many German-speaking residents left the city. The Romanian census of 1930 showed a population of 16,788, of which 27.5% were Germans, 33.4% Jews and 35.2% Romanians. 32% of the Rada users stated that their mother tongue was German, 29.4% Yiddish and 34.9% Romanian.

Most of the Radautz Germans were evacuated as a result of the so-called Hitler-Stalin Pact in 1940 (“ Heim ins Reich ”), the remaining Germans were then almost completely expelled from 1944 onwards as a result of the events of World War II.

The city was also a center of Judaism in Bukovina for a long time . The Jewish community had existed before the Habsburg era. In 1880, 30.9% of the residents of Radautz were Jews. In autumn 1941 the Radautz Jews were deported to Transnistria . Almost the entire community was wiped out during the Holocaust . Most of the few survivors left Romania after the war.

Since the partition of Bukovina forced by Stalin in 1940/41 and again after the end of the Second World War , when northern Bukovina finally fell to the Soviet Union (or to the Ukrainian Soviet Republic ), the provincial town as Rădăuți "finally" belongs to Romania. The city is close to the border with Ukraine. The city experienced a strong population growth during the existence of the Socialist Republic of Romania , but meanwhile the population has declined sharply. The vast majority of the population today is Romanians, who in the 2002 census made up almost 97% of the city's population.

Before Chernivtsi, Radautz was the bishopric of the diocese of Bukovina and Dalmatia .

population

City center

In 1890 Radautz had 12,895 inhabitants, of which 8530 were Germans or Jews and 3203 Romanians. There were 4,712 Catholics, 4,235 Jews, and 3,506 Greco-Oriental Christians. Since the end of the Second World War, the urban population has consisted almost exclusively of Romanians.

The 2002 census showed the following ethnicity of residents:

Personalities

Attractions

Bogdana Monastery in Radautz (xylography by Rudolf Bernt, 1899)
Rădăuți Cathedral
synagogue

Town twinning

Rădăuți maintains city partnerships with:

Radautz Stud

In Radautz there was an important Austrian-Hungarian state stud founded by Joseph von Cavallar , which was administered from Vienna. With 10,000 hectares, it was the largest Austrian state stud. During the First World War, the Radautz horses were transferred to the Republic of Austria. Today, Shagya Arabs and Hutsuls are bred in Radautz . Radautz significantly influenced the breeding history of the Austrian warmblood and the Shagya Arab .

See also

literature

  • Rădăuți , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 628f.

Web links

Commons : Rădăuți  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Willi Kosiul: The Bukowina and their Buchenlanddeutschen Volume II , p. 32
  3. ↑ http://archive.org/stream/recensamntulgene02inst#page/356/mode/2up
  4. ↑ The Golden Age of the Jews of Bukovina (PDF file; 308 kB)
  5. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 5th edition, Volume 14, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1896, p. 416
  6. ↑ Dinu Zamfirescu: Cârtițele securității (to German moles of the Securitate), POLIROM, Bucharest 2013. ISBN 978-973-46-3880-2 online
  7. ↑ Information on the partnerships on the Rădăuți website , accessed on January 19, 2016
  8. ↑ The nobility of Bukovina . In: archive.is . December 9, 2012 ( The nobility of Bukovina ( Memento of October 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on February 14, 2018]).
  9. ^ Radautz , Documentation Center for Old Austrian Horse Breeds