Friedrich II. Von Bülow

Double grave plate for Gottfried I (left) and Friedrich II. (Right) von Bülow in the Schwerin Cathedral

Friedrich II. , Actually Vicko von Bülow († September 11, 1375 in Warin ) was a thesaurary in the Schwerin cathedral chapter from 1356 to 1366 and then bishop of Schwerin until his death in 1375 .

Life

After the death of Bishop Rudolf II of Anhalt on January 14, 1366, Pope Urban V again occupied the Schwerin episcopal see with a member of the von Bülow family . Vicko, who now called himself Friedrich II as bishop, was a nephew of the two previous bishops Ludolf and Heinrich I. The father was also called Vicko and was called a knight , the mother was called Ghese. Both were mentioned in the bishop's memorandum of June 15, 1369.

Vico von Bülow was designated by the cathedral chapter as the fourth bishop of the Bülow family as the successor to Bishop Albrecht for the office. But at that time he and his relatives were involved in a long-term dispute with the Schwerin bishops Andreas von Wislica and Albrecht von Sternberg over the return of pledged goods, during which the church ban was pronounced. In the meantime he was a squire and consiliarius at the Mecklenburg Princely House. He had in Schwerin Domkapitel a canonicate, a smaller stipend and the dignity of Domthesaurars held, but had only the lower Weihe . On October 22, 1356 he exchanged the thesaurary at the Heilig-Geist-Kapelle zu Warin from Lübeck canon Paul Hake , for which he made annat payments to Rome. On March 10, 1358 and June 24, 1364 he was entrusted with the implementation of papal commissions and on February 3, 1360 and May 8, 1365 he donated vicarages in Bützow and Schwerin.

The notification of confirmation as the new bishop was issued by the Pope on January 14, 1366 to the cathedral chapter, the clergy, the vassals, the city of Schwerin , Archbishop Albert II of Bremen and Emperor Charles IV. The Electus now received permission to have the higher ordination (deacon and priestly ordination) conferred by any bishop. The bishops Wilpert von Ratzeburg and Cremon von Lübeck were commissioned to personally accept the waiver of the castles Bützow , Warin and Bisdorf as well as other goods from the episcopal table that the Bülow relatives claimed as pledged property. Bishop Friedrich had Bisdorf Castle pulled down.

On August 11, 1366, the Electus received permission to receive episcopal ordination from any orthodox bishop . On the same day two curators were appointed to him. On March 3, 1367 Frederick still called himself Electus et Confirmatus and used the round seal with this legend. The clergy in the Schwerin diocese faced great difficulties in raising the costs incurred in the elevation of episcopal dignity. Canon Marquard Bermann , who was still acting as a notary, had to demand the sluggish payments by decree on March 3, 1367. On March 31, 1367, the servitien (fees) due for the confirmation were paid to the Pontifical Chamber. It is not known when the episcopal ordination took place afterwards. On April 30, 1367 the bishop called himself Fredricus dei et apostolice sedis gracia episcopus Zwerinensis . The use of his large, pointed oval seal, which already shows him with a miter and bishop's staff, can be documented as early as July 5, 1367. The consecration should have already taken place.

There was also trouble with Doberan Monastery . Abbot Gottschalk Höppener protested against the bishop's jurisdiction over the monastery and against any donation of the monastery to Bishop Friedrich von Schwerin. During the tough negotiations in the summer of 1367, the bishop even threatened excommunication. On December 20, 1367, the Schwerin provost Heinrich von Bülow, who was elected as arbitrator, and the Doberan Cistercian monk Johann Bragen reached a compromise in mutual appreciation and friendship at the Bishop's Castle in Warin and saw the dispute as over.

