Joachim Ehlers

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Joachim Ehlers

Joachim Ehlers (born May 31, 1936 in Leipzig ) is a German historian of medieval history.

After a professorship in the history of the Middle Ages at the University of Frankfurt am Main, he held chairs for the history of the Middle Ages at the Technical University of Braunschweig (1980–1989) and the Free University of Berlin (1989–2001). Ehlers is a proven expert on Heinrich the Lion , Hugo von St. Viktorand the Western European Middle Ages. He has repeatedly examined questions about the connection between the emergence of a feeling of togetherness in medieval kingdoms and the beginnings of a national self-image and thus decisively shaped research on the early history of European nation states. His research no longer shows the “people” as a prerequisite, but as a result of nation building. In this way, Ehlers contributed significantly to the rationalization of national research.

Life

Joachim Ehlers grew up as the son of a farmer and Wehrmacht officer in his native Leipzig. In 1957 he passed the Abitur at the old grammar school in Oldenburg and then studied history, philosophy and German at the University of Hamburg from the summer semester 1957 to the winter semester 1963/1964 . Ehlers received his doctorate in 1964 at the historical seminar there with a thesis on the military constitution of the city of Hamburg in the 17th and 18th centuries, supervised by Walther Lammers and Otto Brunner . In 1964 he was assistant to the rector of the University of Hamburg to coordinate the academic support program for the Hamburg student dormitories. From 1964 to 1971 he was a research assistant at Lammers at the University of Frankfurt am Main. There he completed his habilitation in 1972 with a thesis on Hugo von St. Viktor and was appointed professor (C2) in the same year. This was followed by a chair for the history of the Middle Ages at the Technical University of Braunschweig, which he held from 1980 to 1989. From 1989 until his retirement in 2001, Ehlers taught as Professor of Medieval History at the Free University of Berlin. In 1994/1995 he was Dean of the Department of History. Major academic students of Ehlers are Martin Kintzinger , Ekkehart Rotter and Bernd Schneidmüller .

Ehlers is a member of the Frankfurt Historical Commission (since 1974), the Braunschweigische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (since 1983), the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen (since 1986) and the Constance Working Group for Medieval History (since 1995). In 1997 he became a member of the scientific advisory board of the German Historical Institute in Paris .

Ehlers had been married since 1963. His wife died in 2015. His son Caspar Ehlers , born in Hamburg in 1964, is also a historian specializing in the Middle Ages.

Research priorities

Ehlers' main research interests are nation building , the medieval history of France and Saxony as well as Braunschweig and the Guelphs with a focus on Henry the Lion . From 1966 to 2013 he presented over 150 publications. His dissertation was still devoted to the history of Hamburg in the early modern period. In this study he did not want to deal with the “possibilities and limits of the formation of armed groups” in isolation, but in relation to the respective constitutional structure. So he examined the vigilante guard and its leadership team, the citizen captains, not only as a military factor, but also considered their role in the constitutional and administrative life of the city. With this approach he went far beyond the earlier work of Cipriano Francisco Gaedechens about the Hamburg military until 1811 and Hamburg's citizen arming. In his habilitation, however, he chose historiography in the High Middle Ages as the subject of investigation. In Germany only a few historians have changed the subject and epoch from dissertation to habilitation so fundamentally. Schneidmüller and Kintzinger edited 19 articles published by Ehlers between 1972 and 1992 in an anthology in 1996.

Research on Medieval Western Europe

After completing his habilitation thesis on Hugo von St. Viktor, Ehlers published numerous studies on the French early and high Middle Ages. In 1985 he contributed the sections for the High and Late Middle Ages from 987 to 1498 for the France-Ploetz . After more than two decades of research on medieval France, in 1987 he presented a description of the history of France in the Middle Ages, which he describes in ten chapters from the end of the 9th century to the marriage of the French King Charles VIII with Anne of Brittany (1491). Its aim is to “provide the basis for assessing medieval France from the point of view of its special living conditions”. The work wants to "replace neither manual nor theoretical reflection, but rather to move halfway between individual research and comparative studies ". Ehlers focuses on the emergence of the French state and the French nation. In detail he deals with the kingship and principality in the struggle for the Francia (898–987), the rise of the Capetians (987–1108), the consolidation (1108–1180), the ways to great power (1180–1270), the ordered kingdom (1270–1328), the beginnings of the Valois (1328–1364), war and crisis in the years 1364–1414, Burgundy (1361–1420), the “ King of Bourges ” (1422–1453) and the monarchy as State (1453–1483), taking into account social, cultural and economic aspects. The Capetians "together with their spiritual and secular followers created a milieu in which closeness to the king, political theology, historical continuity and the special dignity of France were consolidated into an early national consciousness that had to remain tied to the monarchy". This synthesis was valid until the late Middle Ages. The book was the first German-language presentation of the history of the French Middle Ages as an independent book and is still considered a standard work today. In 2009 it appeared in a revised new edition.

With Bernd Schneidmüller and Heribert Müller , Ehlers published an anthology in 1996 on the French kings of the Middle Ages. The work contains 25 rulers' biographies from Odo to Charles VIII in the period from 888 to 1498. In the introduction, the editors outline the development of the country from humble beginnings to “a royal state and finally a royal nation with an unmistakable profile far beyond the Middle Ages”. The contributions were written by exclusively German-speaking experts. Ehlers supervised the part on the High Middle Ages (1108–1328). He wrote the articles on the French kings Louis VII and Philip II for the anthology .

In 2000 he presented the first German-language presentation of the history of the Capetian kingdom. It is divided into eight chapters, begins with the Robertinians of the 9th century and ends in 1328 with the rise of Philip VI. , the first king of the line of the Valois. Ehlers advocates the thesis of the West-East cultural divide between the West Franconian-French and East Franconian-German empires. In his presentation he works out the efforts of the Capetians to the ideal basis of their kingship and deals with their relationship to the curia and the administration of the crown domain and empire. When it comes to its constitutional and institutional history, personal aspects take a back seat. The high point is the reign of Louis the Holy . Ehlers attests to him a “striving for a synthesis of law, inner peace, efficient and therefore often tough administration, readiness for war, sacred royalty and a personal lifestyle based on the model of the Cistercians and mendicants ”.

In 1999, Ehlers organized two conferences of the Constance working group for medieval history on the island of Reichenau with the topic of Germany and Western Europe in the Middle Ages . It is about the "acculturation process" that "brought about medieval Europe". This means the "expansion of the Latin West in different stages, with changing intensity and [...] without any appreciable backflow in the opposite direction". At the conference he explained how in the two great Carolingian successor realms a superiority of French education and science over Germany and its cathedral schools, which were oriented towards administrative practice, gradually arose. In contrast to previous research, for Ehlers different developments in the field of education and science began not only in the middle of the 12th century, but in the 1940s in the West and East Franconian Empire. He blames structural obstacles for this in Germany. The close ties of the episcopate to the Ottonian-Salic kingdom gave little room for scientific development.

