Milicz

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Milicz
Milicz coat of arms
Milicz (Poland)
Milicz
Milicz
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Milicz
Area : 13.50  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 32 ′  N , 17 ° 17 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 17 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 11,304
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 56-300
Telephone code : (+48) 71
License plate : DMI
Economy and Transport
Street : Krotoszyn - Wroclaw
Rail route : Oleśnica – Chojnice
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 91 localities
52 school authorities
Surface: 435.61 km²
Residents: 24,172
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 55 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0213033
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayor : Jacek Supeł
Address: ul. Trzebnicka 2
56-300 Milicz
Website : www.milicz.pl



Milicz [ ˈmʲiliʧ ] ( German Militsch ) is a town in the powiat Milicki in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia with about 12,000 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The small town is located on the Bartsch ( Barycz ) in Lower Silesia , about 55 km north-northeast of Wroclaw .

history

Time of the Silesian Piasts

Ruins of the former Piast castle from the 14th century

The first settlement is likely to have occurred in the 11th century. Miliche Castle is mentioned in a bull by Pope Innocent II as early as 1136 as the property of the Diocese of Breslau . In 1223 Militsch owned a parish church. In the 12th century it was the seat of a castellany the Piast , 1245, the survey was conducted for the city. In 1331 the city fell temporarily to Bohemia , and in 1358 the city and castle were sold by the Wroclaw bishops to the Piasts from Oels , who built the Gothic castle in today's castle park.

Under the crown of Bohemia

Militsch Castle, owned by Count Maltzan from 1591–1945

In 1492 the last Piastic Duke of Oels died and the little country was confiscated as a settled fief from King Vladislav II Jagiellonicus . In 1494 the king gave Militsch to his chamberlain Sigismund III. Kurzbach . He had already received Trachenberg (today Żmigród ) from his king in 1492 . Both lords were united to form a free class rule , the first in Silesia.

After Sigismund's death, the estates were divided between his sons and two mini-states emerged, the Trachenberg and Militsch territories. The Kurzbach vigorously pursued the German colonization of the previously sparsely populated, mainly Polish country, by recruiting many farmers from Swabia ; Under the Kurzbach, the Militscher Land became the Silesian center of carp breeding, many huge ponds were created, the largest of which had an area of ​​500 hectares. The last heiress of the free class regime, Eva Popelia Kurzbach b. Countess von Lobkowitz , ceded her inheritance to her husband Joachim von Maltzan in 1591 . Thus, the rule passed to the Maltzan family, with whom it remained until 1945.

Under the crown of Prussia

The Church of Grace from Militisch , around 1750
Painting by Max Liebermann “Dorfstrasse in Militsch”, 1883

With the preliminary peace in Breslau , Silesia became Prussian in 1742 . The lords of Militsch were active as industrial founders by creating several cloth manufacturers and other textile companies. The Maltzans also built the Protestant Gnadenkirche, the baroque castle and the Catholic Church of St. Anne. From 1816 Militsch was the seat of the Militsch district of the same name . The 19th century brought further development to the city: In 1809 the Maltzan lost their feudal rights, and by 1850 Militsch owned a new town hall (destroyed in 1945 when the Red Army marched in), sewerage and water pipes.

In 1875 the city received railway connections with Oels , Breslau and Krotoschin , about 20 years later also a narrow-gauge railway , which the city u. a. associated with Trebnitz , Trachenberg and Breslau. Around 1900 Militsch had a Protestant church of grace from 1709, a Catholic and an Old Lutheran church, a synagogue and a district court. Until 1945 Militsch belonged in the German Reich to the district Militsch in district Breslau the Prussian province of Lower Silesia .

1945 until today

City Market Square (2015).

