Gadebusch

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Gadebusch
Gadebusch
Map of Germany, position of the city of Gadebusch highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 42 '  N , 11 ° 7'  E

Basic data
State : Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County : Northwest Mecklenburg
Office : Gadebusch
Height : 31 m above sea level NHN
Area : 47.65 km 2
Residents: 5463 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 115 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 19205
Area code : 03886
License plate : NWM, GDB, GVM, WIS
Community key : 13 0 74 021

City administration address :
Am Markt 1
19205 Gadebusch
Website : www.gadebusch.de
Mayor : Arne Schlien ( CDU )
Location of the city of Gadebusch in the district of Northwest Mecklenburg
Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein Schwerin Landkreis Rostock Landkreis Rostock Landkreis Ludwigslust-Parchim Landkreis Ludwigslust-Parchim Bad Kleinen Barnekow Bobitz Dorf Mecklenburg Groß Stieten Hohen Viecheln Lübow Metelsdorf Ventschow Dragun Gadebusch Kneese Krembz Mühlen Eichsen Rögnitz Roggendorf (Mecklenburg) Veelböken Bernstorf Gägelow Stepenitztal Stepenitztal Stepenitztal Roggenstorf Rüting Testorf-Steinfort Upahl Warnow (bei Grevesmühlen) Damshagen Hohenkirchen (Mecklenburg) Kalkhorst Klütz Zierow Alt Meteln Bad Kleinen Brüsewitz Cramonshagen Dalberg-Wendelstorf Gottesgabe (bei Schwerin) Grambow (bei Schwerin) Klein Trebbow Lübstorf Lützow (Mecklenburg) Perlin Pingelshagen Pokrent Schildetal Seehof (Mecklenburg) Zickhusen Benz (bei Wismar) Blowatz Boiensdorf Hornstorf Krusenhagen Neuburg (Mecklenburg) Bibow Glasin Jesendorf Jesendorf Lübberstorf Neukloster Passee Warin Züsow Zurow Carlow (Mecklenburg) Dechow Groß Molzahn Holdorf (Mecklenburg) Königsfeld (Mecklenburg) Rehna Rehna Rehna Rieps Schlagsdorf Thandorf Utecht Wedendorfersee Dassow Grieben (Mecklenburg) Lüdersdorf Menzendorf Roduchelstorf Schönberg (Mecklenburg) Selmsdorf Siemz-Niendorf Boltenhagen Grevesmühlen Insel Poel Poel Wismarmap
About this picture
Gadebusch Castle , a rare example of the brick Renaissance , built in 1573

Gadebusch is a town in the district of Northwest Mecklenburg , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany). It is the administrative seat of the office of Gadebusch , to which another seven communities belong. The place is a basic center .

geography

The city is located south of the headwaters of the Radegast , which flows over the Stepenitz and Trave into the Baltic Sea . It is located halfway between Lübeck and Schwerin and is part of the Hamburg metropolitan region .

In the area of ​​the city there are two lakes: directly east of the city ​​center the Burgsee with a size of five hectares and the Neddersee north of the city and southwest of the place Güstow. The Neddersee has a size of 32 hectares, lies at a height of 27 meters above sea ​​level and is traversed by the Radegast. The valley of the Radegast is the lowest point of the urban area, the highest is at 76.5 meters above sea level west of the town of Möllin on the city limits between the Galgenberg and the Schäferberg. Directly east of the town center of Gadebusch is a 120 hectare mixed forest area, which is designated as a landscape protection area.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are Wedendorfersee , Veelböken , Dragun , Lützow , Pokrent , Krembz , Roggendorf and Holdorf .

City structure

The districts belong to Gadebusch

  • Buchholz
  • Ganzow village
  • Ganzow
  • Güstow
  • Klein Hundorf
  • Möllin
  • New building yard
  • Reinhardtsdorf
  • Stresdorf
  • Wakenstädt

There are also the settlements An der Flöte, Bauhof, Güstow Werder, Jarmstorf, Klein Hundorf and Neu Güstow within the urban area.

