Frieda von Bülow

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Frieda von Bülow, around 1902

Frieda Sophie Luise Freiin von Bülow (born October 12, 1857 in Berlin ; † March 12, 1909 at Dornburg Castle / Saale ) was a German writer, traveler to Africa, supporter of the colonial idea and founder of the German colonial novel .

Life

Frieda von Bülow came from the noble family Bülow and spent the first years of childhood in Smyrna ( Ottoman Empire ). Her father Hugo von Bülow (May 13, 1821– January 26, 1869) was Prussian consul there. She started school in the Kaiserswerth Deaconess House in Smyrna. The family lived with their father in Smyrna until 1865, after which their mother, née Klothilde Luise Henriette von Münchhausen (December 5, 1832– March 27, 1891), moved to the family manor in Ingersleben near Neudietendorf in Thuringia , which she had trusted from childhood where Frieda was to grow up with her grandmother and four siblings. Consul von Bülow came to visit there in 1867, but returned to Smyrna, where he soon fell ill and died.

Frieda von Bülow had a particularly close relationship with her younger sister Margarethe von Bülow . After attending school in Neudietendorf, the sisters also spent a school year in England from 1876 onwards with the Moravian Church there . In 1881 the sisters moved to Berlin, where Margarethe drowned in 1884 trying to rescue a boy who had broken into the ice. Margaret's literary estate was only published posthumously.

Soon after this stroke of fate, Frieda, an enthusiastic supporter of the colonial idea, founded the women's association for nursing in the colonies . As a board member of the German-East African Evangelical Mission Society, she campaigned for the establishment of a mission hospital in Dunda am Kigan as early as 1886. In order to set up nursing stations, she traveled to her brother Albrecht von Bülow in Zanzibar and German East Africa , where she lived from 1885 to 1889. There she met Carl Peters , with whom she worked for years and with whom she fell unhappily in love. In her novel Im Lande der Verheißung (1899) she portrays the flirtation with Peters, who was one of the cruelest German colonial pioneers and who later became the National Socialists' colonial hero for a reason . In October 1886 she founded the German National Women's Association . She organized charity events for hospital wards in East Africa. Her lifestyle, which was perceived as extravagant, was also criticized by von Bülow, since her appearance in predominantly male social circles did not fit into the image of a nurse at the time. In 1888 the German National Women's Association dismissed them from the board. After returning to Berlin in 1889 due to malaria , Frieda von Bülow began writing with numerous novels and short stories, in which she placed the thematic focus on East Africa and the colonial life there. Her attempt in 1893/94 to manage the plantations of her brother Albrecht von Bülow, who died in 1892 on Kilimanjaro in German East Africa, failed. Since then she has lived in Germany again, and spent the last two years of her life with her sister Sophie at Dornburg Castle in Thuringia. Frieda von Bülow succumbed to cancer in 1909.

Friendships

Frieda von Bülow was friends with the "femme de lettre" Lou Andreas-Salomé and in the spring of 1897 Andreas-Salomé visited her friend Frieda von Bülow in Munich from Berlin. Rainer Maria Rilke was one of von Bülow's friends and admirers , who was of the opinion that Frieda von Bülow was always committed to the great.

Honor

  • The name "von-Bülow-Gymnasium" in Neudietendorf in 1997 goes back to Frieda and Margarethe von Bülow.