In 2004 Ehlers published a history of western Europe. He traces the impulses emanating from there for the emerging medieval Germany from late antiquity to the year 1190. According to Ehlers, "Germany only came into being in the confrontation with Western Europe". In his opinion, “Germany's historical foundation” consists “of different layers: the Roman-Christian up to the Rhineland and in the area south of the Danube, the Gallo-Franconian-Christian-Saxon between the Rhine and Weser, the Franco-Saxon-Christian between the Weser and Elbe , finally the high medieval development zone towards the Oder and beyond ”. The book is divided into four main parts. First, the "Carolingian Europe" is described based on late antiquity. This is followed by the “emergence of European nations” (part II) and “European freedom” (part III). The fourth part deals with the "emancipation of European states". In his view, innovations in Europe took place mainly from west to east. This applies to the ecclesiastical reform movement of the 10th century, to the intellectual awakening that emanated from France, but also to the knightly courtly culture and to the development of the administration, which could be organized much more tightly in Paris and Normandy. According to Ehlers' point of view, it was only the empire of Otto the Great in 962 that made possible the integration of the various tribes into a German people and prevented a separate ethnogenesis of the Franks, Bavaria, Saxony or Swabia. In the section “Emancipation of European States”, Ehlers argues that England and France emancipated themselves in the conflict with the Staufer Empire and the Papacy.

In 2006 Ehlers published an introduction to the history and culture of chivalry . He put the emphasis on the chivalry of Western Europe. On 123 pages in 8 short chapters, information on knight poetry, knight orders, life in the castles, heraldic and coat of arms, the fighting style and the reasons for the end of knighthood in the late Middle Ages are given.

Ehlers also deals with French history in the late Middle Ages. In 2009 he published an overview of the history of the Hundred Years War . In eight chapters, it deals with the “structure of the conflict (1316–1345)”, the “failed blitzkrieg (1346–1360)”, the “kings and military leaders (1361–1380)”, “dukes and regency (1380– 1392) ”,“ Bourguignons and Armagnacs (1392–1420) ”, the“ Maid of Orléans (1421–1431) ”,“ Paths to Peace (1431–1453) ”and“ War and its Consequences ”. The war is contextualized in terms of its “pan-European” consequences. It also affected - according to Ehlers - "the neighboring kingdoms from Scotland to Italy and Spain, in particular the German kings as bearers of the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire". As a consequence of the Hundred Years' War, Ehlers emphasizes the “concentration of forces at the crown” and thus “a development that anticipates absolutism ”. French works, on the other hand, increasingly question the direct connection to later absolutism.

Nation research

Ehlers published essential studies on the development of the medieval German Empire. From 1978 to 1988 he took part in the priority program The Development of European Nations in the Middle Ages established by the DFG in Marburg in 1975 . He led the sub-project France (10th - 13th centuries) . In the eighth volume of the series of publications of the Nationes project that was opened , the contributions edited by Ehlers appeared. The volume goes back to a conference held by Ehlers in February 1986 at the University of Braunschweig of the DFG's national focus on the topic of “Approaches and discontinuity in German nation building”. In his contribution The German Nation of the Middle Ages as an Object of Research , Ehlers presents a concept of six basic components of the medieval national consciousness, which the conference participants refer to as the "Braunschweiger Article". These include (1) the conviction that they have a common history, (2) the ability of traditions to change and adapt (3) political-state factors such as dynastic continuity, (4) a theory of rule or kings that the monarchs on the country relates, (5) a persuasive historiography in which oral traditions and political decision-making could merge, (6) a political-geographical terminology that promotes identification. In the same article, Ehlers identifies the early connection between nation and hegemony as the main reason for the failure of the German nation-state formation. Through the empire, the empire also assumed the role of hegemonic power. However, this role could not be sustained in the long term. On the other hand, Jürgen Miethke took the view in the same volume that the idea of ​​the Roman emperor was spatially concentrated on the German kingdom and thus promoted the development of an early modern concept of sovereignty. Accordingly, the connection between German kingship and Roman imperial dignity had a positive effect on the development of a German national consciousness. Ehlers examines nation-building, particularly under political, linguistic and ethnic aspects and comes to the conclusion that none of these aspects can explain the process alone and causally. Nation building can by no means be understood as a conflict model and cannot be explained by layering (winner / defeated), civilizational opposites (high-level language / dialects) or awareness of demarcation ( xenophobia ). Rather, the term “nation” means long-term integrated large political associations. Ehlers turns against Helmuth Plessner's thesis of the “belated nation” and also against the more recent notion of nation building in the late eleventh century. Rather, he attaches paramount importance to the tenth century.

At the German Historians' Day in 1988 in Bamberg , Hagen Keller headed the section “Group Loyalty, Rule Organization and Written Culture among the Ottonians”. Ehlers gave a lecture on the topic of “written culture, ethnogenesis and nation building in Ottonian times”. The "early developed feeling of superiority of the Saxons", who appointed the king in the 10th century and "derived a priority claim" from it, was a very important obstacle to German ethnogenesis in the early Middle Ages for Ehlers. The lectures held in Bamberg by Joachim Ehlers, Gerd Althoff , Hagen Keller and Rudolf Schieffer appeared in the Early Medieval Studies in 1989 and are an important starting point for a new assessment of Ottonian royal rule.

In 1994, Ehlers contributed to the Encyclopedia of German History with the volume The emergence of the German Empire , the fourth edition of which appeared in 2012. There he summarized the most important results of medieval nation research. According to the conception of the series, the volume comprises an “encyclopedic overview” (pp. 3–62), “basic problems and tendencies in research” (pp. 63–110) and a comprehensive bibliography with 431 titles. Ehlers deals with the history of research on ethnogenesis , the German folk names ( theodiscius , teutonicus ), the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire, language and literature, and the king's relationship with the nobility and clergy. He introduces his summarizing overview of the development of the German Empire with the statement: “Talk of the German Empire in the Middle Ages is a myth. Its shape, which is still in effect today, finally took shape in the 19th century and received political dynamism with the national movement that culminated in the establishment of the 'Second Empire' in 1871: expectations of the modern nation-state were transferred to the medieval empire, from the comparison with The authority of the older empire, which was misunderstood as a claim to world power, legitimized its own demand for at least European status. ”Older research had identified an epoch year as the birth of the German Empire. Ehlers rejects such approaches. His results also make traditional notions, according to which the "people", as a timeless bearer of Germanness, created the German Empire, obsolete. Rather, the “people” is seen as the product of a political development: first an empire and then a people emerged. This means that the language criterion also loses its importance. The question is no longer when a German empire was formed from a German language community, but since when the empire of the Ottonians and Salians "German Empire" ( regnum Teutonicum ), its inhabitants "Germans" ( Teutones ), their settlement area "Germany" ( Teutonica terra ) or "German land" ( duitsche lant ) is called. In terms of content, Ehlers emphasizes that the 10th century was a “key time” for the history of states and nations in Europe, “in which the Roman Empire had a universal retarding effect”. He comes to the conclusion: "The supragentile character of the empire was temporarily Frankish, for a long time Roman, but by no means German".

