Kalkhorst

This article deals with the community in Northwest Mecklenburg. For the nature reserve in the Mecklenburg Lake District, see: Nature reserve Kalkhorst .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 53 ° 58 '  N , 11 ° 3'  E
Basic data
State :	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County :	Northwest Mecklenburg
Office :	Klützer Winkel
Height :	32 m above sea level NHN
Area :	51.91 km 2
Residents:	1747 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	34 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes :	23942, 23948 (Brook, Elmenhorst, Hohen Schönberg, Klein Pravtshagen, Warnkenhagen)
Primaries :	038825, 038827
License plate :	NWM, GDB, GVM, WIS
Community key :	13 0 74 037
Office administration address:	Schlossstrasse 1 23948 Klütz
Website :	www.kalkhorst-ostsee.de
Mayor :	Dietrich Neick
Location of the municipality Kalkhorst in the district of Northwest Mecklenburg

Baltic beach at Brook

Kalkhorst is a municipality in the extreme northwest of the district of Northwest Mecklenburg in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany). The community is administered by the Klützer Winkel office based in Klütz .

geography

Together with the northern districts of the small town of Dassow , the municipality of Kalkhorst forms the north-westernmost tip of Mecklenburg. The districts of Groß Schwansee and Brook are only a few meters from the Baltic Sea . The coastal section consists of steep banks, of which the Kleinklützhöved near the Warnkenhagen district with a height of 31 meters should be emphasized. The highest elevation in the community and the entire Klützer angle is the Hohe Schönberg at 89 m above sea level. NN .

The municipality is part of the Hamburg metropolitan region .

The districts of Borkenhagen, Brook , Dönkendorf, Elmenhorst , Groß Schwansee , Hohen Schönberg , Klein Pravtshagen, Klein Schwansee, Neuenhagen and Warnkenhagen belong to Kalkhorst . The districts of Elmenhorst, Brook and Warnkenhagen formerly formed the independent municipality of Elmenhorst , which merged with the municipality of Kalkhorst on January 1, 2004.

history

Kalkhorst is mentioned for the first time on July 8, 1222. The parishes of Elmenhorst and von Kalkhorst are mentioned in 1230 in the Ratzeburg tithe register , which lists the localities that were then part of the Ratzeburg diocese according to parishes . Around 1307 the place was probably already a manor. The Kalkhorst village church was built around 1230 . Georg Dehio dates the construction of the Kalkhorster Church to around 1240/50.

The lords of Kalkhorst with the main estate were the brothers Heinrich and Johann von Both around 1314 , although a von Both was mentioned as the owner of Rankendorf as early as 1220. The place remained under the rule of von Both for centuries. In the 17th and 18th centuries, wars, devastation, epidemics and famine determined the region and the place Kalkhorst.

Kalkhorst was burned down by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War .

In 1705 the church began to be fundamentally renovated and a new rectory was built. Various sales and purchases of goods in Kalkhorst in 1729 led to Kalkhorst becoming a closed large estate. In the middle of the 18th century, large numbers of livestock on the Kalkhorster estate fell victim to the rinderpest. Of 120 cows, 24 oxen and young cattle, only 3 animals remained. The estate remained in the hands of von Both. The estate was enlarged again by purchasing the Rankendorf estate. Renewed outbreaks of rinderpest caused the livestock to collapse. However, during this time there was active construction activity in the estate.

In 1764 the Rankendorf estate was sold to Mr. von Bülow . This marked the end of the centuries-long rule of von Both's. The Schwansee (1775) and Dönkendorf (1783) estates were also sold. So only the Kalkhorst estate remained in Both’s possession, which was clearly in debt and dilapidated around 1814.

In 1849 Kalkhorst was purchased by Baron Wilhelm von Biel (1789–1876). Lively construction activity began. On September 7, 1852, Wilhelm von Biel handed the Kalkhorst estate over to his son Thomson von Biel. Since the manor house at that time was probably in a very desolate condition, planning for a new building was started. In 1855 Kalkhorst Castle and the manor in the Dönkendorf district were built. With the beginning of the industrial age, new businesses arose in the Klützer Winkel. In 1891 a dairy cooperative was founded. The construction of the paved road to Dassow (with a connection to Lübeck ) ensured better sales opportunities from 1908. In the south of the community peat was mined from 1920 . In 1921 Kalkhorst became an independent municipality, eight years later the place received the first electricity connections and the road to Klütz was completed.

