Maltzahn

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Family coat of arms of those of Maltza (h) n

Maltzahn or Maltzan , in older times Moltzahn or Moltzan , is the name of an ancient noble family from Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania , which appears for the first time in a document with Bernhardus de Mulsan as arbitrator in the Isfried partition contract of 1194 and whose relatives are mentioned in the Ratzeburg tithe register as feudal men of the Ratzeburg bishop become. The family line begins with Ludolf Moltzan , who is named as Burgmann zu Gadebusch in the years 1256 to 1283.

The older family members are named as Moltzan . Joachim von Maltzan (1492–1556) from the Penzlin tribe changed the name to Maltzan . The members of the Sarov tribe , on the other hand, write Maltzahn .

history

Grave of the knights Heinrich († 1341) and Ludolf († 1331) Maltzahn in the monastery church in Dargun
Gravestone of Ulrich II von Maltzan and his wife Beate, b. von Vieregge , a. D. 1459, in the parish church of Grubenhagen
Hartwig von Maltzahns († 1591) grave slab in the village church of Kummerow
Epitaph of Volrad Levin von Moltzahn (1626–1700) in Kirch Grubenhagen

The Maltza (h) n belong to the Mecklenburg Vorpommern nobility . According to older works on the family history, the family is said to come from the area around Ratzeburg , where the town of Molzahn is also documented from 1246 . The first documented ancestor is Bernhardus de Mulsan , an episcopal Ratzeburg fiefdom in 1194. Bernhard and his descendants acquired property near Ratzeburg as well as fiefdoms from the princes of Mecklenburg near Gadebusch . A Johannes de Multzyan was a Burgmann in Gadebusch and appears around 1230 among the witnesses of the Mecklenburg Prince Johann I and was appointed by him as Vogt after the conquest of the Vogteiburg zu Kummerow . After the comparison of Mecklenburg and Pomerania in 1240, Johann remained Vogt there and was thus also a vassal of the Pomeranian dukes. The Moltzan remained Vögte zu Kummerow until 1320.

From 1256 to 1283 a Ludolfus de Moltshane is mentioned as a witness of the Mecklenburg princes and the princes of Werle . This Ludolf is the oldest sure ancestor of the family line. Some of his descendants were also vassals of the bishops of Schwerin and received further fiefs as episcopal castle men in Bützow , including Kurzen Trechow and Langen Trechow . Over further property in Tribeschendorf and Rothenmoor as well as on Schorssow , the family split up into different tribes based on the brothers Bernhard (exp. 1293 to 1318), Friedrich and Ulrich, two of which became extinct as early as the 15th century. The members of the family living today are descendants of Bernhard.

Bernhard's son Ludolf († 1341) inherited around 1330 from his father-in-law, the Marshal of Pomerania-Stettin Henning von Winterfeld , among other things besides Burg Wolde also Burg Osten an der Tollense with the villages Schmarsow , Vanselow , Roidin and Teusin . Associated with this was the Hereditary Marshal's Office in the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin . Ludolf's sons Bernhard (exp. 1341 to 1393), Heinrich (exp. 1341 to 1359) and Ulrich (exp. 1341 to 1391) shared the father's inheritance. Bernhard received half of the east and the bailiwick in Loitz and founded the east-Kummerow tribe , who with Bernhard's great-great-grandson Hartwig received the bailiwick in Kummerow as a fief again in 1482. Heinrich received the other half from the east and half from Grubenhagen with Schloss- and Kirch-Grubenhagen , Großenluckow , Kleinluckow , Steinhagen and Barz . His descendants received the Bailiwick of Penzlin in 1414 from the princes of Werle and the Wolde castle with goods from Casimir V of Pomerania-Stettin in 1428, from which the Penzlin tribe developed. The third brother Ulrich received the other half of the property in Grubenhagen and founded the (now extinct) tribe of Grubenhagen , who were wealthy in Trechow, Rothenmoor and Schorssow and held the office of hereditary marshal of the Werle lordship .

The latest family history (1979) differentiates for the Maltza (h) ns almost 60 trunks, lines, branches, sub-branches, twigs and houses, the latter partly in older and younger lineages under the same name.

