Ludolf von Bülow

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Ludolf von Bülow (* around 1275; † April 23, 1339 in Warin ) from 1298 to 1231 Canon of Schwerin, 1302–1331 archdeacon of Tribsees and from 1331 to 1339 bishop of Schwerin .

Community grave of the brothers Ludolf and Heinrich von Bülow in Schwerin Cathedral.

Life

Ludolf came from the Mecklenburg nobility of the von Bülow family . The ancestor of the family, Gottfried, is documented in 1229 as a witness Godofridus de Bulowe . He was the son of Heinrich IV von Bülow, knight and Burgmann zu Gadebusch . Other bishops of Schwerin came from the family: Gottfried I. von Bülow was his uncle; his successor Heinrich I. von Bülow was his brother and Friedrich II. von Bülow his nephew.

As Schwerin canon , Ludolf von Bülow was proven on May 29, 1298 in a document from the incumbent Bishop Gottfried von Bülow.

In 1302 he was also mentioned as Archdeacon of St. Thomas in Tribsees Ludolfus archydiaknus in Tribeses et canonius in Zwerin . The archdeaconate district of Tribsees was large and weighty, in addition to 44 parishes, the Hanseatic city of Stralsund also belonged to it. The first time you use as archdeacon he had on 15 November 1302 a member of a three-member arbitral tribunal, the dispute between the monastery Doberan and the pastor Hinrich Goldoghe to Schwaan on the way of mediation to settle. In the next few years Ludolf was to be found in Warin and Schwerin in the vicinity of his Schwerin bishop as a documentary witness, often instead of the official title archdeacon only the Schwerin canon. As such, he attested to the union of the Bützow Dompropstei with the Archdeaconate Rostock and in 1314 participated in the restructuring of the Bützow chapter, in which Hinrich Goldoghe also had a preamble. In 1312 the archdeacon received a special order from his uncle, Bishop Gottfried. Ludolf was authorized as a visitor to take part in a visit ordered by the Archbishop of Bremen, Jens Grand . As a leading figure in the Schwerin Cathedral Chapter, he was appointed to an arbitration tribunal for the Bützow and Warin colleges in 1323 alongside the provost Luder and the dean Johann Warsow .

With the extinction of the Rügen princes on November 8, 1325, the Tribsees archdeaconate suddenly showed a strong interest in the Rügen heritage. Ludolf testified to the foundation of a vicarie in Barth in Stralsund , but in 1326 the pastoral posts in Stralsund and Barth were vacant. After attempted arbitration in January 1327 in Schwerin Cathedral, the archdeacon Ludolf transferred the controversial parish in Lübeck to his brother, the Schwerin thesaurar Heinrich von Bülow. That caused him a lot of trouble during his archdeaconate.

As archdeacon he was also actively involved in the disputes of the diocese ownership on the island of Rügen, which the Pomeranian and Mecklenburg princes claimed there. Archdeacons often represented the bishop in matters of spiritual supervision and jurisdiction.

After the death of his predecessor Johann II zu Putlitz , Archbishop Burchard Grelle of Bremen confirmed the election of Ludolf as Bishop of Schwerin by the cathedral chapter on July 30, 1331 . The Electus promised to personally take over the costs of 2500 Luebian marks for his ordination and enthronement in order not to burden the difficult financial situation in the diocese any further. The episcopal ordination took place by the Archbishop of Bremen Burchard in the presence of the co-consecrators, the Bishops Hinrich von Lübeck and Marquard von Ratzeburg , on August 11, 1331 in Bremen, because the construction of the Schwerin Cathedral was not yet completed. His bishop's seal is based closely on that of his uncle Gottfried in the self-portrayal.

During the short term of office, Bishop Ludolf tried to reduce the debts of the bishopric that had accumulated under his predecessors, but on the other hand increased them by pledging church property to his relatives. But there were also foundations in favor of the Schwerin cathedral chapter and the cathedral church, which made profits. The bishop also dated May 8, 1332 in favor of the Dobbertin monastery at the parish of Goldberg . The settlement negotiations and lawsuits for the possession of the state of Tribsees continued between 1337 and 1341 and could not be concluded during Bishop Ludolf's lifetime. His efforts and commitment to the preservation of the Stiftsland around Bützow with the imposition of the ban on members of his own relatives and the redemption of the pledge are documented.

Together with his four brothers, he donated a vicariate from an estate to the Marienkirche in Rostock . Also, the Lübeck Cathedral was a small stipend donated as Domherrenpfründe; initially for her uncle, Canon Heinrich von Schwerin, who was confirmed and awarded by Bishop Hinrich zu Lübeck. Bishop Rudolf had financial worries throughout his term of office.

On January 11, 1338, Bishop Ludolf was the only bishop in the region to participate in the peace between a number of north German princes, the dukes of Pomerania , the princes of Mecklenburg and the counts of Schwerin and the northern German cities of Lübeck , Hamburg , Rostock and Wismar . To maintain it he provided a contingent of ten helmeted riders and nine riflemen. Ludolf von Bülow had provoked a quarrel with the Pomeranians as archdeacon, and as a bishop he again concluded peace with the Pomeranians.

It is not known whether the foundation of a memorial on February 16, 1337 in connection with the expansion of a prebend at the Bützow collegiate church already indicated the premonitions of death. Another memory was donated on July 16, 1343 by his brother Heinrich.

