stud

The Sören von Rönne stud in Neuendeich near Uetersen

A stud (obsolete also Stuterei ) is an agricultural operation, which refers to the horse breeding has specialized. If the reproduction takes place in an uncontrolled manner within the herd, one speaks of a wild stud .

The oldest stud in Europe still in existence today is the stables of Einsiedeln Monastery (1064) in Switzerland. Other famous studs are the national stud Kladruby nad Labem (1579) in the Czech Republic , Lipizza (1580) in Slovenia , the national stud Le Pin (1715) in France , the former Prussian main stud Trakehnen (1731) and the stud Bábolna (1789) in Hungary .

Breeding sites for donkeys are also called stud farms, these are also known as Asinerie (from Latin asinus for donkey ).

State stud farms for horse breeding in Germany

A state- run stud in the Federal Republic of Germany is called a state stud , a main stud or a main and state stud, depending on its characteristics . The term Hofgestüt was once common for state stud buildings.

State studs

Redefin State Stud in Mecklenburg

A state stud has the task of providing horse breeders with high quality stallions (so-called state stallions). There is no own breeding in the state studs, only stallions are made available for private breeding. As a rule, the stallions only stand in a state stud outside of the breeding season, while they are brought to smaller, distributed breeding stations during the breeding season in order to keep the breeder's distances as short as possible and thus to force the use of the stallions by the private breeder. It was founded in the 17th and 18th centuries. The main motive was the possibility of having a strong influence on the quality of private breeding through the stallions. But the promotion of agriculture and the provision of horses for the cavalry and the improvement of the state treasury were the driving forces behind the maintenance of the state studs.

Traditionally, stallions of various warmblood and cold blood breeds are kept on the state studs, but also thoroughbreds , Anglo-Arabs , Haflingers , heavy warmbloods and ponies .

The role of the state studs is increasingly being called into question, as the increasing mechanization of agriculture means that the economic need for high quality horses is no longer necessary. As early as the 1950s and 1960s, state studs were repeatedly merged, privatized or completely dissolved. What speaks against the dissolution of the state studs, however, is that equestrian sport - and thus also horse breeding - is an important economic factor that is significantly supported by the state studs.

Roof gable of the riding hall of the Hessian State Stud Dillenburg

Today's pure state studs:

• Redefin State Stud (Mecklenburg), founded in 1812
• Hessian State Stud Dillenburg
• Zweibrücken State Stud (Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland), founded in 1755
• Lower Saxony State Stud Celle , founded on July 27, 1735
• North Rhine-Westphalian State Stud Warendorf
• Moritzburg State Stud (Saxony and Thuringia), founded in 1815

In Schleswig-Holstein there was no longer any state stud after the Traventhal state stud was dissolved in 1960. Its task is now taken over by the Association of Breeders of the Holsteiner Horse ( Holsteiner Verband ).

Main studs

Brandenburg Main and State Stud Neustadt / Dosse

State-run studs on which state stallions are bred, i.e. stallions, mares and foals, are called main studs. If the stallions set up in a main stud - so-called main stallions - are also made available to private breeders like on a state stud, the stud is referred to as the main and state stud.

Today's pure main studs:

• Graditz main stud , founded in 1630/1722.

Today's main and state studs:

• Bavarian main and state stud in Schwaiganger
• Brandenburg Main and State Stud Neustadt / Dosse , founded in 1788
• Main and state stud Marbach (Baden-Württemberg), stately stud farm since the 16th century

Former important main and state studs as well as court studs

Over the centuries, several large, mostly state-owned stud farms lost their status as main, state, court studs or the main and state stud farms. Some of these horse breeding centers are listed below:

• Electoral Saxon Court Stud Bleesern , founded before 1449, used for horse breeding until 1724; the preserved early baroque buildings completed in 1686 and thus the oldest preserved stud farm in Germany, threatened with demolition until 2010, since then security and gradual repair by the development association ( Lutherstadt Wittenberg , district Seegrehna , Saxony-Anhalt)
• Royal State Stud Kreuzvorwerk , largely preserved stud farm from 1888 that has been converted and renovated for residential purposes ( Halle-Saale , Kröllwitz district , Saxony-Anhalt)
• Prussian main stud Altefeld, last main stud established, founded in 1913, currently still used for horse breeding purposes (Hesse)
• State Stud of the State of Saxony-Anhalt Prussendorf
• State stud Wickrath , a moated castle-like facility still used as a stud in the Mönchengladbach district of Wickrath , North Rhine-Westphalia .
• Thoroughbred stud Lehn, simple but stately complex in Lehn , Saxony .

State stud in Switzerland

• Swiss National Stud in Avenches

State studs in Austria and Austria-Hungary

The state horse breeding institutions provided the Austro-Hungarian armed forces with the necessary riding and draft animals in order to make the state as independent as possible with regard to the purchase of horses for military purposes.

• Lipizza Stud
• Kladrub stud
• Federal Stud Piber
• kuk State Stud Radautz
• kuk State Stud Bábolna
• Fogaras
• Kisbér Stud
• Mezőhegyes

State stud farms in France

France has a network of 20 national studs. The most important are:

• Le Pin National Stud, Haras national du Pin , founded in 1715
• Pompadour National Stud, Haras national de Pompadour , founded in 1751 for Jeanne-Antoinette Le Normant d'Étiolles, born Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour since 1745; by decree Louis XV. on January 28, 1764 shortly before the death of the marquise, elevated to the status of a royal stud ( Haras royal de Pompadour ); repealed several times (1791, 1860) and re-established, most recently in 1874.

State stud farms in Poland

• Janów Podlaski National Stud , founded in 1817
• Sieraków National Stud , founded in 1828 and opened in 1829 as the Royal Prussian Posen State Stud Zirke
• Michalów National Stud , founded in 1953, merged with the Klemensów Stud , which had existed since 1946

Žabnik Stud in Croatia

Web links

Commons : stud  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Stud  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

1. ↑ zeno.org
2. ↑ Jasper Nissen: Large Equestrian and Horse Lexicon, Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, 1976, ISBN 3-570-04580-3
3. ↑ History of the National Stud Le Pin in the official website of Haras du Pin ( memento of the original from September 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ^ History of the Haras de Pompadour National Stud on the official website of the French Ministry of Agriculture
5. ↑ The National Stud Janów Podlaski on the website of the umbrella organization ESSA - European State Studs ( Memento of the original from September 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ Manfred W. Graf: The Royal Prussian Stud Management , Verlag Thüringer Druckhaus, 2006, p. 211
7. ↑ The Sieraków National Stud on the website of the European umbrella organization ESSA - European State Studs ( Memento of the original from September 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ↑ The Michalów National Stud on the website of the European umbrella organization ESSA - European State Studs ( Memento of the original from September 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.