Ehlers also published numerous studies on nation building in France. According to his research, French history begins in the years 888 to 922. The rule of Charles the Simple was said to be of great importance . Under this king, the typical characteristics of the French monarchy of the Middle Ages were systematized or brought to a conclusion: political autonomy, transpersonal state thinking, de facto limitation of royal rule to the north of the country, the royal title, the royal theory and pronounced self-confidence. According to Ehlers, royal power was concentrated on the Francia and from 911 on Lorraine. During this time "the specific coexistence of royalty and principality [...] as a political prerequisite for royal action" emerged for the first time. In response to the election of Conrad I , Karl introduced the royal title rex Francorum in November 911 . The new title was "both a reaction to the election of Konrad I and an expression of his new political concept of regionalized, consolidating royal rule."

The veneration of St. Dionysius , who in the Middle Ages increasingly became the figure of identification of the French nation and achieved the status of a national saint, was, according to František Graus, for a long time localized; even at the end of the 11th century it had "no special significance, neither in hagiography, nor in cult, nor in the historiographical awareness of the West Frankish empire". In contrast to this, Ehlers proves with numerous documents that in the period from the 6th to the 13th century the Dionysius cult was of great and constantly growing importance in historiography and for French state and royal ideology.

Braunschweig and Heinrich the Lion

Ehlers published many essays on the Guelphs and Braunschweig. After reviewing the historiographical information for the dating of the Palatinate Gelnhausen , Ehlers came to the conclusion in 1968: "A royal start of construction before 1157/58 appears to be out of the question, for the time after that there has not been a sufficiently reliable indication of the completion of the construction, therefore only assumptions are possible." Using the example of the late medieval Braunschweig historiography, he demonstrated the close institutional ties between urban historiography and the urban constitution. For many years he did extensive research on Henry the Lion . He published individual studies of the Duke's relationship with the Plantagenet family , the occurrence of the lion in Friedrich Barbarossa's documents and his relationship to the Saxon episcopate as well as to literature, education and science at his court. For a more precise description of the court of Henry the Lion, Ehlers suggests separating a “core court” and several “outer courtyards”. The characteristic of the members of the core court is the "long-term presence with the Lord regardless of the respective place". The core courtyard was shaped by the ministerials and the court clergy. Outside courtyards, on the other hand, would have gathered around the duke at certain locations on the itinerary . The conceptual distinction was adopted by Bernd Schütte for the analysis of the Philipp von Schwaben court . Ehlers also examined the English pipe rolls . This led to new insights into the material exchange between the English and the Guelph court in the 12th century. The pipe rolls investigations also showed how intensive the material exchange between the English court and the court of Henry the Lion was. This was the reason for Ehlers and his academic student Sybille Schröder to dedicate an international colloquium to material court culture. Werner Paravicini was responsible for editing the July 2004 lectures held at Cumberland Lodge .

In 1998, Ehlers and Dietrich Kötzsche edited the contributions to the interdisciplinary colloquium on the reliquary treasure of St. Blasius Church in Braunschweig, which took place in Berlin in 1995, in the commemorative year of Henry the Lion. He analyzed the bills of the royal court for travel, dowry and trousseau on the occasion of Mathilde's wedding . In 1997 Ehlers published a brief portrait of the lion. In it Ehlers avoids the term “Ostpolitik”, denies “urban policy” and “economic policy”, but sticks to Heinrich's “territorial policy”. It was only after Heinrich's fall in 1180 that Braunschweig assumed the character of a residence through the “enforced restriction”. Because of the connections to the Anglo-Norman world, he sees Heinrich's rule in a “great European perspective”, but also shows the limits of this development of power. In his opinion, Heinrich did not succeed in “developing a coherent, externally defensible legal theory for his ambitions and government actions”. On the basis of numerous preparatory work and individual studies, he published a comprehensive biography in ten major chapters in 2008, which replaced the previous presentation by Karl Jordan (1979) as a reference work. Until his political end, he attested Heinrich “political talent, energy, assertiveness, skillful leadership” as well as a “high level of physical training and commitment”. With his research, Ehlers enabled a new approach to Heinrich and the traditions (origin, self-image), groups (ministerial) and institutions (court) that were decisive for his rule.

Thinking about history, writing history and the history of education in the High Middle Ages

Because of his habilitation thesis published in 1973 on the Parisian teacher and author Hugo von St. Viktor and numerous other publications, Ehlers is considered one of the best experts on the intellectual world of the 12th century. In his habilitation, he deals with the historical thinking and historiography of the 12th century using the example of Hugos von St. Viktor, one of the most important representatives of early scholasticism . The last major study on this comes from Wilhelm A. Schneider from 1933. Ehlers wants to open up the theologian's work as "one of the most important sources [...] for the spirit of an era" and to work out the common foundations of theology and universal history. In the lengthy discussion about Hugo's origins, he represents the thesis of Saxon descent.

For Hans-Werner Goetz (1997) , his essay Monastic Theology, Historical Sense and Dialectic , published in 1974, is “still one of the most profound contributions to the understanding of science in the 12th century”. With his essays on The High Schools (1981) or German Scholars in France during the 12th Century (1986), he attempted for the first time ever an educational history understood in terms of social history.

In a constitutional and socio-historical study published in 1978 on the educational path of Adalbert II of Mainz , Ehlers wants to clarify “whether the first selection criterion of the noble birth was accompanied by evidence of higher education, when it happened, with what weight and in what areas”. He comes to the conclusion that Adalbert's training in Hildesheim, Reims, Paris and Montpellier was not a prerequisite for the election as archbishop, but served the purpose of "acquiring additional skills for his office that would have been available to him without studying abroad" . In 1981 he published the contribution on historiographical literature for the New Handbook of Literary Studies.

