Jewish community of Stráž u Tachova

The Jewish community in Stráž u Tachova (German Neustadtl ), a town in the Okres Tachov district in the Czech Republic , existed until 1938.

Jewish cemetery in Stráž u Tachova

history

Beginnings until the 18th century

Stráž is one of the oldest Jewish settlements in the Czech Republic. The Jewish cemetery was laid out in Stráž as early as 1330 . The Jews who settled in Stráž were first mentioned in writing in 1331. They were refugees from Germany. Until the great fire in 1876, they used their original liturgical books. A Jewish community already existed in the 15th century.

In an interest register from 1580, 15 Jews are mentioned as family fathers, 10 of them as house owners. In 1651 there were no Jews in Stráž, probably due to an expulsion. In 1664 another Jewish community was founded in Stráž.

19th century to the present

A Judengasse led from the main square to the west to the cemetery church. In 1838 there were about 15 houses inhabited by Jews on this street and the synagogue on the southern side of the street. On old maps, today's upper town is called the Jewish town. There was no closed ghetto, the Jewish and Christian houses were mixed. Some of the foundations of the Jewish houses have been preserved to this day (2015).

Until 1850 there was a Jewish elementary school in Stráž.

In 1876 a major fire destroyed the Jewish quarter and the synagogue. Parts of the houses were preserved in the new building.

In 1883 a new synagogue was built on the foundations of the old one, a parish hall with a religious school and a mikveh. Services were held there until 1938.

Since the middle of the 19th century, many Jews emigrated to the larger cities.

In 1938 the synagogue was burned down by the fascists and the Jews from Stráž were deported. Only three people returned.

In the 1950s, the walls of the burned out synagogue were torn down. Only a piece of wall of the north wall of the synagogue with a niche of the Kijor (wash basin for ritual cleaning of hands) has survived in the courtyard of house no .

In Bernartice, near Stráž, there was a Jewish community until 1910, whose deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Stráž. Remnants of the Jewish quarter have been preserved here.

Community development

year	Parishioners
1580	15 families
1620	2 families
1724	18 families, 98 people
around 1820/30	45 families
around 1850	47 families
around 1900	81 people
1921	45 people
1930/1938	31 people

Personalities

• Edmund Weil , born on April 16, 1879 in Stráž, died on June 15, 1922 in Prague, eminent bacteriologist at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague.

literature

• W. Klimsa, Jaroslav Polák-Rokycana: History of the Jews in Neustadtl am Klinger. In: Hugo Gold (ed.): The Jews and Jewish community of Bohemia in the past and present. Jewish book and art publishing house, Brno / Prague 1934, pp. 457–460. (online at: hugogold.com )
• Ivana Žahourová: Mikve: fenomén židovské obřadnosti (rituální lázně v Čechách). Thesis. Charles University Prague, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Ethnology, Prague 2012. (Czech) (online at: is.cuni.cz )
• Ivana Šedivec: Mikve: fenomén židovské obřadnosti (poznámky k rituálním lázním v Čechách a na Moravě) (English: Mikveh: the phenomenon of Jewish solemity (notes about ritual baths in Bohemia and Moravia). ) Rigorosum work . Charles University, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Ethnology, Prague 2014. (Czech), (online at: is.cuni.cz )
• Petra Malínská: Židé a židovské obce v západních Čechách v 18. - 1. polovině 20. století (English: Jews and Jewish Communities in the Western Bohemia During the Time - period from the 18th Century to the First Half of the 20th Century. ) Thesis. Charles University, Hussite Faculty, Prague 2007. (Czech) (online at: is.cuni.cz )
• Renata Klodnerová: Synagogy v Plzeňském kraji (English: The Synagogues in the Pilsen region.) Diploma thesis. Charles University, Hussite Theological Faculty, Jewish Studies, Prague 2011. (Czech) (online at: is.cuni.cz )
• Arno Pařík, Jiří Fiedler , Petr Ehl: Old Bohemian and Moravian Jewish Cemeteries. Paseka, 1996, ISBN 80-85192-12-8 .
• Jiří Fiedler: Židovské památky Tachovska, Plánska a Stříbrska. Domažlice. Nakladatelství Českého lesa, ISBN 978-80-86125-81-7 .

See also

• Jewish cemetery (Stráž u Tachova)

Web links

Commons : Jewish cemetery in Stráž u Tachova  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• History of the Jews in Neustadtl am Klinger
• Jewish community in Stráž (Czech)
• Synagogue in Stráž (Czech)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
2. ↑ zanikleobce.cz
3. ↑ zanikleobce.cz
4. ^ Jiří Fiedler : Židovské památky Tachovska. Nakladatelství Českého lesa, Domažlice 1998, ISBN 80-86125-03-3 , pp. 40-44.
5. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ^ W. Klimsa, Jaroslav Polák-Rokycana: History of the Jews in Neustadtl am Klinger. In: Hugo Gold (ed.): The Jews and Jewish community of Bohemia in the past and present. Jewish book and art publishing house, Brno / Prague 1934, p. 457.
7. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
9. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ zanikleobce.cz
12. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
13. ↑ Petra Malínská: Židé a židovské obce v západních Čechách v 18. - 1. polovině 20. století (English: Jews and Jewish Communities in the Western Bohemia During the Time - period from the 18th Century to the First Half of the 20th Century. ) Thesis. Charles University, Hussite Faculty, Prague 2007, p. 30. (Czech)
14. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
15. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
16. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
17. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
18. ↑ zanikleobce.cz
19. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
20. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
21. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
22. ↑ zanikleobce.cz
23. ^ Jiří Fiedler: Židovské památky Tachovska, Plánska a Stříbrska. Nakladatelství Českého lesa, Domažlice 2008, ISBN 978-80-86125-81-7 , pp. 129-140.
24. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
25. ↑ Petra Malínská: Židé a židovské obce v západních Čechách v 18. - 1. polovině 20. století (English: Jews and Jewish Communities in the Western Bohemia During the Time - period from the 18th Century to the First Half of the 20th Century. ) Thesis. Charles University, Hussite Faculty, Prague 2007, p. 30. (Czech)
26. ↑ Renata Klodnerová: Synagogy v Plzeňském kraji (English: The Synagogues in the Pilsen region.) Diploma thesis. Charles University, Hussite Theological Faculty, Jewish Studies, Prague 2011, p. 50. (Czech)
27. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
28. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
29. ↑ Jewish-gemeinden.de
30. ↑ holocaust.cz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
31. ↑ zanikleobce.cz
32. ^ W. Klimsa, Jaroslav Polák-Rokycana: History of the Jews in Neustadtl am Klinger. In: Hugo Gold (ed.): The Jews and Jewish community of Bohemia in the past and present. Jewish book and art publishing house, Brno / Prague 1934, p. 460.