Dornburg (Dornburg-Camburg)
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Dornburg
City of Dornburg-Camburg
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| Height : | 235 m |
| Area : | 10.4 km² |
| Residents : | 750 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 72 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 1, 2008 |
| Postal code : | 07774 |
| Area code : | 036427 |
 Location of Dornburg in Dornburg-Camburg
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Dornburg is a former town in the north of the Saale-Holzland district and has been part of the town of Dornburg-Camburg since December 1, 2008 ; previously it belonged to the administrative community Dornburg-Camburg . Dornburg is best known for the three Dornburg castles .
geography
Geographical location
Dornburg is located in the middle Saale valley between the cities of Jena and Naumburg (Saale) . The road 2303 from Apolda runs through the city and connects Dornburg to the B 88, which runs 1 km east in the Saale valley . The city of Jena is 10 km, Naumburg 20 km and Camburg, the next city down the hall, 6.5 km away. In the district of Naschhausen , the Dornburg train station is on the Saalbahn . The next motorway is the A 9 in the east.
landscape
Dornburg is located on a steep limestone cliff that drops to the east into the Saale valley and to two small side valleys in the south and north. On the flat areas on the plateau and in the Saale meadow there are fields, on the slopes and rocks of the Saale valley there is wild, forest-like vegetation. In the south of the district is the castle skull , a steep mountain spur on which there was once a castle site. The highest elevations are just over 300 m above sea level. NN on the Galgenberg and on the plateau near Wilsdorf.
history
The name of the city of Dornburg is derived from the Dornburg, which was probably built as a Carolingian imperial castle in the 9th century. It is not yet known whether the first castle was built in the 10th century. The prerequisite for the construction of the castle on the plateau above the Saale was the strategically favorable location at the crossroads of important trade routes, one of which crossed the Saalefurt near Hummelstedt . In 937 King Otto I donated all income from Dornburg and Kirchberg to the nunnery in Quedlinburg at the request of his mother Mathilde . Later he left the income of Dornburg and other places to his court chaplain Boso , who later became the bishop of Merseburg . Under the Saxon emperors, Dornburg was one of the cities with a royal palace and had a castle where the emperors had met and held assemblies since 965. In 971 the Palatinate and its church are said to have burned down. In the 10th century, together with Kirchberg Castle under the Ottonians, it came more strongly into imperial politics. Numerous visits by the kings suggest a spacious palace. After the death of Otto III. In 1002 King Heinrich II held an imperial assembly in Dornburg.
With the construction of the Saale bridge in Dorndorf, the Saale crossing at Hummelstedt lost its importance, and the place became desolate after 1209 . Finds from excavations carried out in 2010 as part of the development of building land on the parcel in the old town on the extended high plateau suggest that the original imperial palace was located there.
In 1081 Count Wiprecht von Groitzsch received from Heinrich IV. Dornburg and Camburg . In 1287 the castle was first associated with the Vargula taverns . It is unclear when they acquired this, but it could have occurred at the same time as Tautenburg was enfeoffed. Among these, the medieval settlement was probably relocated half a kilometer west of the castle, directly on the rock spur. The granting of the town charter also falls during the time of the taverns, because during the Thuringian Count War in 1343 it was first mentioned as a town with citizens when it was sold to the Schwarzburger and Orlamünde . In 1357 it came to the Wettins , who a short time later created an office in Dornburg . This office existed almost unchanged until the 19th century. The Wettins pawned the castle in the years after 1357, so that a frequent change of ownership took place. a. in 1445 to Busso Vitzthum . In 1485 the castle and town fell to the Albertines during the division of Wettin , and were then handed over to the Ernestines after the Wittenberg surrender in 1547 . During the partition of Erfurt in 1572 it came to Sachsen-Weimar and when it was partitioned in 1603 to Sachsen-Altenburg , in 1673 to Sachsen-Jena , after its extinction, in 1690 to Sachsen-Weimar, which was united with Sachsen-Eisenach in 1741 . The town and castle remained in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach until 1918, then moved to the newly formed Free State of Thuringia , from 1945 to the State of Thuringia, from 1952 to the Jena-Land district in the Gera district and after 1990 again to the Free State of Thuringia, in the new formed Saale-Holzland-Kreis.
