Bülow (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the von Bülow

Bülow ['by: lo:] is the name of a German noble family . The lords , barons , counts and princes von Bülow are among the oldest and most well-known families of the Mecklenburg prehistoric nobility and were able to spread far beyond their home. Numerous branches of the family still exist today.

history

Origin and Distribution

Oriole as a helmet jewel (Bülow chapel in the Doberaner Minster )

The Bülow are a single-origin family who first appeared in a document with the knight Godofridus de Bulowe in 1229. With Gottfried , who was also named as a knight in a total of 24 documents in the years 1239 to 1255, the secured lineage of the sex begins . It borrowed its name from its headquarters of the same name in Bülow near Rehna in Mecklenburg , a current district of Königsfeld . In 1237 Gottfried furnished the newly founded Rehna Monastery near his knight seat in Bülow with new land. In the local language area, based on Wendish language roots, the oriole , which is also listed as a jewel of the family coat of arms, is referred to as Vogel Bülow .

The knights and brothers Johann († before 1309) and Heinrich († 1267) donated the two branches A Wedendorf and B Gadebusch- Plüskow (Plüschow). In the years 1382 to 1444 the family branched into a total of eight lines, which are named after the main estates owned at the time and according to which their descendants are genealogically divided up to this day: Wedendorf (owned by the family from 1255 to 1679), Potremse (before 1445 to mid-18th century), Simen (from approx. 1400 to mid-18th century), Radum (Groß Raden near Sternberg , around 1380–1669), Zibühl (from 1322), Gartow (acquired from the Order of St. John in 1438, 1694 onwards which Bernstorff sold), Wehningen (from 1428) and Plüskow ( Plüschow Castle , from 1450 to 1758).

Grave slab of the bishops Ludolf († 1339) and Heinrich († 1347) von Bülow in Schwerin Cathedral

In the 14th century, the Bülow provided four bishops in the Schwerin diocese . There was also a close connection to the church later, for example a bishop in the diocese of Lebus came from the family in the 15th century. Until the Reformation , several canons, deans, two provosts and three prioresses are known in the Rehna monastery in Mecklenburg . The registration book of the Dobbertin monastery shows 188 entries with the family name Bülow in the period 1696 to 1918 ; about fifteen percent of these enrolled girls were accepted as conventuals in the Dobbertin monastery. Bülow foundations such as epitaphs, baptismal chalices, candlesticks, patronage chairs, bells and altars are known from 73 churches in Mecklenburg .

In 1383 the knight Heinrich von Bülow burned down the place Wilsnack (Brandenburg), its church and other villages in the area. After three red discolored hosts had been found in the ruins of the Wilsnack Church, the Havelberg bishop Dietrich II von Man confirmed a host miracle . The Wunderblutkirche then became one of the most important pilgrimage churches in Europe. The pilgrimages to the Wunderblutkirche ended when the first Protestant pastor of Wilsnack burned the remains of the wafers in 1552.

In the period from 1229 to 1945 the Bülows were able to temporarily take possession of 110 castles, estates and villages in Mecklenburg. Numerous Mecklenburg goods were owned by the family until they were expropriated in 1945: Camin owned the Wedendorf line (since 1663), Goldenbow from 1852 and Rodenwalde until 1930 , the Simen Bäbelitz and Jatzke line, the Gartow line ( Woserin branch ) from 1791 Wamckow and from 1901 Ludorf and from 1908 Solzow , the Wehningen line (Gudow branch) from 1604 Wendisch Lieps , the Plüskow line from 1883 Stremlow and from 1914 Rogeez . Gorow was owned by the family from 1767 to 1945.

Gutshaus Gudow , Duchy of Lauenburg district (around 1830), family-owned since 1470

In neighboring Schleswig-Holstein, some goods have remained in family ownership to this day: The Lauenburg hereditary land marshals von Bülow have owned the Gudow estate since 1470 until today. The Gudower Bülow also acquired the Kühren estate in 1778 , where a separate branch was formed, which Kühren has been cultivated to this day and which was elevated to the Prussian primogenic count status in 1881. Since 1812 Gut Bothkamp has also owned a branch, since 1891 Gut Wittmoldt .