Bishop Ludolf died on April 23, 1339 in Warin and was buried in Schwerin Cathedral in front of the high altar. Together with his younger brother Heinrich as successor in office, they received an elaborate Flemish brass grave plate, one of the most important grave monuments in Schwerin Cathedral. Inspired by the grave slabs, also made around 1350, for the Lübeck bishops Burkhard von Serkem and Johannes Mul . The fact that they were compared with Lübeck showed the pride of the Bülows and their financial possibilities.

seal

The bishop Ludolf von Bülow had both a large and a small seal in a round shape. The large seal shows the bishop seated on a low lion throne, with the crook in his right hand and the beech in front of his chest in his left hand. Accompanied by a sun on the right and a moon on the left.

The inscription reads: LUDOLFUS DI GRA EPS ECCLESIE ZWERINSIS.

The secret seal shows the bust of the bishop with miter; it was also used as a back seal.

The inscription reads: SECRETUM LUDOLFI EPI ZWERINENSIS.

Grave slab

On the north wall of the choir aisle in Schwerin Cathedral there are two double grave slabs made of brass, today in oak frames, each for two bishops from the von Bülow family. The cast and then engraved plates were made in Flanders. The smaller, older plate, only three meters high and almost two meters wide, was made for Bishops Ludolf and Heinrich I von Bülow. The deceased bishop is dressed in a precious chasuble, with a miter, staff and the right hand raised to bless. Surrounded by a Gothic framework with numerous figurative representations and encircling inscriptions, evangelists and prophets. Above with the coat of arms of those von Bülow.

His tombstone, on which the bishop's name and coat of arms were barely recognizable, has now been lost.

The Bülow family association had the brass plates restored in 2002.

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Bernhard Hederich: Directory of the bishops of Schwerin. In: Georg Gustav Gerds: Useful collection of various good partly unprinted writings and clock customers 5./6. Collection. Wismar 1737/39, pp. 378-491.
  • Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin with biographical remarks. Ludwigslust 1900.
  • Bülow's family sheet 6. Chapter VI. The episcopal branch until its extinction . Lueneburg 1929.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 2nd volume (1898) pp. 562-565. ISBN 3-910179-06-1 .
  • Klaus Wriedt : The canonical processes around the claims of Mecklenburg and Pomerania to the Rügische inheritance, 1326-1348. Cologne 1963.
  • Josef Traeger : The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 72-76.
  • Josef Traeger: The Bishops of the Diocese of Schwerin. In: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1985, p. 92.
  • Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400). Cologne, Vienna 1987.
  • Andreas Röpcke: Ludolf von Bülow and the Archdiaconate Tribsees. In: Baltic Studies . Volume 96 NF, 2010, ISSN  0067-3099 , pp. 31-42.
  • Bernhard Stasiewski :  Ludolf von Bülow. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 300 ( digitized version ).
  • Klaus Krüger: I am a guest on earth. Grave slabs in Mecklenburg churches in Schwerin 1995. Catalog, text and Fig. 5.
  • Erwin Gatz (ed.), With the assistance of Clemens Brodkorb: The Bishops of the Holy Roman Empire 1198 to 1448. A biographical lexicon. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-10303-3 , p. 705.
  • Dorotheus Graf Rothkirch: Witnesses of power and intercession - The grave slabs of Bishops Rudolf I and von Bülow . In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Volume 3, Schwerin 2008, pp. 25–38. ISBN 978-3-935770-22-4 .
  • Grete Grewolls: Ludolf von Bülow. In: Who was who in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Schwerin (2011).
  • Andreas Röpcke : Bülow, Ludolf. In: Biographical Lexicon for Mecklenburg. Volume 6, Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-7950-3750-5 , pp. 86-87.

Printed sources

Web links

Commons : Ludolf von Bülow, Ludolph of Schwerin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Literature about Ludolf von Bülow in the state bibliography MV

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin. 1900, pp. 7, 15.
  2. ↑ Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: Schwerin canons as archdeacons in the diocese of Schwerin. In: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400). 1900, p. 93.
  3. ↑ MUB I. (1863), No. 370.
  4. ↑ MUB IV. (1867), No. 2505.
  5. ↑ MUB V. (1869), No. 2829.
  6. ↑ MUB VI (1870), No. 3713.
  7. ↑ MUB VII. (1872), No. 4419.
  8. ^ Klaus Wriedt: The canonical processes around the claims of Mecklenburg and Pomerania to the Rügische inheritance 1326-1348. Cologne / Graz, Böhlau 1963, p. 30 ff.
  9. ↑ MUB VIII. (1873), No. 5260.
  10. ↑ Bülow's family book, IS 29–30.
  11. ^ Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Volume II. (1898) P. 546. ISBN 3-910179-06-1
  12. ↑ MUB VIII. (1873) No. 5279.
  13. ↑ MUB VIII. (1873), No. 5332.
  14. ↑ MUB VIII. (1873), No. 5427.
  15. ↑ MUB VIII. (1873) No. 5423, 5428.
  16. ↑ MUB IX. (1875), No. 5844.
  17. ^ Andreas Röpcke: Bülow, Ludolf. 2011 p. 87.
  18. ^ Andreas Röpcke: Ludolf von Bülow and the Archidiakonat Tribsees, in Baltic Studies, 2010, pp. 41–42.
  19. ↑ MJB 8. (1843), Friedrich Lisch : History of the Episcopal Schwerin Coat of Arms, p. 15.
  20. ^ Bernhard Hederich: Directory of the Bishops of Schwerin, 1737, p. 428.
predecessor Office successor
Johann II of Putlitz Bishop of Schwerin
1331–1339 		Heinrich I. von Bülow
personal data
SURNAME Bülow, Ludolf von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Schwerin
DATE OF BIRTH before 1298
DATE OF DEATH April 23, 1339
Place of death Was in