In 2013, Ehlers presented a biography of the important medieval historian Otto von Freising . As the author of two important historiographical works, he had already been the subject of research on several occasions, but so far there has been no detailed biographical investigation. Ehlers sees Otto as the bearer of several competing roles from a central point, the Paris study visit, and connects this with the key messages of the two historical works. For Otto, the moving center of the story is not God, but the good or - mostly - evil acting person. Ehlers describes Otto as a "depressive outpost in the scientific optimism of early scholasticism". Overall, he characterizes him as "naturally cautious and cautious, as a bishop representative of the institution, intellectually undoubtedly modern, spiritually (as far as we can know) rather conservative, ultimately insecure and ready to compromise at the hour of death."

Saxons and Ottonians

Ehlers dealt in various articles with Saxons and the Ottonians. He wrote the article about Saxony for the Lexicon of the Middle Ages . In an essay published in 2001, he examined the “spatial conceptions and topographical evaluations in Saxony at the time of Otto the Great”. He used Widukind von Corvey , the " Continuator Reginonis ", Thietmar von Merseburg and the documents of Heinrich I and Otto I as sources . According to Ehlers' results, Saxony's spatial structure manifested itself in the establishment of a Carolingian bishopric and in the establishment of palaces and royal courts by Heinrich I and Otto I. He explained the imprecise information provided by the authors less from historiographical negligence than from the actual situation. He came to the conclusion that Saxony's “political and administrative topography was still largely indefinite, capable of development according to several priorities, and therefore without a binding and easily recognizable profile”. In a further contribution he pleaded for a careful and reflective use of the expression "historical landscape", which should not be based on the present. He dealt with the development of Saxony from the 6th to the 13th century as a historical landscape. The division of the Franconian empire gave Saxony a spatial contour and, through the Carolingian diocese around 800, found a permanent internal structure. The conflict with kingship from the second half of the 11th century to the fall of Henry the Lion was, according to Ehlers, decisive for the division of the Saxon area into the spiritual and secular territories of the late Middle Ages.

As part of the research project Death and burial of the Roman-German kings of the [high] Middle Ages, which is supported by the DFG, Ehlers sought to consider all aspects of the historical phenomenon of death, burial and burial of the Roman-German kings of the Middle Ages for the time of Conrad's death as completely as possible I. 918 until the death of Frederick II in 1254. The first chapter deals with the death of the king. The date of death, cause and place of death are clarified. The surroundings of the dying king and the ceremony should also be explored. The second part asks about the preparation of the funeral. The third chapter is devoted to the funeral. The fourth chapter lists the stays during lifetime, taking the traffic situation and settlement geography into account. This is intended to determine the respective importance as a central location. In the fifth part, the location of the grave church and its function as a cathedral, collegiate or monastery church is named. The sixth chapter deals with the question of the design of the burial place. This method was adopted by Rudolf J. Meyer for the late Middle Ages. Ehlers applied his methodology mainly to the Ottonian period. He examined the importance of the burial places of the Ottonian rulers for their understanding of rule. The Ottonians were buried in collegiate churches and thus gave up the Carolingian custom of burial in monasteries. Heinrich I, Otto I and Heinrich II had arranged for their burial places; they were buried in places where the respective life's work was exemplarily consolidated. With Otto II. And Otto III. In view of her unexpected death, no such precaution can be identified.

In an essay published in 1994, Ehlers, in contrast to Ernst Schubert, assumes that Otto II did not intend Memleben as a burial place for himself or even consider it as a new bishopric instead of Merseburg . Ehlers drew a connection between the founding of the Memleben monastery (979) and the dissolution of the Merseburg diocese (981). He saw the founding of the monastery as a “compensatory memorial foundation” for Otto the Great. Thomas Vogtherr (2001) also assumed a connection with the abolition of Merseburg . Contradictions to the compensation thesis were expressed by Johannes Fried (1996), Ernst-Dieter Hehl (1997), and Wolfgang Huschner (2003). There is a research controversy about the role of Theophanus and Adelheid in founding the monastery. Ehlers assumes that the Empress Adelheid had already taken measures to found a monastery in Memleben in honor of her deceased husband. According to Fried, on the other hand, Adelheid, in competition with Theophanu, who promoted Memleben, would have decided to look after her husband's memory in Magdeburg.

At the conference of the Constance working group on the island of Reichenau on the subject of "Representation of power in Ottonian Saxony" in March 1994, chaired by Gerd Althoff and Ernst Schubert, Ehlers dealt with Heinrich I and Quedlinburg . He examines the importance of Quedlinburg for Heinrich exemplarily in order to shed light on the "connection between central place and life's work, representation and rule, commemoration of the dead and continuity, noble family and royal dynasty".

In a contribution published in 1999, Ehlers found a close connection between Saxon missionaries and the empire of Charlemagne among Saxon historians since the middle of the 9th century . The memory of the violent mission following a military defeat was deliberately weakened. Ehlers interprets this harmonizing picture of the past by Saxon historiographers as evidence of “a new gentile consciousness”, which served to maintain the “self-confidence” of the Saxon ruling class. Following on from this, Ehlers asks whether the synthesis of imperialism and Saxony mission for Otto I's coronation would have provided a “Saxon-traditional, historically demonstrable and Christian- eschatological legitimation” for a “non-Roman empire”. In view of the importance of the imperial dignity for the stabilization of the Ottonian Empire, the continuation of a “specifically Saxon imperial theory” developed in the 9th century is obvious for Ehlers. The theoretical prerequisites for the development of an “imperial and eschatologically determined idea of ​​the empire as the medieval form of German national consciousness” could be identified in the Saxon 9th century.

Fonts

A list of publications appeared in: Bernd Schneidmüller, Martin Kintzinger (Ed.): Joachim Ehlers. Selected essays (= Berlin historical studies. Vol. 21). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-428-08741-0 , pp. 579-584 [as of 1996].