The former districts of Jarmstorf and Amt Bauhof have merged into the core city. Village Ganzow and Hof Ganzow have been districts of the city of Gadebusch since 1970.

history

Matthäus Merian : City view from 1653

Surname

The name is mentioned for the first time as a landscape designation provincia Godebuz in the Isfried partition contract of 1194, and Godebuz is said to have been used as a place name in 1210. This place name can also be found in the town seal from 1225. At the same time, the spelling Chotebuz occurs. The name changed to Godebusch (1358) and finally to Gadebusch (1514). The old Polish place name Chotĕbuz means place of Chotĕbud (personal name) . Comparable is the place name Cottbus , Chóśebuz in Lower Sorbian (mentioned at the beginning of the 13th century as Chotebuz ).

middle Ages

The first settlement near Gadebusch is said to have been an Abodritic castle wall in the 8th century , next to which a village was built. Both were strategically located on a hill in a swamp and lake area. At the beginning of the 12th century Gadebusch belonged to the area of ​​the Abodritic part of the Polabian tribe . In 1142 Heinrich the Lion enfeoffed the Saxon Count Heinrich von Badewide with the land of the Polabians, which soon became known as the County of Ratzeburg after its main town . Initially, this did not change the cultural, economic and religious traditions of the Wends. Only in the course of the Slavic Crusade was the Slavic castle complex in Gadebusch likely to have been destroyed and then a small German settlement emerged as a border station to the neighboring area of ​​the Abodrites. This was cremated in autumn 1158 by an Abodritic contingent under Pribislaw and Wertislaw , who with the successful attack released their father Niklot , who had been imprisoned by Heinrich the Lion in Lüneburg . In 1225 Nicholas II, Lord of Gadebusch, died here after falling from the castle. The place was colonized by Germans in the 12th century, as were the two districts of Ganzow and Möllin, which are listed as Ganzowe and Malin in the Isfried partition agreement. The location on the long-distance trade route Schwerin - Lübeck favored further development. Gadebusch was granted city rights (civis) as early as 1225, making it one of the oldest cities in Mecklenburg. In 1201 the city fell to the Prince of Mecklenburg. In 1220 the construction of the late Romanesque brick church of St. Jakob began. Burgvogt was the knight Detlef von Gadebusch around 1227 . The parish of Gadebusch with the localities that belonged to it at that time is mentioned in 1230 in the Ratzeburg tithe register , which lists the localities that then belonged to the diocese of Ratzeburg according to parishes . The town hall was built from 1340.

16th to 18th century

Coat of arms from 1618
Copper threes z. Currently Adolf Friedrich I. minted in Gadebusch
Value side of the copper three-piece from 1622 from Gadebusch

From the beginning, Gadebusch also had the right to mint . The Gadebusch coin was of particular importance in the 16th and 17th centuries.

From 1570 to 1620 Gadebusch was a residence of the administrators of Ratzeburg , although the city was not part of their secular territory . The castle of the dukes was built in place of the already existing castle from the 12th century in the 16th century. The main building that has been preserved for the administrator Christoph von Mecklenburg dates from 1571. The town hall was largely renovated in 1618. Gadebusch was a country town in Mecklenburg and until 1918 represented as part of the towns of the Mecklenburg district on state parliaments.

In the Great Northern War , Denmark and Sweden met in the Battle of Gadebusch (also Battle of Wakenstädt) in 1712 .

Witch trials

Gadebusch were in the witch hunts , according to an extract from the Witch Museum Penzlin 37 people in witch trials, tried, convicted and even executed. In 1648 Margarete Saß was executed at the stake, her sister suffered the same fate. A woman from the city who was also accused of witchcraft, Grete Langhof, preferred suicide to tormentors and strangled herself in prison in 1667.

The city council of Gadebusch rehabilitated the victims of the witch hunt / witch trials on December 14, 2015.

Recent history

One of the Gadebusch Jews still lived in the city in February 1942, the widow of a non-Jew and mother of a soldier who died in 1939. She was taken to Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1944 and liberated there in 1945. The Second World War went off lightly for the rest of the population. Only two bombs fell without causing any significant damage. When the British Army passed Gadebusch on May 2, 1945 on the way to Lübeck, a skirmish broke out. On November 13, 1945, the Barber-Lyaschtschenko Agreement was signed in Gadebusch to clean up the borders between Mecklenburg and Schleswig-Holstein .