During the time of the National Socialist tyranny, Kalkhorst Castle served as a training facility for the Association for Germanness Abroad (VDA) and for the Austrian NSDAP. The Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler is said to have moved into quarters here shortly before the surrender, on the way to Schleswig-Holstein to the new seat of government.

On July 1, 1950, the previously independent community Dönkendorf was incorporated.

After the end of World War II , Kalkhorst Castle was used to treat typhus patients, and until 1999 it served as a sanatorium and a psychiatric nursing home. The castle - like the manor house in Groß Schwansee - has been in private hands again since the late 1990s.

A wind turbine was built in 2000 southwest of the main town of Kalkhorst .

politics

coat of arms

Blazon : “In blue on a heraldic shield base divided three times by silver over blue, a floating silver boat; above two diagonally crossed golden gable boards with turned away horse heads. " The coat of arms and the flag were designed by the Schwerin heraldist Heinz Kippnick . It was approved together with the flag on March 25, 2004 by the Ministry of the Interior and registered under the number 289 of the coat of arms of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms and the flag were designed in 2000 and were the emblems of the dissolved municipality of Kalkhorst from February 1, 2001 to December 31, 2003 (WR No. 235). Since its symbolism and tinging are also representative of the new municipal area, it was expressly accepted by the new Kalkhorst municipality and finally approved by the Ministry of the Interior. In the coat of arms, the boat floating on the waves refers on the one hand to the location of the municipality on the Baltic Sea, and on the other hand the boat symbol borrowed from the coat of arms of von Both reminds of the family who long-term development of Kalkhorst and parts of Elmenhorst certain. With the diagonally crossed gable boards, according to the design principle of the pars pro toto, the Lower Saxon farmhouses that helped shape the dolf picture are symbolized.

flag

Flag of the municipality of Kalkhorst

The flag is evenly striped lengthways in yellow and blue. In the middle of the flag is the municipal coat of arms, two thirds of the height of the yellow and blue stripes. The length of the flag is related to the height as 5: 3.

Official seal

The official seal shows the municipal coat of arms with the inscription "GEMEINDE KALKHORST".

Sights and culture

Buildings

See also : List of architectural monuments in Kalkhorst

Churches

• The village church Kalkhorst is of Georg Dehio dated to the period around 1240/50. It is a brick building with rich baroque furnishings, the exterior of which has been subject to multiple changes. The interior of the church is characterized by combatless square pillars and wide-span stepped arcades, wall and vault paintings.
• The Elmenhorst village church is an early Gothic brick church on a cross-shaped floor plan, which was first mentioned in 1230.

• 

  Kalkhorst village church

• 

  Kalkhorst organ

• 

  Elmenhorst village church

Manor houses and castles

• Kalkhorst Castle is a historicizing three-storey mansion from around 1853, built for Baron Thomson von Biel.
• The Groß Schwansee manor in the Groß Schwansee district is a former manor in a classical style used as a hotel.
• The Hohen Schönberg estate was first mentioned in a document in 1230 as Sconberge . It was named after the Hohe Schönberg, which with its almost 100 meters is the highest elevation between Lübeck and Wismar. The owner at the time was Heinrich von Parkentin , followed by the von Both and von Plessen families, and finally the Counts of Bothmer from the nearby Bothmer Castle . After the manor house was demolished, only the one-storey, small hunting lodge remains today .
• The cultural asset in the Dönkendorf district is a seven-axis brick building that is located on a small lake. Pieces of music are performed in the park in summer.

• 

  Kalkhorst Castle

• 

  Groß Schwansee Castle Estate

Parks

In 2010 the Kalkhorst Miniature Park was opened with initially 40 buildings on a scale of 1:25. In November 2011, the municipality of Kalkhorst received 250 miniature buildings in a scale of 1:25 from the Neubrandenburg unemployment association , which had previously been exhibited in the Mecklenburg Lake District model park in Neubrandenburg for eleven years. With these structures, the Kalkhorst facility was considerably expanded. In 2019 the "Minimare" is to open as a joint location for the miniature park and the shell museum in an amusement park. ^[outdated]

Memorials

Foot / cycle path to the Cap Arcona Groß Schwansee memorial

Memorial to the dead of the Cap Arcona

After the sinking of the Cap Arcona in 1945, a mass grave and a memorial for 407 victims of the disaster, who had been driven ashore during the summer, were erected near the shore in the Groß Schwansee district . This mass grave was moved to Grevesmühlen in the mid-1950s . The Politische Memoriale e. V. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the Cap-Arcona-Gedenken support group, in agreement with the municipality and with the support of the district administration, have marked this place again with a wooden cross and a metal plaque with a picture viewer.

