Lučina (Nemanice)
| Lučina | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
|
||||
| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Domažlice | ||||
| Municipality : | Nemanice | ||||
| Area : | 1437.6198 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 26 ' N , 12 ° 41' E | ||||
| Height: | 650 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 0 (September 1, 2016) | ||||
| Postal code : | 345 36 | ||||
Lučina (German: Grafenried ) is a desert in the municipality of Nemanice in Okres Domažlice in West Bohemia in the Czech Republic .
geography
Lučina was located near the German border west of Nemanice. To the west of Lučina rises the 677 meter high Křížový vrch, east of the 720 meter high Nad zámečkem and north of the 689 meter high Skalka (German stone rock). The Mühlbach rises south of Lučina and flows south, is called Föhrenbach from Untergrafenried and flows into the Schwarzach at Bablsäge. From the German town of Untergrafenried a hiking trail leads directly to the nearby desert.
history
13th to 16th centuries
Grafenried (also: horror Rieth, Horror Reith) was 1,282 in Urbarium first mentioned of Lower Bavaria. Its foundation dates back to around 950. It belonged to the Waldmünchen nursing office .
Grafenried was on the border between Bohemia and Bavaria and had suffered from the fighting over this border since its foundation. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times.
From the year 1567 there is a report by Grafenrieder caretaker Hans von Lampach, who speaks of 60 hearths and great poverty.
17th century
Nurse Wolf Pelkhofer reported in 1631 about a Georg Thomas von Schönlündt who came to Grafenried in 1541 to build a glassworks . The children of this Georg Thomas von Schönlündt sold the Grafenrieder glassworks in 1580 to Georg Pelkhofer von Mooswang. He enlarged the property and in 1613 gave part of it to his son Wolf Eytl Pelkhofer for 5000 guilders. He kept two glassworks and several meadows and fields to himself.
As a result of the Counter Reformation , the Calvinist wolf Eytl Pelkhofer von Mooswang had to leave his property. When he returned with the Swedes in 1634 , they looted Grafenried completely.
After his death in 1635, his widow Anna Margaretha Pelkhofer, b. Stuißin von Görnitz owner of Grafenried. Grafenried sold this in 1637 to the master glassworker of St. Katharina in Bohemia, Georg Gerl.
Georg Gerl settled subjects in Grafenried in 1656 and rebuilt the brewery. His daughter Maria and her husband Georg Werner, master glassworker from Schönau, took over the property in 1667. After the death of her husband in 1677, Maria handed over the property to her third son Hanuss Thomas Werner in 1680.
In 1688 there was a chapel in Grafenried.
In 1697 Werner bought the freedom of the local people for himself and all future owners of Grafenried for 400 guilders .
18th century
In 1708 Grafenried came to Bohemia due to a different demarcation. Since Grafenried owned possessions in the Upper Palatinate as well as in Bohemia, its owners were both royal Bohemian and electoral Upper Palatinate country residents .
Franz Xaver Werner, son of Hanuß Thomas Werner, took over the possession of Grafenried in 1713. Emperor Charles VI. granted the Werner family the status of baron in 1718 .
From 1740 school lessons were given in Grafenried on the initiative of the Werner family. From 1750, the Werner family paid a castle chaplain , who from 1753 on Sundays and public holidays in the Grafenried Church. Celebrating Mass.
Franz Xaver Werner was married to Barbara Rebekka Voith von Voithenberg. Their daughter Anna Katharina was married to Otto Heinrich Müller von Altammerthal and Fronhofen. She managed the estate from 1764 until her death in 1796.
In 1786 Anna Katharina had a new church built. In this church there was the picture of the beautiful Maria von Grafenried .
In 1789 Grafenried had 24 houses.
19th century
Josef Freiherr Voith von Voithenberg auf Herzogau married Anna Katharina's eldest daughter in 1801. He took over Grafenried from Christof Freiherr von Wiedersperg, who had in the meantime managed the estate as guardian of the daughters of Anna Katharina.
1808 Grafenried became a parish.
In 1839 Grafenried had 31 houses and 305 inhabitants.
Josef Reichsfreiherr Voith von Voithenberg, son of Josef Freiherr Voith von Voithenberg, took over Grafenried in 1842 and sold it in 1872 to the Czech Count Belcredi, landowner in Mcel, for 205,000 guilders.
In 1874 there were 78 farmers and cottagers in Grafenried. They formed a cooperative. This cooperative of Grafenried farmers and cottagers bought Grafenried in 1874 for 146,000 guilders. They bought the castle to use it as a school. In addition to the Grafenrieder children, the children from Anger , Dietlhof, Seeg and the surrounding wastelands also went to this school . In 1876 the members of the cooperative divided the estate among themselves.
There was a gendarmerie station in Grafenried from 1880. In 1883 the Grafenried volunteer fire brigade was founded.
20th century
In 1913 Grafenried had 38 houses and 289 inhabitants. The volunteer fire brigade had 84 members, the agriculture and forestry association 28 members and the choral society 25 members.
Grafenried was reintegrated into Bavaria in 1938 during the Sudeten crisis .
In 1930 Grafenried had 41 farms. Its inhabitants were: 231 Germans, 14 Czechs and 2 foreigners. There was a church, a castle, a brewery and a cemetery in Grafenried.
In 1939 Grafenried had 147 houses and 800 inhabitants together with Anger, Seeg and Haselberg.
After the end of the Second World War it belonged to Czechoslovakia . In 1950 the residents of Grafenried had to leave the village. It was included in the construction of border fortifications and its houses were destroyed. The Church of St. George remained until 1970. It was under the protection of a Czech monument. Nevertheless, it was demolished in 1970.
21st century
In 2011, interested Czech and German local history researchers and hobby archaeologists began to excavate Grafenried and put up information boards. This activity continues to this day (2017). In the meantime the excavations of Grafenried have developed into a tourist attraction. The Waldmünchen tourist office offers guided hikes through the excavation site.
See also
literature
- Liebl, Franz u. a. (Ed.): Our home district Bischofteinitz with the German settlements in the district of Taus. Furth in the forest 1967.
- Zdeněk Procházka : On the trail of the disappeared villages of the Bohemian Forest - Tauser part. Translation into German: A. Vondrušová, Nakladatelství Ceského lesa Domažlice publishing house.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/702889/Lucina-u-Nemanic
- ↑ http://www.bayerischer-wald-ganz-oben.de/de/kultur-und-brauchum/ausfluege-cz/die-verschwundenen-doerfer-im-boehmerwald.html
- ^ Lučina - Grafenried
- ↑ http://www.waldmuenchen.de/de/poi/detail/100006016
- ↑ a b Zdeněk Procházka : On the trail of the disappeared villages of the Bohemian Forest - Tauser part. Translation into German: A. Vondrušová, Nakladatelství Ceského lesa Domažlice publishing house.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa from Josef Bernklau to Josef Vogl: Grafenried. In: Franz Liebl, Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz (Hrsg.): Our Heimatkreis Bischofteinitz. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1967, pp. 242–245.
- ↑ http://www.zanikleobce.cz/index.php?detail=1439591
- ↑ a b http://www.ostbayern-tourismus.de/Media/Attraktionen/Verschwundene-Doerfer-im-Boehmerwald