In Denmark , where the first Bülows came in the 14th century, branches of the Wedendorf, Radum and Plüskow lines are still common today. Between 1656 and 1904 the family received a total of 18 aristocratic naturalizations in Denmark. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Bülow were also able to spread into Livonia . In the Netherlands, he was accepted into the Dutch nobility with the title Jonkheer for the descent of the royal Dutch premier lieutenant Carel Floris Willem von Bülow († 1823). In Prussia , the family was granted the right to present to the Prussian mansion on December 24, 1904 .

The sex has had a family association since 1867 with currently around 400 members and organizes family days every two years. The Bülow are the largest German aristocratic family, followed by the Arnim .

On the initiative of the family association, the Bülow Chapel in Doberan Minster , donated in 1372 by Schwerin Bishop Friedrich II von Bülow , was restored.

Lines and status surveys

Abbensen manor
Bülow from Abbensen

The brothers Joachim Heinrich , Kurhannoverscher Privy Councilor, Thomas Christian , Braunschweig-Cellescher Rat and Oberhauptmann, Cuno Josias , Hannoverscher Lieutenant General, Johann Otto , Braunschweig-Lüneburg District Administrator, and Wilhelm Dietrich , Royal Prussian Court Master and Knight of the Order, all sons of Paul von Bülow , were elevated to the status of imperial baron by the Emperor Joseph I with a diploma on December 16, 1705 .

Baron Ernst August von Bülow (1697–1766), Braunschweig-Lüneburg real secret and domain chamber councilor, was on March 5, 1736 in Vienna by Emperor Karl VI. raised to the rank of imperial count . The Kurhannoversche recognition of the count was issued on August 14, 1736. However, he died without heirs.

Prussia recognized Heinrich Wilhelm von Bülow, royal Prussian chamberlain, secret legation counselor and envoy in Paris, the baron on December 14, 1831. The brothers Johann Friedrich and Adolph Friedrich, both with the rank of royal Hanover captain, and Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow, royal Hanoverian Landdrost , received Hanoverian recognition of the baron class on February 26, 1842. The Hanoverian manor Abbensen was owned by the family from 1654 to around 1880.

Beyernaumburg Castle , family-owned from 1653 to 1945
Bülow from the Beyernaumburg house

In accordance with the law of the first-born and tied to the property of the Beyernaumburg family fideikommiss ( family property from 1653 to 1945), the Prussian baron came to Wilhelm von Bülow on August 15 and October 28, 1903 . The Barons von Bülow were resident in Beyernaumburg, among others, until 1945.

Bülow from Brunsrode

Also in accordance with the law of the firstborn and linked to the property of Groß Brunsrode (owned by the family from 1634 to 1989), Georg von Bülow was raised to the status of baron in Braunschweig on May 7, 1904. The Prussian approval to use the title of baron was issued on September 16, 1904.

Bülow from Essenrode
Essenrode manor

Friedrich Ludwig Victor Hans von Bülow from the Essenrode house (Helmstedt district, 1625-1837 owned by the family) was initially a Hanoverian minister and on January 9, 1810 was raised to the Westphalian count. As royal Prussian finance minister, he was appointed by King Friedrich Wilhelm III. on January 17, 1816 raised to the rank of count. His son, Count Hans Adolf Carl von Bülow, was Mecklenburg-Schwerin's Prime Minister from 1850 to 1858.

For Karl von Bülow (* 1812), son of the royal Danish chamberlain and court hunter, Gottlob von Bülow from the Essenrode house and Louise von Stolle , there was a Bülow-Stolle name and coat of arms association on September 19, 1818 .

Bülow from the house of Kamin

The later Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow (1849–1929) was ennobled to the Prussian count on June 22, 1899. The inheritance of the title was conditional. On June 6, 1905, he was promoted to the Prussian princehood. He died with no offspring.

Bülow from the Kühren house

The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Lord Chamberlain and chief hunter was governed by the law of primogeniture and tied lifted into the possession of the Fideikommiss Kühren with Wilhelminenhof (county Plon, Schleswig-Holstein) on 22 July and 16 September 1881 in the Prussian count conditions. The noble estates of Kühren (with an area of ​​800 ha) and Wilhelminenhof have been owned by the lords and counts of Bülow since 1778. The old manor house in Kühren was demolished in the middle of the 20th century and replaced by a new one in 1996.

Bülow von Dennewitz

In recognition of his victory on September 6, 1813 in the Battle of Dennewitz over the French, the Prussian infantry general Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow from the Falkenberg family (family property from 1683) became the Prussian count of Paris on June 3, 1814 Dennewitz raised.

Bülow Trummer

On September 12, 1872, the Mecklenburg name association Bülow-Trummer came about for Ernst von Bülow and his wife Elisabeth Trummer , who was married in 1871 .

Bülow-Wendhausen

A Braunschweig confirmation of the baron status with name and coat of arms association with the barons of Wendhausen was issued on December 30, 1839 for the ducal Braunschweig chamber president Friedrich von Bülow (1772-1840).

Noblemen Bülow from the Lichterfelde house (1828), (1855) and (1870)

The natural son of the royal Prussian district administrator and major Karl von Bülow from the Lichterfelde house (1778-1851), Karl Kolberg (* 1801), later royal Prussian government councilor, received the Prussian nobility legitimation on August 20, 1828 with the settlement of his father's name Bülow .

Helene Möller (* 1842), adoptive daughter of the above-mentioned Karl von Bülow , who was ennobled in 1828 , was raised to the Prussian nobility on November 19, 1855 with the settlement of the adoptive father's coat of arms and name.

Likewise, a Prussian nobility went on in Berlin on May 2, 1870 for Louise Holle (* 1863), adopted daughter of the school inspector Karl von Bülow from the Lichterfelde house (1820–1898) and Luise von Bülow , with the name and coat of arms of the adoptive parents being resolved.

Family burial

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows fourteen (4,4,3,2,1) golden balls in blue. On the helmet with blue and gold covers an oriole with a gold ring in its beak between an open gold flight behind two blue buffalo horns each covered with seven gold balls .

Historical coats of arms

Well-known namesake (chronological)

The von Bülow family on October 28, 1928 in front of their
Rogeez manor

literature

  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : German count houses of the present: in heraldic, historical and genealogical relation , 1854, p. 45f, digitized
  • Hermann von Bruiningk : The v. Bülow in Livonia 1633 to 1750. In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics . Mitau 1930, pp. 11-29
  • Adolf von Bülow: Bülowsches Familienbuch. 2 volumes, Schwerin 1911/1914
  • Family tables ..., on behalf of the v. Bülow family association on a voluntary basis. by Carl v. Bülow, 1974
  • Henning von Bülow: Bülowsches Familienbuch. Vol. 3, 1994
  • Fourteen balls on a blue sign. The Bülows in the story published by the von Bülow'schen Familienverband eV, written by Daniel Faustmann with the help of Henning and Detlev Werner von Bülow. Thomas Helms Verlag Schwerin 2014. ISBN 978-3-944033-08-2
  • Gottfried von Bülow: Historical news about the von Bülow zu Oebisfelde, as a contribution to the history of the sex according to documented sources. Magdeburg, Baensch, 1860 ( digitized version )
  • Gottfried von Bülow: Historical news about the von Bülow. Magdeburg 1868
  • Jakob Friedrich Joachim von Bülow: With copper and many documents provided, historical, genealogical and critical description of the noble, Freyherr- and Countess family von Bülow. Neubrandenburg, Korb, 1780 ( digitized version )
  • Jakob Friedrich Joachim von Bülow and Paul von Bülow: Family book of the von Bülow. Berlin, Königliche Oberhofdruckerei, 1858 ( digitized version )
  • Friedrich Crull : The coats of arms of the genders of the team that existed in today's Meklenburg boundaries until 1360. In: Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology, Volume 52 (1887), pp. 34–182 ( digitized version ( Memento from May 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ))
  • Danmarks Adels Aarbog, 1963, Part II, pp. 3–4 and 1964 (family and older genealogy)
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility , CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn), Volume 10 of the complete series (1955), 20 (1959), 21 (1959), 22 (1960), 40 (1967), 49 (1971), (1987)
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon Volume II, Volume 58 of the complete series, pp. 161-165, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1974, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Heinrich Otto MeisnerBülow, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 727 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year 1859. Ninth year. S.108ff Freiherrliche Linie
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses to the year 1864, p.9ff Bülow-Wendhausen
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses 1886. Sixth and thirtieth year, p.105ff
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses 1908, p.94f

Web links

Commons : Bülow family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch , Vol. I, No. 370
  2. Bülowscher Familienverband ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / familie.von-buelow.de
  3. ^ Website Gut Kühren
  4. Hans-Joachim Böttcher : Historical grave monuments and their inscriptions in the Dübener Heide . Ed .: Working group for medieval family research. No. 165 . Leipzig August 2005, p. 32 .