Works

  • Travel sketches and diary sheets from German East Africa (1889)
  • At the other end of the world (novel, 1890)
  • The consul. Patriotic novel from our days (1891)
  • German-East African short stories. (Berlin 1892)
  • Ludwig von Rosen. A story from two worlds. (Berlin 1892)
  • Margarethe and Ludwig. (Roman, Berlin 1892)
  • Tropical fever. Episode from German colonial life. Berlin 1896. ( Digitized version of Stanford University, 4th edition 1911 ; PDF file; 18.99 MB)
  • Lonely women (short stories, 1897)
  • Kara (novel, 1897)
  • Anna Stern (novel, 1898)
  • We Today (Two Tales, 1898)
  • In the land of promise. A German colonial novel. (Dresden 1899)
  • Evening children (novel, 1900)
  • In the witch ring. A summer story from the country. (Roman, J. Engelhorn Stuttgart 1901)
  • Guardian of the Threshold (Roman, 1902)
  • The stylized woman. She and he (two short stories, 1902)
  • Alone I want! (Roman, 1903)
  • In the sign of the harvest. Italian country life today. (Roman, 1904)
  • Earthly love. An Everyday Story (novel, 1905)
  • The daughter (novel, 1906)
  • The Portuguese Castle. Tale of the East African Coast (1907)
  • Free love (novella, 1909)
  • The sisters. Story of a girl's youth. (Roman, Dresden 1909)
  • Woman loyalty. (Roman, Dresden 1910)

literature

  • Author collective: "Two flowers on a branch". Contributions to the life and work of the writers Frieda and Margarethe von Bülow. Ed .: Heimatmuseum Ingersleben, 2000 (Appendix catalog of works by Frieda and Margarethe von Bülow)
  • Katja Kaiser: Neudietendorf: Frieda von Bülow, the colonial women's question and colonial women's organizations, in: Ulrich van der Heyden and Joachim Zeller (eds.): Colonialism here in Germany - A search for traces in Germany. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86680-269-8 , pp. 171-176.
  • Monika Czernin : "That wonderful feeling of freedom". Frieda von Bülow and the longing for Africa . List, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-471-77279-9 (novel biography)
  • Katharina von Hammerstein (Ed.): Frieda Freiin von Bülow: Travel sketches and diary sheets from German East Africa (= COGNOSCERE HISTORIAS, Vol. 19). Trafo, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-89626-946-1
  • Marianne Brechhaus-Gerst: Frieda von Bülow , in: Jürgen Zimmerer (Ed.): No place in the sun. Places of remembrance of German colonial history , Campus Verlag Ffm 2013, pp. 365–373.
  • Kerstin Decker : My farm in Africa. The life of Frieda von Bülow . Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-8270-1237-1 .
  • Katja Kaiser: Is it all theater? The staging of German rule in the East African "protected area" in Frieda von Bülow's texts . In: Stefan Noack / Christine de Gemeaux / Uwe Puschner (eds.): German East Africa. Dynamics of European cultural contacts and horizons of experience in the colonial area , Berlin a. a .: Peter Lang 2019 (Civilizations & History; 57), ISBN 978-3-631-77497-7 , pp. 59-78.

Web links

Wikisource: Frieda von Bülow  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Volker Klimpel : Frieda von Bülow , in: Hubert Kolling (Hrsg.): Biographical lexicon for nursing history "Who was who in nursing history" , Vol. 7 hpsmedia Nidda, pp. 53 + 54.
  2. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : The patriotic women's associations of the Red Cross using the example of the women's association for nursing in the colonies, in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Philipp Osten : Schlachtschrecken - Konventionen. The Red Cross and the Invention of Humanity in War . Modern history of medicine and science, Volume 20, Centaurus Verlag Freiburg 2011, on Frieda Freiin von Bülow pp. 91 + 92, ISBN 978-3-86226-045-4 . doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-86226-459-9
  3. ↑ cf. Timm Ebner: National Socialist Colonial Literature . Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2016, p. 46 .
  4. ↑ Gisela Brinker-Gabler, Karola Ludwig, Angela Wöffen: Lexicon of German-speaking women writers 1800-1945. dtv Munich, 1986. ISBN 3-423-03282-0 . P. 48 f.
  5. ^ Website: von Bülow Gymnasium Neudietendorf , accessed on March 19, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Bülow, Frieda von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bülow, Frieda Sophie Luise Freiin von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH October 12, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1909
Place of death Dornburg / Saale