On June 4, 1368, the final consecration of the ecclesie Doberanensi bene fundate et edificiis perfecte (the well-founded Doberan Church, which was still under construction) was carried out by the Schwerin bishop Friedrich II von Bülow in the presence of Duke Albrecht II and his son Heinrich III. with the assistance of Auxiliary Bishop Goswinus Grope , Father Abbot Engelhard von Amelungsborn , Doberan Abbot Gottschalk Höppener and other dignitaries. In the Bülow Chapel , founded in 1372 by his father, the knight Vicko von Bülow, he later set up a memorial for himself and his family members.

During his tenure, Bishop Friedrich also worked as a builder for the Schwerin Cathedral and the Bützow Collegiate Church . The bishop's castle in Warin was also improved, which was confirmed by heraldic brick finds when the castle was demolished.

Property regulations and donations of land with the Mecklenburg sovereigns and their own families, but also the debt repayment of the foundation are to be mentioned during his term of office. Duke Albrecht II donated the village of Bülow near Rehna to the bishop to be incorporated into the Schwerin church property. The village of Eickhof , the Vogtei Schwaan , Kröpelin , Marlow , Sülze and other documented places were negotiated several times around 1370.

Friedrich II decreed measures to order the situation in the cathedral chapter in Schwerin up to and including instructions for the organization of services; he was also able to enjoy a growing reputation at the papal court. This also included the permission of the bishop to endow a prebender for a canon in the Schwerin cathedral chapter and the power of attorney for Bishop Friedrich's confessor to grant him full absolution of his sins on his deathbed .

In 1372 Friedrich II donated the Bülow Chapel in the Doberan Minster . Masses should be held regularly in the chapel for the benefit of his own soul as well as that of his parents, brothers and the other close relatives of Bülow's bishops. The chapel, which is still accessible today, was restored in 1877 on the initiative of the Bülow Family Association.

According to tradition, overall he was a self-confident and contentious prince of the church.

Bishop Friedrich II died on September 11, 1375 in Warin, where his bowels are also ... and is buried in Schwerin in the choir and in his ancestor, the first bishop of the Bülowwen family, Gottfredi grave . Together with Bishop Gottfried von Bülow, he received a double grave plate made from brass tablets.

seal

Three different seals are known from Bishop Friedrich II :

In the round seal that was first used, in the field adorned with tendrils, God the Father sits with the crucified Christ on his lap, on the sides Mary and John with the chalice. Two crooked sticks are placed in the St. Andrew's cross above the Bülow shield below.

The inscription reads: + S 'FREDERICI EPI COF / IRMATI ZWERINEN

The large episcopal seal has a pointed oval shape. In the upper third there are also the Mother of God and St. John the Evangelist in a Gothic niche. Below between two shields, on the right with the crossed bishop's staffs on a cross-sectioned coat of arms , on the left with the Bülow shield (with 14 Byznten), both held by lions, the praying bishop Friedrich with miter, holding the staff in his right arm.

The inscription reads: + S 'FREDERICI DEI GRA EPI ECCE ZWERINEN.

The third seal of Bishop Friedrich is a small, round secretion seal. In a Gothic niche a portrait of a bishop with miter, underneath the Bülow coat of arms, on which two bishop's staffs placed in the St. Andrew's cross are placed.

The inscription reads: S 'FREDERICI. EPI. ZWERINEN.

Grave slab

In Schwerin Cathedral, on the north wall of the choir aisle, there are two double grave plates made of brass, today in oak frames, for the bishops from the Bülow family. The cast and then engraved plates were made in Flanders . The four meter high and almost two meter wide brass plate already differs significantly from the earlier plate in the cathedral. After the death of Friedrich in 1375, the plate was erected not only for his great-uncle Gottfried , but also for his great-uncle Gottfried , the first bishop of the Bülow family, who had died over 60 years earlier . Both are shown as deceased, with their eyes closed and their hands on top of each other. Under the heads lie cushions that are protected by angels on both sides. The surrounding niche architecture suggests perspective depths through starry vaults, an embroidered carpet pattern can be seen in the background. Here, too, the figures of the prophets, apostles and evangelists are placed in the niches. A frieze with genre scenes runs under the feet and the ferrules of the bishopric.

