Ertheneburg

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Ertheneburg
Ertheneburg: Wall passage of the former gate system from the north

Ertheneburg: Wall passage of the former gate system from the north

Alternative name (s): Striepenborg
Creation time : First mentioned in 1106
Castle type : Höhenburg, ramparts
Conservation status: Castle stable, wall and moat remains
Place: Schnakenbek
Geographical location 53 ° 22 '43 "  N , 10 ° 29' 47"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 22 '43 "  N , 10 ° 29' 47"  E
Ertheneburg (Schleswig-Holstein)
Ertheneburg

The Ertheneburg is an Outbound 1106 first documented fortification on Elbe crossing the Old Salt Road in Schnakenbek in the Duchy of Lauenburg in Schleswig-Holstein .

location

The Ertheneburg the medieval sources since 1826 with the allegedly as previously Striepenborg designated ramparts equated at the high north bank of the Elbe west of Schnakenbek. There the presence of a medieval castle complex is confirmed by archaeological findings. The criticism of this equation refers to the ambiguous written sources and suspects the Ertheneburg on the southern bank of the Elbe in Artlenburg , but without being able to prove the existence of a castle in Artlenburg before 1182 by excavation finds. The discussion began in 2017 with the newly discovered archaeological finds (cf. "Excavations") from the south bank, which confirmed the existence of a settlement there from the 11th / 12th centuries. Century document, while such evidence is still missing on the north bank, new food.

construction

The remains of the castle are formed by an arched ring wall with the open side facing south. Here the steep slope drops 30 meters towards the Elbe. A ditch up to 4 meters deep connects to the wall in the north and east , which is separated in the north by an earth bridge. This leads through a wall passage into the castle, which has an area of ​​65 by 100 meters. The original shape of the castle can no longer be recognized from these remains. According to a map from 1723, the wall and moat were still there in the southern area. According to this, the south side of the fortification would have plunged into the Elbe in the 18th century, a possible apron earlier if necessary. Correspondingly, at the beginning of the 19th century, huge stones were found in the Elbe below the steep slope, which could be the foundation stones of the southern fortification. Arnold von Lübeck reports that the Ertheneburg had a stone curtain wall in 1182.

history

Magnus of Saxony died in 1106 on the Ertheneburg - portrait after Johann Agricola 1562

The Ertheneburg served to secure the Elbe crossing of the Old Salt Road between Lüneburg and Lübeck . Their soft picture lay on the opposite bank of the Elbe in Artlenburg . The name of the castle is borrowed from that of a river called Ertene , which may have been a southern tributary of the Elbe, but more likely an Elbarm. The Annalista Saxo mentions a Count Siegfried von Ertheneburg as early as 1026, who is said to be identical to the Siegfried von Ertheneburg documented in Albert von Stade's chronicle for the "beginning of the thirties of the 12th century".

On August 23, 1106, Duke Magnus of Saxony from the Billunger family died on the Ertheneburg; his death marked the end of the Billung rule, the duchy fell to the later Emperor Lothar von Supplinburg , the family property passed through his daughters to the families of the Guelphs and Ascanians . In 1129 the Abodritic Prince Swinike, son of Swentipolk, was killed in Ertheneburg. With him the abodritic dynasty of the Naconids expired .

The castle only reappears under Heinrich the Lion , who crossed the Elbe with his army here at the start of the Slavic Crusade in 1147 . In 1164 Heinrich appointed Count Reinold von Dithmarschen as owner of the castle and administrator of the nobility gang . The Duke of Guelph stayed at the Ertheneburg several times: in 1163 he gave the Artlenburger privilege here in a state parliament and in 1169, 1170 and 1174 he had documents drawn up for Ertheneburg. The bishop Udo von Halberstadt was held captive by Heinrich on the Ertheneburg. In 1181 Heinrich set fire to the castle while fleeing from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa . The Ertheneburg was then torn down by Bernhard von Sachsen and the material used to build the Lauenburg . When a Nova Ertheneburg and subsequently the Ertheneburg are mentioned in the medieval sources for the period after 1182, it is therefore the area of ​​Artlenburg on the southern side of the Elbe.

