Taborites
The Taborites (Czech: táboriti ) belonged, like the Orebites , to the radical and particularly militant wing of the Hussites .
In 1420 they founded the city of Tábor with about 4,000 followers in South Bohemia . They wanted to live there along the lines of the early Christian community . The Taborites rejected ceremonies, priesthood and vestments as well as the service of relics and images, the veneration of saints , the oath , the office of the soul , fasting and some of the sacraments such as confession , but not baptism and the Lord's Supper . Unlike the Orebites, they did not completely reject contacts with the Roman Catholic Church .
Hussite Wars
In the Hussite Wars , the Taborites achieved some significant victories. The leader of the Orebites, the nobleman Jan Žižka von Trocnov (1360–1424), played an important role as leader of the joint army of the Taborites and Orebites. His successors, the Taborit Andreas Prokop and Matthias Louda von Klumtschan , were also successful generals. When the Kalixtines returned to the bosom of the Catholic Church, the battle of Lipan took place on May 30, 1434 , in which the moderate Hussites prevailed with imperial troops against the forces of the Taborites and Orebites. This broke their influence. Ulrich II von Rosenberg defeated the Taborites near Křeč in the last battle of the Hussite Wars in 1435 . As a result, the wars that lasted almost 20 years were ended through negotiations.
theology
The theological-theoretical basis of the Taborites was the Gospel of Matthew . The exaltation of Jesus on an unnamed mountain, as told in Mt 17 : 1–12 EU , was placed by the Taborites (like other Christian groups) on Mount Tabor .
The Taborites were also characterized by a simple lifestyle with plain clothing, even for priests. Due to apocalyptic visions and premonitions, they expected the early establishment of the "Kingdom of Christ on earth" and the subsequent judgment .
After the defeat on the White Mountain, the confessors of the Taborite doctrine could only meet in secret. Most of them fled abroad, mainly to German cities with religious tolerance. In Bohemia and Moravia , despite persecution by the Counter Reformation and Communism, some communities have survived.
According to an imperial edict, from 1816 the parishes were also officially allowed to operate under the name "Unitas fratrum" (Fraternal unity, Czech: Jednota Bratrská) in the countries of origin Bohemia and Moravia.
See also
literature
- Norman Cohn : The Struggle for the Millennium . Revolutionary messianism in the Middle Ages and its survival in modern totalitarian movements . Francke, Bern 1961; therein the chapter "Der Anarcho-Kommunismus in Böhmen", p. 199 ff. Several new editions changed from 1988 also with a German title: ISBN 3-499-55472-0 (1988), ISBN 3-451-04638-5 (1998) and ISBN 3-86756-032-3 (2007).
- Ralf Höller: I am the fight. Rebels and revolutionaries from six centuries . Aufbau Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-7466-8054-9 ; therein pp. 11–38: Jan Žižka.