A direct road leads from Kalkhorst to a parking lot near the beach. From there a path leads to the foot / cycle path that runs along the Baltic Sea. The memorial ( Lage ) is two kilometers to the west .

Economy, transport and infrastructure

Agriculture and nature

Agriculture is still the determining economic factor in the municipality. The gentle, nature-loving tourism has been increasingly promoted for several years. The coastal landscape nature reserve between Priwall and Barendorf extends from Priwall to Kalkhorst with the Harkenbäkniederung along the natural beach of Lübeck Bay . Another nature reserve in the municipality is the Brooker Forest as a coastal forest .

One of the two electrodes of the Baltic Cable is located in the Baltic Sea off the coast near Warnkenhagen . The environmentally toxic effect of this bare conductor lying in the water depends on the direction of the current, either chlorine or caustic soda is released and the oxygen content of the seawater is reduced.

traffic

Kalkhorst is reached via the connecting roads from Dassow and Klütz . The small town of Dassow, eight kilometers away, is on the federal highway 105 from Lübeck to Wismar . The Schönberg motorway exit ( Baltic Sea motorway ) is 20 km south of Kalkhorst . The next train stations are in Grevesmühlen and Schönberg .

Personalities

Dönkendorf

• Thilo von Westernhagen (1950–2014), composer and pianist, lived on Dönkendorf since 1998, which he expanded into a cultural asset

Elmenhorst

• Luise Schmidt (painter) (1855–1924), painter

Groß Schwansee

• Wolfgang Grotthaus (* 1947), SPD politician, 1998–2009 Member of the Bundestag

Hohen Schönberg

• Otto Moll (1915–1946), SS-Hauptscharführer and perpetrator of the Holocaust

Kalkhorst

• Johann Cyriacus Höfer (around 1605–1667), writer, was a pastor in Kalkhorst for 28 years
• Hartwig Julius Ludwig von Both (1789–1857), envoy in the Bundestag of the German Confederation, was born in Kalkhorst
• Bernhard Romberg (organist) (1863–1913), court music director of the Mecklenburg Grand-Ducal
• Martha Frahm (1894–1969), mother of Willy Brandt

Web links

Commons : Kalkhorst  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2004
3. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang, Manfred Rohde: Kalkhorst Chronik . Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, pp. 11-14
4. ↑ ^{a b} Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German cultural monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich Berlin 2000
5. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang, Manfred Rohde: Kalkhorst Chronik . Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, pp. 19, 31
6. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang, Manfred Rohde: Kalkhorst Chronik . Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 38 ff
7. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang, Manfred Rohde: Kalkhorst Chronik . Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 46 ff.
8. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang, Manfred Rohde: Kalkhorst Chronik . Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 49 ff
9. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang, Manfred Rohde: Kalkhorst Chronik . Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 56 ff
10. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang, Manfred Rohde: Kalkhorst Chronik . Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 66 ff
11. ↑ see the main article "Kalkhorst Castle"
12. ↑ Hans-Heinz Schütt: On shield and flag - the coats of arms and flags of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and its municipalities . Ed .: production office TINUS; Schwerin. 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814380-0-0 , pp. 167-168 .
13. ↑ ^{a b} main statute § 1 (PDF).
14. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German cultural monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich Berlin 2000, p. 261
15. ^ Dönkendorf cultural property
16. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Looking for a concept for the miniature park . Lübecker Nachrichten of August 28, 2011
17. ↑ Model park packs up ( Memento from April 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). Nordkurier . November 10, 2011
18. ↑ Kalkhorst: Minimare is to be opened in 2019 , Ostsee-Zeitung , August 16, 2017
19. ↑ On the Cap Arcona commemoration in Mecklenburg and on the Bay of Lübeck in: Gedenkstättenrundbrief 137, pp. 3–13, accessed online on May 13, 2013