On July 1, 1950, the previously independent municipalities of Amt Bauhof, Buchholz bei Gadebusch, Güstow, Möllin and Wakenstädt were incorporated.

On 25 July 1952 the former county Schwerin and small areas of was from the western part of the district Schoenberg the county Gadebusch formed. He belonged to the newly formed GDR district of Schwerin . From 1965 to 1988, a large residential area with 732 prefabricated apartments was built in the northwest . The district came to the newly founded state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the Federal Republic of Germany on October 3, 1990 . On June 12, 1994, the Gadebusch district was dissolved and merged into the Northwest Mecklenburg district . As a district town, Gadebusch was given more administrative functions.

From 1991 the historic city center with the town hall and the castle was also completely renovated within the framework of urban development funding.

Population development

year Residents
1990 6760
1995 6534
2000 6168
2005 5928
2010 5688
year Residents
2015 5501
2016 5507
2017 5481
2018 5530
2019 5463

Status: December 31 of the respective year

politics

City council

The city council of Gadebusch consists of 16 members and the mayor. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result:

Party / list Seats
CDU 5
Future for Gadebusch (ZfG) 4th
The left 3
Gadebusch Citizens' Community (GBG) 3
SPD 1
total 16

mayor

  • 1990–1994: Rudolf Pieper
  • 1994-2002: Ingrid Schafranski
  • 2002–2019: Ulrich Howest (SPD)
  • since 2019: Arne Schlien (CDU)

Schlien was elected in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 59.3% of the valid votes.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the city of Gadebusch
Blazon : "On the right a gold crowned black bull's head looking forward with a torn red mouth, silver teeth, a knocked-out red tongue, the neck fur torn off in seven points and silver horns, on the left a torn green bush with three-pointed leaves."

The coat of arms was established on April 10, 1858 by Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, redrawn in 1997 as part of the flag approval by the Schwerin heraldist Heinz Kippnick and registered under the number 133 of the coat of arms of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Justification of the coat of arms: Gadebusch's oldest town seal - shield-shaped in the style of the first half of the 13th century - shows an uncrowned bull's head, the diminished emblem of the Lords of Mecklenburg. Only the seal image of the SECRETVM CONSVLVM GODEBVZ - first handed down as an impression in the first half of the 14th century - shows a crowned bull's head with a neck fur and next to it a tree (bush) with three-pointed leaves. A full coat of arms of the city from 1618 attached to the town hall, on the other hand, shows the Mecklenburg bull's head in the split shield in front and a torn linden tree in the back. However, the aforementioned secret image served as a template for the design of the coat of arms in Schwerin Castle. After the Second World War, Gadebusch carried a coat of arms following on from the coat of arms from 1618: the black bull's head from Mecklenburg in the split shield in front, a green linden tree in silver in the back. In 1997 the version was restored to the form established in 1858. It combines a rulership symbol, the bull's head typical of the Mecklenburg line of the Princely House, with a speaking symbol for the place name, a bush. While the bull's head refers to the lord of the city, the bush adopted from the later seal image represents a popular interpretation of the final syllable of the city name, although the place name is of Slavic origin and is derived from a personal name (place of Godebud'z).

flag

The flag was designed by the Schwerin heraldist Heinz Kippnick and approved on August 11, 1997 by the Ministry of the Interior.

The flag is made of green cloth. it is occupied in the middle with the city coat of arms, which occupies two thirds of the height and one third of the length of the flag cloth. The length of the flag is related to the height as 5: 3.

Official seal

The official seal shows the city coat of arms with the inscription "STADT GADEBUSCH".

Town twinning

Gadebusch maintains a town partnership with the following cities :

Sights and culture

See also the list of architectural monuments in Gadebusch

town hall

Town hall and town church of Gadebusch

The town hall on the market square was built around 1340. In 1618 it was renewed using the medieval building and the current main gable with the court arbor and the rear were built.

City Church

View of the church from the north
Wollbrügger Strasse

The Church of St. James and St. Dionysius , whose construction approximately 1210 still in the late Romanesque started style, is one of the oldest hall churches of brick Gothic architecture in northwest Mecklenburg to one of the most important churches in Northern Germany. It was laid out as a three-aisled hall church. The tower was built at the beginning of the 14th century. The choir , which was also built with three aisles, with a strongly elevated central nave, and the northern chapel extensions date from the beginning of the 15th century. The triumphal arch is slightly pointed and slightly wider than the central nave. The round arched south portal is adorned by columns with ornamented brick capitals. The Lady Chapel on the north side of the nave was donated in 1420 by the Swedish Queen Agnes. In 1955 the nave was restored. The original painting from the middle of the 13th century was uncovered, a rich medieval ornamentation with depictions of animals and a depiction of Christophorus . During this repair, fixtures from 1842 were also removed; they are still preserved in the choir. The altar is neo-Gothic with a painting by Carl Georg Schumacher .

The most valuable work of art inside is the bronze Fünte (baptismal font) from 1450. It was made using casting technology. The baptismal font is decorated with eleven expressive reliefs that show 21 scenes of the Passion of Christ and the founder Hinrich Koppelmann. The cauldron is carried by three kneeling angel figures. The pulpit is from 1607 and is decorated with carvings (Christ and four evangelists ). The interior also includes a large panel painting from the 16th century showing members of the Swedish royal family, brass chandeliers from 1582 and several wall sconces from the 16th and 17th centuries. Several interesting tombstones can also be seen in the church.

lock

→ See: Main article Schloss Gadebusch

Gadebusch Castle on the Schlossberg is a typical example of the North German brick renaissance , built from 1570 to 1573 on a Slavic rampart castle .

Museums

  • Local history museum in the former official barn, opened in 2006
  • Memorial courtyard "Rauchhaus", branch of the local history museum in the Möllin district
  • "Schwedenhütte" in the district of Wakenstädt, log cabin in the style of a Swedish soldiers' hut from the 18th century with an exhibition on the archeology of the battle of 1712

Historical monuments

Ornamental fountain

On July 2, 2011, the Münzschlägerbrunnen was ceremoniously unveiled on the northeast side of the Gadebusch town hall .
The fountain including the figure (a naked, muscular man) is made of bronze and, with its 80 cm high granite base, reaches a height of 210 cm. In a slightly exaggerated representation, it illustrates the history of the city, which had a mint in the Middle Ages (1542 to 1624) . The work of art, inaugurated on the occasion of the 2011 Mint Festival, was donated to the city by the Sparkasse Foundation and the Schotte family from Gadebusch. The family had commissioned it from the sculptor Wolfgang Knorr .
Description: "65 copies of original coins , which are stored in the
Münzkabinett Schwerin , adorn the base". The idea generator Gerhard Schotte was allowed to make silicone impressions of the coins for the work of art in the coin cabinet. Each coin reproduced here refers to people from contemporary history such as Albrecht the Beautiful (1542), Johann Albrecht I or Adolf Friedrich I , Duke of Mecklenburg. The man with the strong arm checks the embossed image one more time before the blow and lifts the stamp again. - Knorr has designed a small wing on the bat's left shoulder blade and thus places his representation a little in the mythical realm.
In 2016, visitors to the city were able to purchase a replica of the 1549 coin, which is considered a Reformation thaler. The suggestion came from the Friends' Association of the city church, which also received the income.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Gadebusch has always been primarily a local trade and service center. Until well into the 20th century, Gadebusch was a country town in which the citizens 'and arable citizens' own agriculture played an important role.

Industry played and continues to play a subordinate role. After the railway was built, some companies were able to develop. Around 1960 the construction of an industrial area between the railway line and the trunk road to Schwerin began. Until around 1990, there were a few companies in the food industry in Gadebusch (dairy, large bakery, pasta factory) as well as a shoe manufacture and construction companies that were also active outside the area.

Most of these companies did not survive the economic upheaval in 1990, but new companies emerged, including a. meat processing and a supplier to the automotive industry.

A significant part of the working population commutes to Schwerin, Lübeck and Hamburg .

traffic

Gadebusch railway station

The federal highways B 104 ( Lübeck - Schwerin ) and B 208 ( Wismar - Ratzeburg ) cross in the city. A bypass road was built for the B 104 in the 1990s . The A 20 federal motorway is 17 kilometers away and can be reached via the Schönberg junction .

Gadebusch station is on the Schwerin – Rehna railway line and is served by the regional line RB 13 ( Rehna - Schwerin - Parchim ) of the East German Railway .

In 1897 the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway opened the railway line from Schwerin to Rehna via Gadebusch. The station was built just outside the city. Freight traffic was also operated on the route for almost 100 years. Its peak was reached around 1970 when, in addition to the freight station, there was also a siding for several companies in the industrial area. Coal, building materials, agricultural machinery and fertilizers were transported to Gadebusch, while mainly agricultural products such as grain, sugar beet and slaughter cattle were shipped.

Gadebusch is on the long-distance cycle route Hamburg – Rügen .

education

Sports

The club TSG Gadebusch (in the GDR: Einheit Gadebusch), founded in 1946, plays in the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania regional class in the 2019/2020 season.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with Gadebusch

literature

  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, reprint Schwerin 1992, p. 456 ff. ISBN 3-910179-06-1

Web links

Commons : Gadebusch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Regional Spatial Development Program West Mecklenburg (2011) , Regional Planning Association, accessed on July 12, 2015
  3. § 2 of the main statute of the city of Gadebusch
  4. Whether an equipment certificate of the content of MUB I, No. 59 [1] with the date 1154 ever existed is unclear. The mention of the landscape name there is due to the lack of a document reproducing the introduction of the Ratzeburg tithe register from 1230. The document MUB I, 88 [2] , dated 1167, is a forgery from the 13th century (references to this can be found in Karl Jordan: Founding of the Diocese of Heinrich the Lion. Studies on the history of East German colonization. Leipzig 1939, page 30)
  5. The document has not been preserved, the content and the date are reconstructed in MUB I, No. 192 [3] from the Schwerin letters of 1603
  6. Ernst Eichler, Werner Mühlner: The names of the cities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Ingo-Koch-Verlag, Rostock 2002, p. 65
  7. Hans-Otto Gaethke: Duke Heinrich the Lion and the Slavs northeast of the lower Elbe. Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1999, ISBN 3-631-34652-2 ( Kieler Werkstücke. Series A: Contributions to Schleswig-Holstein and Scandinavian history. 24), (At the same time: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1998), p 173.
  8. Helmold , Slawenchronik Volume I, Chapter 98: Non recogitas, quod pater noster Niclotus cum Lunenburg teneretur in custodia .
  9. City archive Gadebusch: The witch trials in Mecklenburg ( Memento of the original from December 22nd, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gadebusch.de
  10. The city council of Gadebusch rehabilitated the victims of the witch hunt / witch trials on December 14, 2015.
  11. Bernd Kasten: Persecution and deportation of the Jews in Mecklenburg 1938-1945 . State Center for Civic Education Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Ed.), Schwerin 2008, p. 33, ISBN 978-3-940207-16-6
  12. Population development of the districts and municipalities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Statistical Report AI of the Statistical Office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
  13. ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
  14. Mayor of the city of Gadebusch
  15. ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
  16. Hans-Heinz Schütt: On shield and flag - the coats of arms and flags of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and its municipalities . Ed .: production office TINUS; Schwerin. 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814380-0-0 , pp. 160-162 .
  17. a b main statute § 1 (PDF).
  18. New exhibition in Wakenstädt. In: North German Latest News , August 22, 2016.
  19. Sabrina Panknin: Münzschläger unveiled. Gadebusch-Rehnaer Zeitung, July 5, 2011, accessed on June 22, 2020 .
  20. Volker Bohlmann: Münzschläger moves to the town hall , on SVZ , 2020.
  21. ^ A thaler for Mecklenburg , accessed on June 22, 2020.