Artlenburger privilege

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The Artlenburg privilege is a certificate from Heinrich the Lion of October 18, 1161. The certificate was signed on the occasion of a meeting on the Ertheneburg at the Elbe crossing . It created a balance between the merchants on the island of Gotland , who traded in the Baltic Sea, and those of the city of Lübeck, which was then heavily supported by Heinrich .

The duration and the cause of the dispute, which probably arose around 1159/60, can no longer be clarified. The certificate is a legal protection guarantee for the Gotlanders on the basis of reciprocity . She confirmed the Gotlanders who had previously been given to them by Emperor Lothar III. granted rights in Saxony. The merchants from the island of Gotland were granted and guaranteed certain rights in the port of Lübeck, which the Lübeckers were also entitled to in trade on Gotland. Heinrich granted the Gotland goods exemption from customs duties in his domain. At the same time he used a messenger Odelrich with a limited mandate , who officiated as Aldermann of the Low German merchants on Gotland, thereby recognizing that the German merchants who had come together in the Gotland cooperative were exercising common rights. The existence of a dispute is indirectly confirmed by another privilege granted by King Waldemar I of Denmark to the Gotland drivers of the Knudsgilde around 1177. Both the Danish merchants of the Knudsgilde and the Low German merchants from Lübeck had permanent houses in Visby as early as the second half of the 12th century due to the scope of their trading activities . The construction of the Visby Cathedral , which originated as the German merchant's church of St. Mary and was also used by German merchants as a warehouse and for storing valuables , also fell during this period .

literature

  • The documents of Heinrich the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria , ed. by Karl Jordan , Stuttgart 1957–1960, pp. 68–70 No. 48 and 49 (reprint of the certificate and the Odelrich mandate).
  • Antjekathrin Graßmann : Lübeckische Geschichte. Lübeck 1989, ISBN 3795032032 , pp. 94-99 (with ill.)
  • Antjekathrin Graßmann: Lübeck Lexicon. Lübeck 2006, ISBN 379507777X (with ill.)
  • Erich Hoffmann: Lübeck and the development of the Baltic Sea region. In: Jörgen Bracker (Hrsg.): Die Hanse - Lebensreallichkeit und Mythos , 2 vols. Hamburg 1989. Text part in 4th edition, Schmidt-Römhild , Lübeck 2006, ISBN 3795012759 , p. 34 (39 ff.)
  • Detlef Kattinger: The Gotland Cooperative. The early Hanseatic Gotland trade in northern and western Europe , Cologne a. a. 1999, pp. 85-109.
  • Joachim Ehlers : Heinrich the lion. Biography , Berlin 2008.