According to Iselin :

“Molzan or Malzan, a noble count and baronial family in Silesia, has its origins in Pomerania and then from Mecklenburg, where a line is flourishing in Pomerania and the Hereditary Marshal's Office of Stettin. This family comes from Ludolf de Molzane or Moltzan, who lived in Pomerania around 1060 and was the first to profess the Christian faith. He built the castle and the church at Engelmünster on the Mecklenburg border and left a son from his wife, Giesela, who lived around 1112, and who witnessed Georgium, who was alive around 1134, and a von Hohenstein 'Ludovicum, of which we thought about the year 1195. He married a 'von Rantzau', Eckernwerde in Mecklenburg and fathered Bernhardinum, which flourished around 1218 and bought the town of Bellin in Mecklenburg. His son Heinrich lived in 1265 and left for Heuricum, who was well respected by Waldemaro, King of Denmark, and was still alive in 1289, afterwards died in Copenhagen with one of 'ancestors', whose family was subsequently elevated to the rank of count he fathered Georgium, lived in 1310 and, through his marriage to a 'von Königsmark', took possession of the Bennikendorf and Heidau estates in the Mark Brandenburg ... "

Tribe Grubenhagen (Moltzan)

The Grubenhageners exchanged half of Grubenhagen for Schorssow with the Wolde-Penzliner Moltzans and acquired several villages between Teterow and Waren , whose lands were united by Ulrich Moltzan († 1572) to form the Ulrichshusen manor . The last descendant of the tribe was Cord Moltzan, who died in a duel in 1815. Most of the property came to the Wartenberg-Militsch line in Silesia, which then largely sold the goods.

Penzlin tribe (Maltzan)

The Penzlin tribe (Maltzan) was also able to rapidly increase its possessions under the brothers Lüdeke († 1529) and Bernd von Moltzan († 1525). Lüdeke acquired Sarow Castle with associated goods and was also enfeoffed with the knight's seat in Neverin . Bernd, on the other hand, initially lost Wolde Castle in 1501 , but was then enfeoffed with the castle and town of Penzlin and acquired part of the Prillwitz rule . Bernd's son Joachim (1492–1556) was active in the highest military and diplomatic services of the Duke of Milan, King Franz, the French King and the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, and in 1523, together with his brother Georg (1501–1562), acquired the status of the state Wartenberg in Silesia. Joachim was also the one who changed the name from Moltzan to Maltzan . In 1530, at the Reichstag in Augsburg , Emperor Charles V elevated the brothers Joachim von Maltzan, lord of the Wartenberg rulership in Silesia, Imperial Councilor and General Field Captain, and Georg von Maltzan, Ducal Mecklenburg Council, to the Bohemian baron and a little later as Freiherr zu Wartenberg and Penzlin in the imperial baronage. Joachim founded the Wartenberg-Militsch line , Georg founded the Penzlin line .

Penzlin line

The line founded by Georg (1501–1562) became impoverished due to the division of property and the devastation during the Thirty Years' War and died out in 1775.

Wartenberg-Militsch line

From 1591 to 1945, the Free State of Militsch in Lower Silesia (last with twelve estates) was owned by the Maltzan. In 1694 the brothers Joachim Wilhelm and Nicolaus Andreas Maltzan, barons of Wartenberg and Penzlin, received the Bohemian counts in Vienna.

In 1702 Hans Heinrich Maltzan acquired the feudal and religious rights to the Penzlin estates from his Penzlin cousin at Neuschloß in Silesia (1640–1706). In 1774 the Maltzans were awarded the Prussian Erboberlandekämmereramt of the Duchy of Silesia (renewed in 1852). In 1805 Ferdinand von Maltzan received the Penzlin, Werder, Bauhof and Neuhof, Krukow, Mallin , Rehse and Wustrow estates as a result of an inheritance settlement with his two brothers Friedrich and Adolph , from which he donated a family entreprise. The Grossen Luckow estate was owned by various lines of the Maltzahn from 1417 to 1945, and finally the Maltzan.

In 1833 there was a Prussian name and coat of arms association with those of the Counts of Wedell as Counts of Maltzan-Wedell .

Sarov tribe (Maltzahn)

The (ext. 1341 to 1393) by Bernhard founded tribe Sarov (Maltzahn) soon split into a line on the east-Kummerow and a line on the belonging to Pomerania Sarov , which in 1516 with other goods, first as a pledge by the Voss at Joachim von Maltzahn came, which soon sparked a feud between the two families. Due to lengthy and costly processes, the line on Sarov was then forced to pledge part of its goods temporarily to the Maltzahn line in Osten-Kummerow. Ludolf's great-grandson Albrecht Joachim (1611–1676) managed to redeem the pledged goods again. In 1646 he again received the Pomeranian part of Wolde that Bernd had lost around 1500 as a fief. Albrecht Joachim's son Hans Jakob (1650–1729) finally redeemed the goods pledged from the east-Kummerow line, which had expired in 1690. In 1854, Mecklenburg-Schwerin recognized the status of baron for district administrator Friedrich Freiherr von Maltzan on Rothenmoor .

Significant possessions and castle buildings of the Maltzahn were Rottmannshagen (1482-1862) and Zettemin and Wolde . Together with Duckow and other Maltzahn estates in the area, they formed a Pomeranian exclave in Mecklenburg for centuries, called dei säben D Address . This exclave was only dissolved in 1937, and the locations changed from the Demmin district to the Malchin district in Mecklenburg . Wolde was exactly on the border between Mecklenburg and Pomerania, both dukes claimed sovereignty and were played off against each other by the Maltzahns and the owner families who followed them until the place was divided in 1873.