Excavations

The first archaeological excavation took place in 1923. Larger, humus-filled pits, a burn site with clay , shards, larger stones lined up in a row, larger stones without mortar connection, charcoal, plaster, animal bones as well as iron fittings and weapons were found. A final evaluation of the excavation finds is still pending. The wall cut made in 1951 uncovered a shard of late Slavic character decorated with belt furrows from the core wall, so that the wall could not have been built until after the year 1000. Further excavations in 1979/1980 produced mainly late Slavic ceramics from the 12th century, but also a coin from the time of Henry the Lion. Again, there were settlements made of rocks, the meaning of which could not be determined. In contrast, there are no house floor plans and post discoloration. Based on the findings from the Neolithic period that were also recovered to a large extent, the result was that the investigated area was first settled in the Early Stone Age and then again in the Middle Ages.

In 2017 and 2018 archaeological excavations were carried out on the southern bank of the Elbe in Artlenburg in a new building area that is about 400 meters southeast of the Ertheneburg. The remains of an early to high medieval settlement were uncovered. Slavic and Saxon ceramics, including the remains of a spherical pot , are among the finds recovered from garbage pits and wells . There were also metal finds, such as scissors and a jackknife. One coin find is half a silver denarius belonging to Duke Bernhard I. A charcoal investigation dated the finds in the period between 1025 and 1157. The finds show that during the existence of the Ertheneburg, a short distance away from the ramparts on the north bank on the south bank of the Elbe was a settlement. Since the proof of a civil settlement to the castle on the north side of the river is still pending, the question arises again whether the actual Ertheneburg was not perhaps on the south bank and the wall on the north bank "only" represented a bridgehead to secure the ford. The results up to and including 2017 have already been published. The results of the more extensive investigations in 2018 are in process as of 2019.

swell

literature

  • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The former Erteneburg , pp. 37–39, in: If stones could talk . Volume IV, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1998, ISBN 3-7842-0558-5
  • Jörg Meyn: Graf Siegfried and the Ertheneburg , in: Lauenburgische Heimat , Neuesequence, Vol. 181, Ratzeburg 2009, pp. 81–92
  • Arne Homann: The long sought after Ertheneburg settlement ?! New medieval finds from Artlenburg (Ldkr. Lüneburg). In: Werner Budesheim (ed.), Archeology - History - Language - Ecology. Wentorf b. Hamburg, self-published by d. Free Lauenb. Akad., 2018, pp. 55-74. (Articles for science and culture, 13) Freely accessible online resource [1]
  • Arne Homann: New medieval finds from Artlenburg: relics of a settlement in the Ertheneburg? In: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Schleswig-Holstein 24 (2018), pp. 78–85. Freely accessible online resource [2]