Monographs

  • Otto von Freising. An intellectual in the Middle Ages. A biography. Beck, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-406-65478-7 .
  • The Hundred Years War (= Beck'sche series 2475 CH Beck Wissen ). Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-56275-4 (2nd edition 2012).
  • Henry the Lion. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-88680-787-1 .
  • The Knights. History and culture (= Beck'sche Reihe 2392 CH Beck Wissen ). Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-50892-8 (2nd edition. Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-50892-9 ).
  • Western Europe. Siedler, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-88680-759-2 .
  • The Capetians (= Urban Pocket Books. Vol. 471). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 2000, ISBN 3-17-014233-X .
  • Henry the Lion. European Principality in the High Middle Ages (= personality and history. Vol. 154/155). Muster-Schmidt, Göttingen et al. 1997, ISBN 3-7881-0149-0 .
  • The emergence of the German Empire (= Encyclopedia of German History. Vol. 31). Oldenbourg, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-486-55738-6 (4th edition. Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-71721-1 ).
  • History of France in the Middle Ages. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1987, ISBN 3-17-009801-2 (completely revised new edition. Primus, Darmstadt 2009, ISBN 978-3-89678-668-5 ).
  • France in the Middle Ages. From the Merovingian period to the death of Louis IX. (5th / 6th century to 1270) (= historical magazine . Sonderhefte 11, ISSN  0018-2613 ). Oldenbourg, Munich 1982.
  • Hugo of St. Viktor. Studies of historical thinking and historiography of the 12th century (= Frankfurt historical treatises. Vol. 7). Steiner, Wiesbaden 1973.
  • The military constitution of the city of Hamburg in the 17th and 18th centuries (= military science research. Department of military history studies. Vol. 1, ZDB -ID 1173304-4 ). Boldt, Boppard 1966.

