Heinrich I. von Bülow

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Community grave of the brothers Ludolf and Heinrich von Bülow in Schwerin Cathedral.

Heinrich von Bülow (* before 1290; † November 28, 1347 in Warin ) was 1311-1336 Canon of Schwerin , 1320-1327 Canon in Bützow , from 1326-1329 thesaurary in the Schwerin cathedral chapter , 1237 pastor of Stralsund and from 1339 to 1347 as Heinrich I. Bishop of Schwerin .

Life

After the death of Bishop Ludolf von Bülow on April 23, 1339, his brother Heinrich came to the episcopal throne in the diocese of Schwerin.

Heinrich was already documented in Rehna on 4th July 1311 as Schwerin canon Hinrico fratibus de Bulowe , when Bishop Gottfried I von Bülow inaugurated the churchyard in Bülow near Rehna . On November 7, 1320 he was mentioned in Schwerin as Bützow canon Hinrico fratribus, Zwerinensis et Butzowensis eccleriarum Canonicis . It does not seem to be entirely certain whether he also had a canonical in Lübeck . But he is said to have owned a farm in Lübeck and even before February 14, 1326, as a canon with the Lübeck councilman Hermann Clemedenst , he had to pay a debt of 69 marks to Martini to Heinrich von Warendorf .

From February 14, 1326 to December 7, 1333 Heinrich was recorded as canon of Lübeck, where on June 22, 1332 he acted as an agent of the Lübeck cathedral chapter in disputes over property. On November 12, 1331 and May 25, 1333 he and his brothers established a vicarie in Schwerin and a cathedral priest in Lübeck.

On December 13, 1326, the dignity of a thesaurar (custos) in the Schwerin cathedral chapter can already be proven for him, which he apparently held until his elevation to the bishop's throne, because in 1338 he was designated with this dignity.

When the parish of Stralsund was transferred to Heinrich von Bülow, there were considerable difficulties and these were accompanied by extensive litigation and controversial questions of patronage. On February 27, 1327 Ludolf von Bülow, as archdeacon of Tribsees, asserted his right to occupy this parish in accordance with old custom and ordered the clergy to accept and respect the councilors and residents of the city of Stralsund, the Schwerin Thesaurarius Heinrich as his brother. Because of possible interference with this appointment, Heinrich immediately turned to the Pope and also named two clergymen as procurators who were to take possession of the parish on his behalf. In this confused situation there was also violence in Stralsund. On July 12, 1336, a papal order was finally issued to appoint him to the parish of Stralsund. With regard to physical disputes, Heinrich von Bülow made a will in 1337, which, however, has not survived.

The documentary mention of the new bishop Hinricus dei gracia Swerinensis ecclesie episcopus dates back to March 16, 1340. It is not known when the election and confirmation took place. The ordination date was definitely before April 22, 1341, because on this day Johann Mule was ordained as bishop in Lübeck . Archbishop Burchard von Bremen is the consecrator, the two bishops Heinrich von Schwerin and Volrad von dem Dorne von Ratzeburg are the co- consecrators . The renewal of the contract between the archbishop and his suffragans as well as with the Hamburg cathedral chapter with regard to the feeding of the provincial synods took place the next day. In June 1341, Bishop Heinrich issued synodal statutes for his diocese, which have not been preserved.

The difficulties with the parish in Stralsund were not over in 1342, so that Pope Clemens VI. saw compelled to intervene. On May 3, 1343, he even threatened the execution of the verdict against the city with the help of the secular poor . For years, the cathedral chapter did not fully agree with what was happening and felt that the claims to the Principality of Rügen had been ignored.

Bishop Heinrich von Bülow seemed to have a very good relationship with Doberan Abbey . On June 11, 1345, he issued a monitum in their favor to the pastors of the diocese, the monks and their monastery as well as their curiae with all spiritual power, to protect with excommunication if necessary.

In the pontificate of Bishop Heinrich there were enough difficulties, of which he was not completely under control, such as the attempt to acquire the mainland of Rügen or the preference of his family with regard to pawn shops. There is no precise information about the amount of debt he left behind. It was also clear that the sum was not small. Later chroniclers accused Heinrich of increasing the debts of the diocese and favoring the von Bülow family, who at his death had the majority of the episcopal table goods in pledge possession. He is said to have paid for the construction of the large round chapel on the south side of the collegiate church in Bützow, which was decorated with Bülow's coat of arms and whose vault was supported by a central octagonal pillar, out of his own pocket. In the 18th century the chapel was already dilapidated and demolished.

On November 28, 1347, Bishop Heinrich I von Bülow died in Warin . His body was buried in the high choir of the Schwerin Cathedral . Together with his brother and predecessor Ludolf, it received a double grave plate made of brass plates.

seal

Bishop I. von Bülow wielded a large, round seal with the image of a bishop seated in a Gothic niche, raising his right hand in a blessing and holding the crooked bishop's crook with his left. At the feet is the Bülow coat of arms with the 14 spheres (Byzantines).

The inscription reads: HINRIC DEI GRACIA EPS ECCE ZWERINEN

A small round sectet seal, which was occasionally also used as a back seal, is provided in a quatrefoil with the bust of a bishop with miter on a gridded ground.