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Annales Rosenveldenses 1106 in the MGH
  2. ↑ First AEEL v. Duve, contribution to the settlement of various issues regarding the landlord and meierlichen rights in the Duchy of Lauenburg in: Staatsbürgerliches Magazin , Volume VI, Schleswig 1826, p. 1ff.
  3. ^ Wilhelm Carl Conrad v. Hammerstein-Loxten The Bardengau. A historical investigation into its circumstances and the Billunger's property holdings , Hanover 1869, p. 368 fn. 1, claims to have seen an old map of the Lauenburg district in the Hanover State Archives, in which a name Striepenborg is recorded for a castle on the right of the road to Schnakenbek is. Wolfgang Prange ( The original shape of the Ertheneburg in: Lauenburgische Heimat , Neue Reihe, Vol. 22, Ratzeburg 1958, p. 35), however, refers to the designation as Steinbergsgraben in 1780 with reference to a document in the Schleswig State Archives
  4. ↑ Evidence on the prevailing opinion with Jörg Meyn: Graf Siegfried and die Ertheneburg , in: Lauenburgische Heimat , Neuesequence, Vol. 181, pp. 81–92, Ratzeburg 2009
  5. ↑ Overviews of the finds from Joachim Kühl: Archaeological investigations and finds in the district of the Duchy of Lauenburg 1979-1981. In: Lauenburgische Heimat , Neue Zusammenarbeit, Volume 104, Ratzeburg 1982, pp. 8-13 and Arne Schmidt-Hecklau, Slavic Age Finds in the Duchy of Lauenburg (Studies on the Settlement History and Archeology of the Baltic Sea Regions Volume 3), Neumünster 2002, pages 197 ff.
  6. ↑ Summary of the criticism in Wichmann von Meding: Erteneburg and Striepenburg: a dispute between friends In: Lauenburgische Heimat , Neue Zusammenarbeit, Vol. 185, Ratzeburg 2010, pp. 35–48, especially from p. 39
  7. ↑ For example, Helmold von Bosau reports in Chapter 48 of the Slavic Chronicle about Swentipok's death Remansit Zwentepolch filius nomine Zvincke, sed et hie interfectus est apud Erteneburg, urbem Transalbinorum. Von Helmolds Warte, who wrote in Bosau , would be across the Elbe on the southern bank of the Elbe. This is not clear, however, because Helmold also refers to Schleswig as the Transalbianorum elsewhere .
  8. ↑ Reprint of Major Michaelsen's card by Wolfgang Prange: The original shape of the Ertheneburg in: Lauenburgische Heimat , Neue Reihe, vol. 22, Ratzeburg 1958, p. 35
  9. ↑ AEEL v. Duve, contribution to the settlement of various issues regarding the landlord and meierlichen rights in the Duchy of Lauenburg in: Staatsbürgerliches Magazin , Volume VI, Schleswig 1826 page 9 footnote 10, still documented in the middle of the 20th century
  10. ^ Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum Book III, 1 to 1182 in the MGH
  11. ↑ Document of Bishop Iso von Verden from the year 1228, in which he enfeoffed Duke Otto von Braunschweig with the entire breakland from the Erthenefluß to Bleckede: in palude Blekede determinatum est illos de Blekede protendi usque ad fluvium, qui Ertene nominatur
  12. ↑ Ludwig Hellwig: The German place names in Lauenburg in: Archive of the Association for the History of the Duchy of Lauenburg , Annual Volume 1892, P. 1-64, P. 13: Eine der Bruchwetter. , Wolfgang P. Schmid (Ed.), Hydronymia Germaniae . Row A, delivery 16 tributaries to the lower Elbe , edited by Jürgen Udolph, Stuttgart 1990, p. 102.
  13. ↑ DHWC Hiibbe: Artlenburg, the Saxons border of the Emperor Charlemagne and the country Sadelbande later Duchy of Lauenburg. In: Archives of the Association for the History of the Duchy of Lauenburg. 1902, pp. 52–76, especially p. 57 ff. Weblink
  14. ↑ after Jörg Meyn: Count Siegfried and the Ertheneburg (see literature)
  15. ↑ Helmold I, 48
  16. ^ Wilhelm Carl Conrad v. Hammerstein-Loxten: The Bardengau. A historical study of the situation and the property of the Billunger , Hannover 1869, p. 365.
  17. ^ Franz Krüger, Die Ertheneburg in: Lauenburgische Heimat Vol. 3, Ratzeburg 1926, pp. 57-70 with a detailed graphic and photographic representation of the finds.
  18. ^ Joachim Kühl: Archaeological investigations and recoveries in the district of the Duchy of Lauenburg 1979-1981. In: Lauenburgische Heimat , New Series, Volume 104, Ratzeburg 1982, pp. 8–13, here p. 11
  19. ↑ Arne Homann: New medieval finds from Artlenburg: relics of a settlement to the Ertheneburg? In: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Schleswig-Holstein 24 (2018), pp. 78–85. In: Archaeological News from Schleswig-Holstein . ( academia.edu [accessed June 14, 2019]).
  20. ↑ Arne Homann: The long sought-after settlement to the Ertheneburg ?! New medieval finds from Artlenburg (Ldkr. Lüneburg). In: Werner Budesheim (ed.), Archeology - History - Language - Ecology. Wentorf b. Hamburg, self-published by d. Free Lauenb. Akad., 2018, pp. 55-74. (Contributions to science and culture, 13) . ( academia.edu [accessed June 14, 2019]).