With the extinction of the Count von Plessen by marriage , the Sarower Maltzahn inherited the Ivenack estate as well as other goods in 1761 and a name and coat of arms association for Helmuth Freiherr von Maltzahn († 1797), lord of the Ivenack, inherited to the respective owner of the Ivenack as "Freiherr von Maltzahn Graf von Plessen" (as the first-born title in the male line, the other descendants continued to use the name Freiherr / Freiin von Maltzahn). Several members of the tribe were provided with their own goods from the Ivenack inheritance.

Historic possessions

Expropriation in 1945 and re-establishment from 1990

Through the land reform in 1945 , the Maltza (h) n were expropriated and driven from their possessions in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. After reunification in 1990, some branches of the family succeeded in setting up farms in their old homeland, including in Ulrichshusen , Vanselow , Moltzow , Pinnow , Grubenhagen , Krümmel , Gützkow .

coat of arms

Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1902

The split coat of arms shows ( heraldically ) on the right in blue two torn off golden rabbit heads and on the left in gold at the gap an uprooted red vine with a red grape between two red leaves. On the helmet with blue and gold covers on the right and red and gold on the left, there are seven golden posts in front of a natural peacock frond of seven feathers (originally a fan-like umbrella board with a peacock frond on top).

Slightly modified coats of arms can be identified for both lines of the sex in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Derived local coats of arms

Name bearer

Objects

Known family members

literature

  • Christian Georg Evers: Genealogical-historical representation of the descent of the deceased Erb-Land-Marshal Cord Jaspar Ferdinand von Moltzan on Grubenhagen, Rothenmohr, Ulrichshausen and Moltzow c. P., and the counts, barons and nobles Maltzane and Moltzane, who are now living, as pretenders to the von Moltzan-Grubenhäger leanings. Hoepfner, Neubrandenburg 1841. ( digitized version )
  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch : Collection of documents on the history of the Maltzahn family. 5 volumes. Schwerin: Stiller, 1842–1853. ( Digitized version )
  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Joachim von Maltzan or collection of documents on the history of Germany during the first half of the 16th century. Schwerin 1853 ( digitized version )
  • Friedrich von Maltzahn; Albrecht von Maltzan; Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Life pictures from the Maltzan family. Adler's heirs, Rostock 1871
( Digitized from the Harvard University Library copy ). Previous owner: from Borcksche Bibliothek Möllenbeck . With dedication from Friedrich von Maltzan.
  • Berthold Schmidt : History of the family of Maltzan and Maltzahn . 5 volumes in 2 sections. Schleiz 1900-1926. [2]
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume VIII, Volume 113 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1997, pp. 205–208. ISBN 3-7980-0813-2
  • Maltza (h) nscher Familienverband (Hrsg.): The Maltza (h) n 1194–1945. The life path of an East German noble family. Cologne 1979
  • Maltza (h) nscher Familienverband (Hrsg.): Maltza (h) n 1945–2019. Hinstorff, Rostock [a. a.] 2020
  • Karl Eduard Vehse : History of the German courts since the Reformation , Vol. 36
  • Christian von Maltzan: The Maltza (h) n - A family in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania . In: Castles, palaces, manor houses in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Theiss 1992
  • Christoph von Maltzahn:  Maltzan, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , pp. 740-743 ( digitized version ).
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year 1858. Eighth year, p. 423ff.

Web links

Commons : Maltzahn  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to family traditions, the name of the family should be derived from Molzahn near Ratzeburg. The nobility lexicon knows nothing about this.
  2. ↑ So in the nobility dictionary. Vol. VIII. Limburg, 1997. p. 205. The information there "Meckl.-Vorpomm. Uradel" appears to be due to the difference between the first documentary mention (1194) and the beginning of the beginning of the line of origin (1256/83) or the existing ones Uncertainties in spatial positioning in those early days. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania means a region in north-east Germany and not the regional authority or the state that dates much later. - See also the source discussion on the question of origin of gender in: Die Maltza (h) n 1194-1945. The life path of an East German noble family. Cologne, 1979. pp. 12-15.
  3. ↑ Jacob Christof Inselin: New increased historical and geographical common lexicon. 1729, Vol. III, pp. 342-343
  4. ↑ a b See Adelslexikon, Vol. VIII (1997), pp. 205–208. Also referred to in the family as the "Wolde-Penzlin tribe" .
  5. ↑ [1]
  6. ↑ Freiherr von Maltzahn high-sea cutter
  7. ^ Mario Freiherr von Maltzahn leather goods