At the end of World War II , the Red Army captured Militsch in January 1945 . The residents had previously been evacuated. The art treasures in the castle, Germany's largest collection of wall clocks, a large collection of copper engravings (value in 1914: 13 million marks ), a picture gallery and a rich library, were transported to the Soviet Union as looted art , unless the Maltzans did it to Austria in 1944 or had transferred West Germany. On the other hand, Maria Countess von Maltzan tells in her memories Beat the drum and don't be afraid that nothing could be saved. Soviet soldiers were stationed in the city for months. They looted the graves of Count Andreas († 1921) and his wife and scattered their bones in the palace gardens. In March 1945 the Soviet Union placed Militsch, like all of Lower Silesia, under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland .

She introduced the Polish place name Milicz for Militsch and drove out the returned residents until 1947. In their place came Poles , some of whom had themselves been expelled from eastern Poland .

The city was the seat of the Powiat Milicki ( Militscher District ) until 1975 , then until 1999 an urban and rural municipality in the Wroclaw Voivodeship . Since 2000 the city has been a district town again.

Population development until 1945

year Residents Remarks
1803 1,332
1810 1,896
1816 2,097 1,600 Protestants, 428 Catholics and 69 Jews
1821 2.110
1825 2,207 including 453 Catholics and 60 Jews
1840 2,231 1,839 Protestants, 297 Catholics and 95 Jews
1875 3,385
1880 3,486
1890 3,822 including 2,993 Evangelicals, 690 Catholics and 139 Jews
1905 3,692 (with the garrison consisting of four squadrons of Uhlans from Regiment No. 1), mostly Evangelicals
1933 4,579
1939 5,402
Population since 1945
year Residents Remarks
2009 11,899

Attractions

Parish Church of St. Andrew Bobola
St. Anne's Church
Castle Park

traffic

The town has a railway station on the Oleśnica – Chojnice railway line that is no longer used for passenger transport, and there used to be a circular railway .

Twin cities

Municipality (Gmina)

Milicz is one of the largest municipalities ( Gmina ) in Poland. It has an area of ​​435.6 km². 41% of the municipal area is used for agriculture, 43% is covered with forest.

The population is engaged in agriculture and forestry.

Residents

The town of Milicz has 11,899 and the parish has a total of 24,341.

education

The Milicz municipality has two high schools (liceum), four middle schools (gimnazjum), seven elementary schools (Szkoła podstawowa) and a kindergarten (Przedszkole).

Sołectwo

Milicz comprises 91 localities, which are grouped into 52 Sołectwo (school offices).

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities with a connection to the city

  • Heinrich von Salisch (1846–1920), landlord in Postel, transformed his forest property there into a model forest area and died in Postel
  • Walter von Reichenau (1884–1942), German Field Marshal General, brother-in-law of Maria Countess von Maltzan, married Alix von Maltzan in 1919 in the Gnadenkirche

literature

in order of appearance
  • Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, towns and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration . Breslau 1830, pp. 969-967.
  • Karl August Müller: Patriotic images, or history and description of all castles and knight palaces in Silesia and the county of Glatz. Second edition, Glogau 1844, pp. 198–204.
  • Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, pp. 872–873.
  • Fritz Bloch : The Jews in Militsch. A chapter in the history of the settlement of Jews in Silesia , Breslau 1926
  • Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 .
  • Maria Countess von Maltzan , beat the drum and do not be afraid. Memories , Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main and Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-548-20941-6
  • Klaus Ullmann, Silesian Lexicon. Wuerzburg 1992

Web links

Commons : Milicz  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Militsch in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 13, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 836.
  3. ↑ "A tragedy on both sides" . Article by Roswitha Oschmann, General-Anzeiger (Bonn) from January 14, 2011
  4. ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 ( Memento from April 8, 2009 on WebCite ) (Polish)
  5. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 338–379, item 441.
  6. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, towns and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration . Breslau 1830, pp. 969-967.
  7. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, pp. 872–873.
  8. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Militsch district (Polish Milicz). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ↑ a b Główny Urząd Statystyczny, "LUDNOŚĆ - STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM" ( Memento of May 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) as of June 30, 2010
  10. ↑ Entry about the twin cities on the homepage of the city of Springe. Retrieved on April 23, 2019, 9:49 pm
  11. ↑ regioste.pl (pl / en)