The full coat of arms of Bülow with a bucket helmet and helmet cover is embedded in four places in the border, without a helmet it is distributed several times on the robes of the deceased.

In 2004 the Bülow family association had the brass grave plate restored for the two bishops.

literature

• Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin with biographical remarks. Ludwigslust 1900.
• Konrad Eubel : Hierarchia catholica medii aevi , Volume I. 1913.
• Bülowsches Familienblatt (1929) 6, pp. 14-19. (1929) 7, pp. 12-19. (1930) 8, pp. 12-15.
• Gerhard Müller-Alpermann: Status and origin of the bishops of the Magdeburg and Hamburg church provinces in the Middle Ages. Prenzlau 1930.
• Heinrich Otto Meisner :  Bülow, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 727 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400). Cologne, Vienna 1987.
• Grete Grewolls: Friedrich II. Von Bülow . In: Who was who in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . (1995) p. 140.
• Klaus Krüger: I am a guest on earth. Grave slabs in Mecklenburg churches . Schwerin 1995, catalog, text and ill.no.6.
• Dorotheus Graf Rothkirch: Witnesses of power and intercession. The tombstones of Bishops Rudolf I and von Bülow in Schwerin Cathedral . In: Cultural heritage in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Volume 3 (2008), pp. 25-38.
• Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. The dictionary of persons . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-356-01301-6 , p. 2961 .

Web links

• Literature about Friedrich II. (Von Bülow) in the state bibliography MV

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Margit Kaluza-Baumruker: List of Thesaurare . In: The Schwerin Cathedral Chapter (1171–1400). 1987 pp. 66, 197.
2. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9441.
3. ↑ Konrad Eubel: Hirarchia catholica medii aevi , IS 539th
4. ↑ MUB XIII. (1884) No. 7454, MUB XIV. (1886) No. 8348.
5. ↑ MUB XIV. (1886) No. 8386.
6. ↑ Bülowsche Familienblatt No. 6, 1926 pp. 14-16.
7. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9442.
8. ↑ MUB XXV. A (1936) No. 14429.
9. ↑ MUB XXV. A (1936) No. 14461, 14561.
10. ↑ MUB XIV. (1886) No. 8710, MUB XV. (1890) No. 9352.
11. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9445.
12. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9446.
13. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9526, 9527.
14. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9605, 9606.
15. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9627, 9656.
16. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9615, 9714.
17. ^ Johannes Voss, Jutta Brüdern: Das Münster zu Bad Doberan , Munich Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-422-02048-1 , pp. 73-74.
18. ↑ MUB XVII. (1897) No. 10381.
19. ^ Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Volume II. 1898, p. 549.
20. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9881, 9882, 9883, 9884.
21. ↑ MUB XVIII. (1897) No. 10240, 10241, 10242.
22. ^ Bülow family book , IS 60.
23. ↑ MUB XVIII. (1897) no.10771.
24. ^ Bernhard Hederich: Directory of the Bishops of Schwerin , 1737 pp. 440–441.
25. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9605.
26. ^ Mecklenburgisches Jahrbuch MJB 8 (1843) Friedrich Lisch : History of the Episcopal Schwerin Coat of Arms , p. 18.
27. ↑ MUB XVI. (1893) No. 9656.
28. ^ Horst Ende: Der Dom zu Schwerin , Munich, Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-422-06519-9 , pp. 55–61.
29. ↑ Klaus Krüger: Grave slabs in Mecklenburg churches , Schwerin, Dom, 1995, text and Fig. No. 6.
30. ^ According to Heinrich Otto Meisner, the NDB incorrectly states the year of the beginning of his pontificate as the year of death; following him also the wrong life dates at the DNB / GND.

predecessor	Office	successor
Rudolf II of Anhalt	Bishop of Schwerin 1366-1375	Melchior of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen