Heinrich von Bathide

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Heinrich von Bathide (also: Heinrich von Bodewide , Bodwide , bathing , Badwide ) (* unknown; † 1164 ) was 1138–1139 Count of Holstein and Stormarn , then Count in Wagrien , and from 1142 Count of Polabia and Ratzeburg . He was the founder of the short-lived count family named after him, the Badwiden .

Heinrich von Bathide came from a noble free family resident in Lüneburg , probably named after his property in Bode near Ebstorf (northwest of Uelzen ). According to a more recent opinion, he is the son of Count Heinrich II of Hamburg, attested in 1112, younger son of Count Heinrich I , Count of Hamburg from the Billunger family . He married a relative of King Waldemar the Great of Denmark, unknown by name . His brothers were Helmold and Volrad, although the latter was not, as is often assumed, the first Count of Dannenberg .

Count of Holstein and Stormarn

In 1138 Heinrich the Proud , Duke of Saxony and Bavaria from the house of the Guelphs , fell into the imperial ban . The Ascanian Albrecht the Bear became the new Duke of Saxony . This made the knight Heinrich von Bathide Count of Holstein and Stormarn. The previous incumbent, Adolf II von Schauenburg , who was loyal to the welf , had to give way. In the winter of 1138/39 Heinrich von Badewide devastated the Wagrier territory in a retaliatory campaign, but without taking their castles in Plön , Lütjenburg and Oldenburg . It was not until the summer of 1139 that the heavily fortified Plön Castle was conquered by a contingent of the Holsten, probably under the leadership of their Overboden Marcrad I.

Count of Wagrien

In 1139 Heinrich the Proud tried to recapture the Duchy of Saxony, but died surprisingly on October 20th in Quedlinburg . Nevertheless, under pressure from Adolf II. Von Schauenburg, Heinrich von Badewide had to evacuate northern Albingia; on his retreat he destroyed the count's castle in Hamburg and the Siegesburg in Segeberg . After that he succeeded in getting the rule over Wagrien, which he conquered in 1138/39 , from Gertrud, the widow of Heinrich the Proud and mother of Henry the Lion , who was not in favor of Count Adolf II.

Count of Ratzeburg

Heinrichstein in memory of Heinrich von bath side at the Ratzeburg cathedral

In May 1142, after Henry the Lion of King Conrad III. had been enfeoffed with the paternal duchy of Saxony, the duke found a compromise between Count Heinrich von Badewide and Adolf II. von Schauenburg. Adolf II received Holstein and Stormarn as well as (for a reasonable purchase price) Wagrien, and Heinrich von Badewide received the land of the Polabians instead , as a newly created county. The main place was the old Abodritic Gauburg von Ratzeburg, after which the county was finally named. Duke Heinrich kept the Elbe crossing ( Ertheneburg ) and the Sadelbande (southern Lauenburg). Until 1154 Heinrich von bath side is referred to as Count of the Polabians ( Comes Polaborum ), and only afterwards as Count of Ratzeburg. In 1162 he was also announced as Vogt of the Ratzeburg diocese . When it was re-established in 1154, he made 300 Hufen land available to equip the diocese and left the island in the Ratzeburg Lake near the castle to the newly appointed Bishop Evermod for the construction of the Ratzeburg Cathedral and the homes of the Bishop and Cathedral Chapter.

In the summer of 1149 he and Adolf II took part in the campaign of Henry the Lion to subdue Dithmarschens , and as a result he was a loyal follower of the Duke of Saxony until his death. He recruited many Westphalians to settle his area.

After Heinrich's death in 1164, he was followed by his eldest son, Bernhard I of Ratzeburg, as Count of Ratzeburg. He had his father erect a memorial stone that is still preserved today in the Ratzeburg cathedral courtyard . The stone bears the (Latin) inscription:

“During the times of King Conrad and Duke Heinrich of Saxony, Count Heinrich came to Ratzeburg and was the first to give Christianity a solid foundation. Rest his soul in peace. Amen."

Web links

literature

  • Joachim Herrmann (ed.): The Slavs in Germany . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1970.
  • Joachim Herrmann: The Slavs in Germany. History and culture of the Slavic tribes west of Oder and Neisse from the 6th to 12th centuries . 4th edition, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1985 (publications of the Central Institute for Ancient History and Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Vol. 14).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Günther Bock: Upheavals in Polabia during the 11th century. In: Felix Biermann u. a. (Ed.): Transformations and upheavals of the 12th / 13th centuries Century. (= Contributions of the section on Slavic early history at the 19th annual conference of the Central and East German Association for Antiquity Research in Görlitz, March 1st to 3rd, 2010) Langenweißbach 2012, pp. 67–82, p. 78.
  2. ^ Commemorative stone of Heinrich von Badewide in Ratzeburg
predecessor Office successor
Adolf II Count of Holstein
1137–1142 		Adolf II
personal data
SURNAME Heinrich von Bathide
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heinrich von Bodewide; Heinrich von Bodwide; Heinrich von Badewin; Heinrich von Badwide
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count of Botwide and Ratzeburg
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century or 12th century
DATE OF DEATH 1164
Place of death at Verchen