Editorial activity

literature

  • Entry by Joachim Ehlers. In: Jürgen Petersohn (Ed.): The Constance Working Group for Medieval History. The members and their work. A bio-bibliographical documentation (= publications of the Constance Working Group for Medieval History on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary 1951–2001. Vol. 2). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7995-6906-5 , pp. 109-114 ( online ).
  • Oliver Junge: Anti-Plessner. For the seventieth birthday of the historian Joachim Ehlers . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , May 31, 2006, No. 125, p. 36.
  • Who is who? The German Who's Who. XLVII. Edition 2008/2009, p. 264 f.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Oliver Junge: Anti-Plessner. For the seventieth birthday of the historian Joachim Ehlers . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , May 31, 2006, No. 125, p. 36.
  2. ^ Joachim Ehlers: The defense constitution of the city of Hamburg in the 17th and 18th centuries. Boppard 1966.
  3. ↑ Obituary notice
  4. ↑ See the reviews of Erich von Lehe in: Zeitschrift des Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte 53 (1967), pp. 86–88 ( digitized version ); M. Ewald in: Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift 5 (1969), pp. 189–194.
  5. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The Defense Constitution of the City of Hamburg in the 17th and 18th Centuries Boppard 1966, pp. XII – XIV.
  6. ↑ Michel Parisse in: Francia 26/1 (1999), pp. 243–245. ( Digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Selected essays. Edited by Martin Kintzinger and Bernd Schneidmüller. Berlin 1996. See the reviews by Michel Parisse in: Francia 26/1 (1999), pp. 243–245. ( Digitized version ); Hans-Werner Goetz in: Journal for historical research 24 (1997), pp. 761–762; Gerd Mentgen in: Das Historisch-Politische Buch 45 (1997), pp. 451–452.
  8. ^ Wilfried Loth (Ed.): France-Ploetz. French history for reference. Freiburg et al. 1985.
  9. ^ Joachim Ehlers: History of France in the Middle Ages. Stuttgart et al. 1987, p. 11.
  10. ↑ See also the reviews of Heribert Müller in: Historische Zeitschrift 249 (1989), pp. 151–155; Philippe Contamine in: Francia 17/1 (1990), pp. 224-225 ( digitized version ); Rolf Große in: Journal for historical research 16 (1989), pp. 470–471; Kurt Baldinger in: Journal for Romance Philology 104 (1988), p. 538; Bernhard Töpfer in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft 38 (1990), pp. 260–261.
  11. ^ Joachim Ehlers: History of France in the Middle Ages. Stuttgart et al. 1987, p. 10.
  12. ↑ See the review by Heribert Müller in: Historische Zeitschrift 249 (1989), pp. 151–155, here: p. 152.
  13. ↑ Joachim Ehlers, Heribert Müller and Bernd Schneidmüller (eds.): The French kings of the Middle Ages. From Odo to Charles VIII. 888–1498. Munich 1996.
  14. ↑ See the reviews by Bertrand Schnerb in: Francia 25/1 (1998), pp. 296–298 ( digitized version ); Michel Parisse in: Historische Zeitschrift 267 (1998), pp. 747-750; Werner Maleczek in: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 106 (1998), pp. 533-534; Philippe Depreux in: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 84 (2002), pp. 243–244; Karl Schnith in: Das Historisch-Politische Buch 45 (1997), p. 458; Malte Prietzel in: Journal for historical research 25 (1998), pp. 429-431; Karl-Friedrich Krieger in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft 45 (1997), pp. 260–261; Hubertus Seibert in: Historisches Jahrbuch 118 (1998), pp. 382–383; Sandra Dieckmann in: Journal for Romance Philology 117 (2001), p. 664; Joseph Hanimann: From the royal state to the royal nation. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , August 28, 1996, No. 200, p. 35.
  15. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Ludwig VII. 1137–1180. In: Joachim Ehlers, Heribert Müller and Bernd Schneidmüller: The French kings of the Middle Ages. From Odo to Charles VIII. 888–1498. Munich 1996, pp. 138-154; Joachim Ehlers: Philipp II. 1180-1223. In: Joachim Ehlers, Heribert Müller and Bernd Schneidmüller: The French kings of the Middle Ages. From Odo to Charles VIII. 888–1498. Munich 1996, pp. 155-167.
  16. ↑ See the reviews of Jean Dufour in: Francia 29/1 (2002), pp. 363–364 ( digitized version ); Knut Görich : New Historical Literature. New books on high medieval royalty. In: Historische Zeitschrift 275 (2002), pp. 105–125; Rolf Große in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft 49 (2001), pp. 362–363; Ludger Tewes in: Das Historisch-Politische Buch 48 (2000), p. 579; Marie-Luise Heckmann in: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History. German Department 119 (2002), pp. 480–482; Len Scales in: The English Historical Review 116 (2001), p. 1244 ( online ); Hansmartin Schwarzmaier in: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. 149 (2001), pp. 575-576.
  17. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The Capetians. Stuttgart et al. 2000, pp. 9-11.
  18. ↑ See the review by Knut Görich: Neue Historische Literatur. New books on high medieval royalty. In: Historische Zeitschrift 275 (2002), pp. 105–125, here: p. 108.
  19. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The Capetians. Stuttgart et al. 2000, p. 165.
  20. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Introduction. In: Joachim Ehlers (Hrsg.): Germany and Western Europe in the Middle Ages. Stuttgart 2002, pp. 1–5, here: p. 1 ( online ). See the review by Rudolf Schieffer in: German Archive for Research in the Middle Ages 59 (2003), pp. 726–729 ( online )
  21. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The reform of Christianity. Study, education and science as decisive forces in the development of medieval Europe. In: Joachim Ehlers (Hrsg.): Germany and Western Europe in the Middle Ages. Stuttgart 2002, pp. 177-209, here: p. 189 ( online ).
  22. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The reform of Christianity. Study, education and science as decisive forces in the development of medieval Europe. In: Joachim Ehlers (Hrsg.): Germany and Western Europe in the Middle Ages. Stuttgart 2002, pp. 177-209, here: p. 194 ( online ).
  23. ↑ See the reviews of Max Kerner in: Historische Zeitschrift 284 (2007), pp. 175–178; Rudolf Schieffer in: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 61 (2005), pp. 312–313 ( online ); Michael Borgolte: Germany as a role model for the peoples. A great old work: Joachim Ehlers writes the history of Western Europe in the Middle Ages. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , November 5, 2004, No. 259, p. 45; Detlev Kraak in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft 55 (2007), pp. 468–470.
  24. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Western Europe. Munich 2004, p. 9.
  25. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Western Europe. Munich 2004, p. 10.
  26. ↑ See the review by Detlev Kraak in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft 55 (2007), pp. 468–470, here: p. 469.
  27. ^ Critical to this Michael Borgolte: Germany as a role model for the peoples. A great old work: Joachim Ehlers writes the history of Western Europe in the Middle Ages. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , November 5, 2004, No. 259, p. 45.
  28. ↑ See the discussions by Werner Rösener in: Das Mittelalter 12 (2007), pp. 159–160; Christian Dury in: Francia-Recensio 2011/1 ( online ); Barbara Hammes in: Sehepunkte 6 (2006), No. 9 [15. September 2006], ( online ); Rudolf Schieffer in: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 62 (2006), p. 799. ( digitized version )
  29. ^ Joachim Ehlers: England and France in the crisis of the Hundred Years War. New literature, new methodological approaches. In: Journal for Historical Research. 13: 455-470 (1986) ( online ).
  30. ↑ See the reviews of Gisela Naegle in: Francia-Recensio 2011/2 ( online ); Georg Scheibelreiter in: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 119 (2011), pp. 265–266 ( online ); Jörg Peltzer in: Journal for Historical Research 38 (2011), pp. 310–311.
  31. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The Hundred Years War. Munich 2009, p. 7.
  32. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The Hundred Years War. Munich 2009, p. 109.
  33. ↑ See the review by Gisela Naegle in: Francia-Recensio 2011/2 ( online ).
  34. ↑ See the reviews by Eckhard Müller-Mertens in: Historische Zeitschrift 253 (1991), pp. 432–433; Othmar Hageneder in: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History , German Department 109 (1992), pp. 401–404; Jean-Marie Moeglin in: Historisches Jahrbuch 113 (1993), pp. 488-490; Robert Folz in: Francia 18 (1991), pp. 271-274 ( digitized version ); Hans-Christof Kraus in: Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 45 (1993), pp. 92–93; Hans-Werner Goetz in: Ius Commune, Journal for European Legal History 17 (1990), pp. 428–431; Albrecht Classen in: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 103 (1995), pp. 109–112.
