Gottfried I. von Bülow

Double grave plate for Gottfried I (left) and Friedrich II. (Right) von Bülow in the Schwerin Cathedral

Gottfried I. von Bülow (* around 1260 ; † November 1, 1314 in Warin ) was canon and canon of Schwerin in 1289 and bishop of Schwerin from 1292 to 1314 . He was the first bishop of the von Bülow family in Mecklenburg .

Life

Gottfried von Bülow was named as pastor of Gadebusch in 1286 . At that time, the von Bülow families were the wealthiest wealthy families in the Gadebusch area and they figured as witnesses in numerous secular and spiritual notarizations. From May 27, 1289 Gottfried von Bülow was canon and then canon in Schwerin.

Gottfried I von Bülow was first mentioned in a document as Bishop of Schwerin on March 19, 1292 when he was granted indulgences that supported the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Hamburg . The episcopal ordination must have been granted to Gottfried beforehand, since he was no longer referred to as an electus .

As a 30-year-old bishop, Gottfried von Bülow had accepted the three sons of his brother Heinrich, who died shortly after taking office in 1293. He raised the boys Ludolf, Johann and Heinrich, who were around ten years old, at his court and later enfeoffed them generously with goods from the Dompfründen. Among other things, he pledged the Bützow episcopal estate and gave them the positions of canons. He tried to stop the large indebtedness of the monastery, caused by the waste and giving away of church property, by pledging considerable parts of the church property. This led to the cathedral chapter finally intervening in 1299 and seeking to control the further squandering of church property by setting up a commission made up of cathedral provost Johann, cathedral mechanic Otto, archdeacon Bertram von Warin and thesaurar Hermann. The resolutions of the cathedral chapter to protect church interests were powerful and critical. The bishop had then admitted his guilt and was asked to pay damages with threat of a complaint against him to Archbishop Giselbert von Brunkhorst in Bremen . In the following years, until the death of Bishop Gottfried, there was a certain debt relief and a correct relationship between the bishop and the cathedral chapter.

Bishop Gottfried was also actively involved in pastoral measures within the church during his tenure. For example in 1298 when monasteries were moved, such as the penitents from Röbel in the diocese of Havelberg to Malchow in the diocese of Schwerin and the Dominican monastery from the old town of Röbel to the new town with the consent of Bishop Johann II of Havelberg. He created a certain order in the ownership of various monasteries and hospitals in his diocese. In the Doberan monastery he brought up Cistercian monks for pastoral purposes and promoted the preaching activities of the abbot and his monks. He improved the ecclesiastical administration of the diocese by reoccupying the Rostock archdeaconate with a provost from Bützow . He punished the city ​​of Rostock with ecclesiastical penalties for unauthorized removal of the tower of the Petrikirche and the use of the stones to build a hill.

Bishop Gottfried took special care of his cathedral church, the Schwerin Cathedral . During his entire reign the cathedral was built and the bishop's foundations for his episcopal church must be proven.

Bishop Gottfried I. von Bülow died on November 1st, 1314 in the bishop's palace in Warin, but found his grave in Schwerin Cathedral. The von Bülow family had the grave for Bishop Gottfried built in the high choir in front of the main altar next to the grave of Bishop Rudolf I , who died in 1262 and which Gottfried founded. The brass grave plate set up on the north wall of the transept was only erected as a double grave plate 60 later after the death of Bishop Friedrich II von Bülow in 1375.

seal

Bishop Gottfried I. von Bülow had two seals . In the round seal the seated image of a bishop , in the right hand the staff, in the left hand holding a book in front of his chest, on the right the sun, on the left the moon as decorations in the seal field. The chair legs are decorated with a pointed arch and instead of the backrests with dog heads.

The inscription reads: + GODEFRIDVS. DEI. GRA. ECCLESY. ZWERINENSIS.

Since 1298 Gottfried had also had a second small, round secret as a back seal with the portrait of the bishop.

The inscription reads: + SECRTVM. GODEFRIDI. EPI. ZVERINENSIS.

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Grave slab

The most important grave monuments of the Schwerin Cathedral are the two representative double grave plates made of brass for two bishops from the von Bülow family each. The cast and then engraved plates were made in Flanders.

On the four-meter-high and almost two-meter-wide, oak-framed figure grave slab for Gottfried and Friedrich von Bülow, a wave-shaped band of inscriptions snakes along the edge of the slab, showing the younger Gothic minuscules. The two bishops are depicted as dead with closed eyes and clasped hands on pillows held by angels. The surrounding niche architecture suggests perspective depths through starry vaults, an embroidered carpet pattern can be seen in the background. The figures of prophets, apostles and evangelists are set in the niches. The full coat of arms of von Bülow with the 14 balls, bucket helmet and helmet cover is embedded in four places in the border.

The Bülow family association had the brass plates restored in 2002.

Up until the beginning of the 17th century, Gottfried's grave was still covered by a bronze plate with his full image, similar to that of Bishop Bocholt in Lübeck Cathedral .

literature

• Bernhard Hederich: Directories of the bishops of Schwerin, useful collections of various writings , Wismar 1737.
• Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg , I./II. Wismar 1741, p. 823.
• Julius Wiggers: Church history of Mecklenburg , Parchim, Ludwigslust 1840. P. 40–45.
• Friedrich Schlie : Art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Volume 2: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1896, p. 563–566 (to the grave slab with illustration)
• Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin with biographical remarks. Ludwigslust 1900.
• Wilhelm Jesse: History of the City of Schwerin , I. Schwerin 1913, p. 24.
• Josef Traeger : The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984, pp. 57-60.
• Josref Traeger: The Bishops of the Diocese of Schwerin , In: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin , St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984.
• Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400) Cologne, Vienna 1987.
• Grete Grewolls: Gottfried I. von Bülow , In: Who was who in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (1995) p. 162.
• Klaus Krüger: I am a guest on earth. Grave slabs, abrasions from Mecklenburg churches , Schwerin 1995, catalog, text and ill. No. 6.
• Grete Grewolls: Gottfried I. In: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania , (2011).
• Dorotheus Graf Rothkirch: Witnesses of Power and Intercession - The grave slabs of Bishops Rudolf I and those of Bülow in Schwerin Cathedral , In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Volume 3, Schwerin 2008, pp. 25–38. ISBN 978-3-935770-22-4

Web links

• Literature practice Gottfried I. von Bülow in the state bibliography MV

Individual evidence

1. ^ Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin. 1900 p. 7, 14.
2. ↑ Bülowsche Familienbuch I., No. 18.
3. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch MUB III. (1865) No. 1870, 2021.
4. ↑ MUB III. (1865) No. 2157.
5. ↑ MUB IV. (1867) No. 2573.
6. ↑ Mecklenburgisches Jahrbuch MJB 42. (1877), Friedrich Lisch : Schwerin to the transition of the county to the House of Mecklenburg , In: Bisthum und Capitel , p. 65 ff.
7. ^ Karl Schmaltz: Church history of Mecklenburg , I. 1935, p. 134.
8. ↑ MUB IV. (1867) No. 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508.
9. ↑ MUB V. (1869) No. 2520, 2521.
10. ^ Julius Wiggers: Church history Mecklenburgs , p. 45.
11. ↑ Horst Ende : The Schwerin Cathedral , The Diocese and the Cathedral in History , 2005, pp. 12-13.
12. ^ Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , II. (1898), Schwerin, Der Dom, pp. 563-566. ISBN 3-910179-06-1

predecessor	Office	successor
Hermann I of Schladen	Bishop of Schwerin 1292-1314	Hermann von Maltzan