The inscription reads: SECRETU HENRICI EPI ZWERINEN

Grave slab

In Schwerin Cathedral, on the north wall of the choir aisle, there is a double grave plate made of brass plates, today in an oak frame, for the bishops Ludolf and Heinrich von Bülow. The cast and then engraved plate was made in Flanders. The deceased Bishop Heinrich is dressed in a precious chasuble and has raised his right hand to bless with his eyes open and holds the crook in his left, the symbol of the episcopal dignity. Surrounded by a Gothic framework with numerous figurative representations and surrounding inscriptions. Above with the coat of arms of those von Bülow.

The family association had the brass plates restored in 2002.

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Bernhard Hederich: Directory of the bishops of Schwerin . In: Georg Gustav Gerdes: Useful collection of various good partly unprinted writings and clock customers ... 5./6. Collection. Wismar 1737/39, pp. 378-491.
  • Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg I./II. Wismar 1741.
  • Ernst Deecke : News on the history of the diocese of Schwerin. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology , Vol. 21 (1856), p. 178 (digitized version)
  • Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin with biographical remarks. Ludwigslust 1900.
  • Gerhard Müller-Alpermann: Status and origin of the bishops of the Magdeburg and Hamburg church provinces in the Middle Ages. Prenzlau 1930.
  • Klaus Wriedt : The canonical processes around the claims of Mecklenburg and Pomerania to the Rügische inheritance, 1326-1348. Cologne 1963.
  • Josef Traeger : The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 76-81.
  • Josef Traeger: The bishops of the Schwerin diocese , In: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin , St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 92-93.
  • Heinrich Otto Meisner :  Bülow, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 727 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Bernhard Stasiewski :  Ludolf von Bülow. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 300 ( digitized version ).
  • Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400). Cologne, Vienna 1987 pp. 66, 93, 199.
  • Adolf Friederici: The Lübeck Cathedral Chapter in the Middle Ages 1160–1400. Neumünster 1988, p. 190. (Sources and research on the history of Schleswig-Holstein 91)
  • Klaus Krüger: I am a guest on earth. Grave slabs in Mecklenburg churches. Schwerin 1995. Catalog, text and Fig. 5.
  • Erwin Gatz (ed.), With the assistance of Clemens Brodkorb: The Bishops of the Holy Roman Empire 1198 to 1448. A biographical lexicon. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-10303-3 , p. 706.
  • Drorotheus Graf Rothkirch: Witnesses of Power and Intercession - The tombstones of Bishops Rudolf I and von Bülow in Schwerin Cathedral . In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Volume 3, Schwerin 2008, pp. 25–38. ISBN 978-3-935770-22-4
  • Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. The dictionary of persons . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-356-01301-6 , p. 4004 .
  • Andreas Röpcke: Bülow, Heinrich. In: Biographical Lexicon for Mecklenburg. Vol. 6 Rostock 2011 ISBN 978-3-7950-3750-5 pp. 83-85.

Printed sources

Web links

Commons : Heinrich von Bülow, Henry I of Schwerin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin. 1900 p. 7, 15.
  2. ↑ MUB VI. (1870) No. 4224.
  3. ↑ Margit Kakuza-Baumruker: List of Thesaurare . In: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400) . 1987 p. 66.
  4. ^ Bülowsches Familienbuch I. Heinrich als Bischof von Schwerin , pp. 31–33.
  5. ↑ MUB V. (1869) No. 3479.
  6. ↑ MUB VI. (1870) No. 4224.
  7. ↑ MUB VIII. (1872) No. 4696.
  8. ↑ MUB X. (1877) No. 6906.
  9. ^ First Lower Town Book of the City of Lübeck, registered in 1326 by Valentin.
  10. ↑ MUB VII. (1872) No. 4696, MUB VIII. (1873) No. 5467.
  11. ↑ MUB VIII. (1873) No. 5343.
  12. ↑ MUB VIII. (1873) No. 5289, Document Book Diocese of Lübeck No. 577.
  13. ↑ MUB VIII. (1872) No. 4790.
  14. ↑ MUB VIII. (1872) No. 4800, 4809.
  15. ^ Klaus Wriedt: The canonical processes around the claims of Mecklenburg and Pomerania to the Rügische inheritance. 1326-1348. , 1963 pp. 35-49.
  16. ↑ MUB VII. (1872) No. 5469.
  17. ↑ MUB IX. (1875) No. 5734.
  18. ↑ MUB IX. (1875) No. 6034.
  19. ↑ MUB IX. (1875) No. 6125.
  20. ↑ MUB IX (1875) No. 6296.
  21. ↑ MUB IX. (1875) no.6491.
  22. ↑ Bülow's family book IS 33.
  23. ^ Dietrich Schröder: Papistisches Mecklenburg I./II., P. 1211.
  24. ^ Andreas Röpcke: Bülow, Heinrich. 2011 p. 84.
  25. ↑ MUB X. (1877) No. 6800.
predecessor Office successor
Ludolf von Bülow Bishop of Schwerin
1339–1347 		Willekin Pape
personal data
SURNAME Heinrich I. von Bülow
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Canon of Schwerin, Canon in Bützow, thesaurus in the Schwerin Cathedral Chapter, pastor of Stralsund and Bishop of Schwerin
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH November 28, 1347
Place of death Was in