  35. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The German nation of the Middle Ages as an object of research. In the S. (Ed.): Approaches and discontinuity of German nation building. Sigmaringen 1989, pp. 11-58, here: 23 f. ( online ). See also Hans-Werner Goetz : Moderne Mediävistik. Status and perspectives of medieval research. Darmstadt 1999, p. 190 f.
  36. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The German nation of the Middle Ages as an object of research. In the S. (Ed.): Approaches and discontinuity of German nation building. Sigmaringen 1989, pp. 11–58, here: p. 46.
  37. ^ Jürgen Miethke: Political thinking and monarchical theory. The empire as a supranational institution in the later Middle Ages. In: Joachim Ehlers (Ed.): Approaches and discontinuity of German nation-building in the Middle Ages. Sigmaringen 1989, pp. 121-144 ( online ). See Othmar Hageneder in: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History, German Department 109 (1992), pp. 401–404.
  38. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: What are and how are nationes formed in medieval Europe (10th – 15th centuries)? Concept and general outlines. In: Almut Bues, Rex Rexheuser (ed.): Medieval nationes - modern nations. Problems of nation building in Europe. Wiesbaden 1995, pp. 7-26, here: pp. 25f. ( online )
  39. ^ Helmuth Plessner: The belated nation. About the political seducibility of the bourgeois spirit. 2nd, expanded edition. Stuttgart 1959.
  40. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Writing culture, ethnogenesis and nation building in the Ottonian times. In: Frühmittelalterliche Studien 23 (1989), pp. 302-317, here: pp. 315 ff. ( Online ). Compare with Wolfgang Eggert: East Franconian - Franconian - Saxon - Roman - German. To name the right bank of the Rhine-North Alpine Empire up to the investiture dispute. In: Frühmittelalterliche Studien 26 (1992), pp. 239-273, here: p. 264.
  41. ↑ Group ties, rule organization and written culture among the Ottonians (with contributions by Gerd Althoff, Joachim Ehlers, Hagen Keller, Rudolf Schieffer). In: Early Medieval Studies. Vol. 23, 1989, pp. 244-317.
  42. ↑ Hagen Keller: Group ties, rules of the game, rituals. In: Claudia Garnier, Hermann Kamp (Ed.): Rules of the game for the mighty. Medieval politics between custom and convention. Darmstadt 2010, pp. 19–31, here: p. 26.
  43. ↑ See the reviews of Franz-Reiner Erkens in: Historische Zeitschrift 262 (1996), pp. 209–210; Rudolf Schieffer in: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 51 (1995), p. 283 ( online ); Hanna Vollrath in: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History, German Department 115 (1998), pp. 665–667; Erich Zöllner in: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 103 (1995), pp. 455–458; Timothy Reuter in: Early Medieval Europe 5 (1996), pp. 236-237; Günter Wollstein in: Das Historisch-Politische Buch 42 (1994), p. 368.
  44. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The emergence of the German Empire. Munich 1994, p. 3.
  45. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The emergence of the German Empire. 4th edition. Munich 2012, p. 43. See Hans-Werner Goetz: Moderne Mediävistik. Status and perspectives of medieval research. Darmstadt 1999, p. 191; Jörg Jarnut : Thoughts on the emergence of the medieval German Empire. In: Geschichte in Wissenschaft und Studium 32 (1981), pp. 99–114, here: p. 111.
  46. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The emergence of the German Empire. 4th edition. Munich 2012, p. 3.
  47. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The emergence of the German Empire. 4th edition. Munich 2012, p. 61.
  48. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Elements of medieval nation building in France (10th – 13th centuries). In: Historische Zeitschrift 231 (1980), pp. 565-587 ( online ); Joachim Ehlers: The Beginnings of French History. In: Historische Zeitschrift 240 (1985), pp. 1-44; Joachim Ehlers: Carolingian tradition and early national consciousness in France. In: Francia 4 (1976), pp. 213-236 ( digitized version ).
  49. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The beginnings of French history. In: Historische Zeitschrift 240 (1985), pp. 1-44, here: p. 44.
  50. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The beginnings of French history. In: Historische Zeitschrift 240 (1985), pp. 1-44, here: p. 34.
  51. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The beginnings of French history. In: Historische Zeitschrift 240 (1985), pp. 1-44, here: p. 29.
  52. ↑ František Graus: Living Past. Tradition in the Middle Ages and in the ideas of the Middle Ages. Cologne et al. 1975, p. 150.
  53. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Continuity and tradition as the basis of medieval nation building in France. In: Helmut Beumann (Ed.): Contributions to the formation of the French nation in the early and high Middle Ages. Sigmaringen 1983, pp. 15-47 ( online ).
  54. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: On the dating of the Pfalz Gelnhausen. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Vol. 18 (1968), pp. 94-130, here: p. 129.
  55. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Historiography, historical image and city constitution in late medieval Braunschweig. In: Manfred RW Garzmann (ed.): Council and constitution in medieval Braunschweig. Festschrift for the 600th anniversary of the Council Constitution 1386–1986. Braunschweig 1986, pp. 99-134 ( online ).
  56. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Exile. Henry the Lion and the Plantagenet House 1182–1185. In: Lukas Clemens, Sigrid Hirbodian (Hrsg.): Christian and Jewish Europe in the Middle Ages. Trier 2011, pp. 71–82.
  57. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion in the documents of Friedrich Barbarossa. In: Frühmittelalterliche Studien , Vol. 36 (2002), pp. 355–377 ( online )
  58. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion and the Saxon episcopate. In: Alfred Haverkamp (ed.): Friedrich Barbarossa. Sigmaringen 1992, pp. 435-466 ( online ).
  59. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Literature, education and science at the court of Heinrich the Lion. In: Ingrid Kasten, Werner Paravicini, René Pérennec (eds.): Cultural exchange and literary history in the Middle Ages. Sigmaringen 1998, pp. 61-74 ( online ).
  60. ^ Joachim Ehlers: The court of Heinrich the lion. In: Bernd Schneidmüller (Ed.): The Guelphs and their Brunswick court in the high Middle Ages. Wiesbaden 1995, pp. 43–59 ( online )
  61. ↑ Bernd Schütte: King Philip of Swabia. Itinerary - awarding of certificates - courtyard. Hanover 2002, p. 166.
  62. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Anglo-Norman at the court of Henry the Lion? Requirements and possibilities. In: Joachim Ehlers, Dietrich Kötzsche (Ed.): The Welfenschatz and its surroundings. Mainz 1998, pp. 205-217.
  63. ↑ Werner Paravicini (Ed.): Luxury and Integration: Material Court Culture of Western Europe from the 12th to the 18th Century. Munich 2010.
  64. ↑ See the reviews of Michael Borgolte in: Historische Zeitschrift 271 (2000), pp. 174–177; Claudia Märtl in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 77 (2005), pp. 415–417.
  65. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion. European Principality in the High Middle Ages. Göttingen 1997. See the reviews of Hubertus Seibert: Heinrich the Lion and the Welfs. An anniversary and its earnings for research. In: Historische Zeitschrift 268 (1999), pp. 375-406; Rudolf Schieffer in: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 54 (1998), pp. 306–307 ( online ); Wolfgang Petke in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 70 (1998), pp. 385–387 ( online ); Gudrun Pischke in: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch 79 (1998), pp. 269–270 ( online ).
  66. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion. European Principality in the High Middle Ages. Göttingen 1997, pp. 51 and 94.
  67. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion. European Principality in the High Middle Ages. Göttingen 1997, p. 16 f.
  68. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion. European Principality in the High Middle Ages. Göttingen 1997, p. 119.
  69. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion. European Principality in the High Middle Ages. Göttingen 1997, p. 80.
  70. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion. European Principality in the High Middle Ages. Göttingen 1997, p. 25.
  71. ↑ See the reviews by Rudolf Schieffer in: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 65 (2009), p. 311 ( online ); Bettina Maleczek-Pferschy in: Historische Zeitschrift 289 (2009), pp. 441–443, Bernd Schütte in: H-Soz-Kult , November 26, 2008, ( online ); Matthias Becher in: see points 9 (2009), no. 9 [15. September 2009], ( online ); Hans-Werner Goetz in: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter . Vol. 74 (2010), pp. 287-288 ( digitized version ); Werner Hechberger in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 81 (2009), pp. 569–570; Wilhelm Störmer : Heinrich the Lion - A European prince of the high Middle Ages. In: Journal for Bavarian State History 73 (2010), pp. 779–789; Kerstin Rahn in: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries 88 (2008), pp. 673–675 ( digitized version ); Graham A. Loud in: German Historical Institute London Bulletin 31 (2009), pp. 41–43 ( online )
  72. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich the lion. A biography . Munich 2008, p. 78.
  73. ↑ See the review by Hubertus Seibert: Heinrich the Lion and the Welfs. An anniversary and its earnings for research. In: Historische Zeitschrift 268 (1999), pp. 375-406, here: p. 385.
  74. ↑ See the reviews of Jürgen Miethke in: Jahrbuch für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands 24 (1975), pp. 174–176; Harald Dickerhof in: Historische Zeitschrift 222 (1976), pp. 674-678; Wilfried Hartmann in: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 30 (1974), pp. 562–563 ( online ); Roger D. Ray in Speculum 52 : 140-143 (1977); Jacques Paquet in: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 54 (1976), pp. 716-717 ( online ); E. Rozanne Elder in: Church History. Studies in Christianity and Culture 44 (1975), p. 105 ( online ); Isnard Wilhelm Frank in: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 83 (1975), pp. 498-500.
  75. ^ Wilhelm A. Schneider: History and philosophy of history with Hugo von St. Victor. Munster 1933.
  76. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Hugo von St. Viktor. Studies of historical thought and history of the 12th century. Wiesbaden 1973, p. 177.
  77. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Monastic Theology, Historical Sense and Dialectics. Tradition and innovation in 12th century science. In: Albert Zimmermann (Ed.): Antiqui and Moderni. Awareness of tradition and awareness of progress in the late Middle Ages. Berlin 1974, pp. 58–79 ( online )
  78. ↑ Hans-Werner Goetz in: Journal for historical research 24 (1997), pp. 761–762, here: p. 761.
  79. ^ Joachim Ehlers: The high schools. In: Peter Weimar (ed.): The renaissance of the sciences in the 12th century. Zurich 1981, pp. 57-86; Joachim Ehlers: German scholars in France during the 12th century. In: Johannes Fried (Hrsg.): Schools and studies in the social change of the high and late Middle Ages. Sigmaringen 1986. pp. 97-120 ( online ); See the review by Hans-Werner Goetz in: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung 24 (1997), pp. 761–762, here: p. 761.
  80. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Constitutional and socio-historical studies on the educational course of Archbishop Adalbert II of Mainz. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. 42 (1978), pp. 161-184, here: pp. 161 f. ( online )
  81. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Constitutional and socio-historical studies on the educational course of Archbishop Adalbert II of Mainz. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. 42 (1978), pp. 161-184, here: p. 182.
  82. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Historiographische Literatur. In: Henning Krauss (Ed.): New Handbook of Literary Studies Vol. 7: European High Middle Ages. Munich 1981, pp. 425-460.
  83. ↑ See the reviews by Alkuin Volker Schachenmayr in: Analecta Cisterciensia 64 (2014), pp. 384–386; Frank Rexroth in: Historische Zeitschrift 300 (2015), pp. 182–184; Roman Deutinger in: H-Soz-Kult , December 4, 2013 ( online ); Hans-Werner Goetz in: Sehepunkte 14 (2014), No. 2 [15. February 2014], ( online ); Klaus Naß in: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 70 (2014), pp. 780–781 ( online ); Andreas Raffeiner in: Das Mittelalter 21 (2016), pp. 463–464; Klaus Unterburger in: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 127 (2016), pp. 113–115; Bernd Schütte in: Journal for Bavarian Church History 83 (2014), 191–193.
  84. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Otto von Freising. An intellectual in the Middle Ages. A biography. Munich 2013, p. 263.
  85. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Otto von Freising. An intellectual in the Middle Ages. A biography. Munich 2013, p. 265.
  86. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Otto von Freising. An intellectual in the Middle Ages. A biography. Munich 2013, p. 244.
  87. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Saxony. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters 7 (1995), Sp. 1223-1225 and 1227-1231.
  88. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Saxony. Space awareness and space experience in a new central landscape of the empire. In: Bernd Schneidmüller, Stefan Weinfurter (Ed.): Ottonian new beginnings. Mainz am Rhein 2001, pp. 37–57, here: p. 39 ( online ).
  89. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Saxony. Space awareness and space experience in a new central landscape of the empire. In: Bernd Schneidmüller, Stefan Weinfurter (Ed.): Ottonian new beginnings. Mainz am Rhein 2001, pp. 37–57, here: p. 54 ( online ).
  90. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Early and high medieval Saxony as a historical landscape. In: Joachim Dahlhaus, Armin Kohnle (ed.): Papal history and regional history. Festschrift for Hermann Jakobs on his 65th birthday. Cologne et al. 1995, pp. 17-36 ( online ).
  91. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Grave place and burial custom of the German kings in the early and high Middle Ages. In: Braunschweigische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, Jahrbuch 1989, Göttingen 1990, pp. 39–74 ( online ).
  92. ^ Rudolf J. Meyer: King and Emperor burials in the late Middle Ages. From Rudolf von Habsburg to Friedrich III. Cologne 2000, p. 16.
  93. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Magdeburg - Rome - Aachen - Bamberg. The king's burial place and understanding of rule in Ottonian times. In: Bernd Schneidmüller, Stefan Weinfurter (Ed.): Otto III. - Heinrich II. A turning point? Sigmaringen 1997, pp. 47-76 ( digitized version ).
  94. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Otto II and the Memleben monastery. In: Sachsen and Anhalt 18 (1994), pp. 51–82, here: p. 52 ( online ).
  95. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Otto II and the Memleben monastery. In: Sachsen and Anhalt 18 (1994), pp. 51–82, here: p. 62 ( online ).
  96. ^ Thomas Vogtherr: Gravege and royal monastery - Memleben and his monastery in Ottonian times. In: Helge Wittmann (Ed.): Memleben. Königspfalz - Imperial Monastery - Propstei. Petersberg 2001, pp. 79-104, here: pp. 92 ff.
  97. ^ Ernst-Dieter Hehl: Merseburg - foundation of a diocese with reservations. Vows, Canon Law, and Political Scope in the 10th Century. In: Frühmittelalterliche Studien 31 (1997), pp. 96–119, here: p. 114; Johannes Fried: Women and political power in the 10th century. Limits of Knowledge or The Foundation of the Memleben Monastery. In: Sachsen and Anhalt 20 (1996), pp. 29–48, here: pp. 40 ff .; Wolfgang Huschner: Transalpine Communication in the Middle Ages. Diplomatic, cultural and political interactions between Italy and the Northern Alpine Empire (9th-11th centuries). Vol. 2. Hannover 2003, p. 737.
  98. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Otto II and the Memleben monastery. In: Sachsen and Anhalt 18 (1994), pp. 51–82; Gunther Wolf: The Marienkloster in Memleben. In: Archiv für Diplomatik 41 (1995), pp. 21–30; Johannes Fried: Women and political power in the 10th century. Limits of Knowledge or The Foundation of the Memleben Monastery. In: Sachsen and Anhalt 20 (1996), pp. 29–48.
  99. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: Otto II and the Memleben monastery. In: Sachsen and Anhalt 18 (1994), pp. 51-82, especially pp. 74 ff. ( Online ).
  100. ↑ Johannes Fried: Women and Political Power in the 10th Century. Limits of Knowledge or The Foundation of the Memleben Monastery. In: Sachsen and Anhalt 20 (1996), pp. 29-48, especially pp. 30 ff.
  101. ^ Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich I. in Quedlinburg. In: Gerd Althoff, Ernst Schubert (Hrsg.): Representation of power in Ottonian Saxony. Sigmaringen 1998, pp. 235-266, here: p. 238 ( online ).
  102. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The Sachsenmission as an event in the history of salvation. In: Franz Josef Felten, Jaspert, Nikolas Jaspert (ed.): Vita Religiosa in the Middle Ages. Festschrift for Kaspar Elm. Berlin 1999, pp. 37–53, here: p. 47.
  103. ↑ Joachim Ehlers: The Sachsenmission as an event in the history of salvation. In: Franz Josef Felten, Jaspert, Nikolas Jaspert (ed.): Vita Religiosa in the Middle Ages. Festschrift for Kaspar Elm. Berlin 1999, pp. 37–53, here: p. 53.
personal data
SURNAME Ehlers, Joachim
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH May 31, 1936
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
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