On December 1, 2008, the city of Dornburg / Saale was incorporated together with the neighboring Dorndorf-Steudnitz into the down town of Camburg , which then changed its name to Dornburg-Camburg . Before that, the town of Dornburg included the main town, Hirschroda and Wilsdorf . Until the 1930s Naschhausen also belonged to Dornburg. The Bernsroda desert is located on the corridor between Dornburg, Hirschroda and Würchhausen. In addition to the core city with around 700 inhabitants, around 100 people each live in Hirschroda and Wilsdorf.
→ See also: Lanserode (desert)
Culture and sights
The most important sights in Dornburg are the three Dornburg castles . You stand on a limestone rock, above the village of Dorndorf-Steudnitz on the Saale.
Other sights of the city
- the historical ceramic workshop at the Bauhaus Weimar, branch in Dornburg
- the historic street market
- the parish church of St. Jacobi with foundation walls from the 13th century (see also below)
- the town hall from 1728
- the old city wall with house on the wall
- the baroque garden at the rococo castle
- the English garden at the renaissance castle
- the castle skull and the Voigtstein, viewpoints south of the city
- the Schweigelberg north of the city and the Wetthügel west of the city, on which valuable bronze objects were found
- Tumulus and display boards on Stone and Bronze Age finds on the "Galgenberg / In den Tännchen"
- Panoramic view and information board to the Bernsroda desert north of the "Koppelgraben"
Regular events
- Dornburg Rose Festival, annually in June
- Dornburg classic car meeting
traffic
The station Dornburg (Saale) is located at the Saal Railway .
Public facilities
- City administration
- kindergarten
- Volunteer firefighter
- Conference facilities in the old castle
Church and religion
In the old town is the parish church of St. Jacobi , which was consecrated to St. James . The church is used by the Evangelical Lutheran parish. Dornburg and its parish church are known beyond regional borders for weddings and weddings. Dornburg was a Roman Catholic until 1539. After the death of Duke George of Saxony, the Reformation was introduced here too . A first church in connection with Dornburg was mentioned in the year 976, whereby Dornburg Castle mentioned in 937 certainly had at least one chapel.
When the first church was built is still controversial and has not been archaeologically investigated. An early church building in the 13th century is to be assumed, which coincided with the relocation of the settlement to the high medieval feudal castle. The construction of the current buildings of the St. James Church goes back largely to the 15th century. In 1598 there were extensive new buildings; a fire destroyed the church in 1717. The masonry seems to have survived this. Reconstruction began the following year. You can still see the edge from which the walls were repositioned in 1589. In 1820 the church received a Gerhardt organ, which has been used again since the restoration in 1989. The church is also used for concerts. a. Chamber concerts take place. The church records from the Reformation period were also destroyed in the fire in 1717.
The patronage of St. Jakobus Major goes back to the Catholic period (before 1539). The church has had no name since the Reformation. It was not until the 30s of the 20th century that it was named St. Jakobus Major , with Hermann Stöbe also finding historical evidence for the first time. In addition to the main altar, there were two side altars in the church until the 16th century, which were consecrated to the Holy Cross and St. George.
There was a chapel in the castle, the patronage of which is unknown. In the "old town", west of today's location, there was another church according to the hereditary interest books of the 16th century, which may have been the predecessor church of St. Jakobus and possibly a successor to the Palatinate Church.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Max Krehan (1875–1925), ceramist, ran a pottery workshop in Dornburg and was foreman at the ceramics department of the Bauhaus Weimar
- Thomas Kretschmer (* 1955), civil rights activist and sculptor
People related to the place
- Esiko von Merseburg († 1004), Dornburg claimed to Margrave Ekkehard I.
- Hans Friedrich von Drachsdorf (1564–1629), governor in Dornburg and Camburg
- Wolfgang Zetzsching , son of the advisor to Elector Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous , built the southern of the three Dornburg castles in the style that still exists today. The jewelry portal at the Renaissance castle is ascribed to him.
- Johann Reichard , land rent master of the Duchy of Altenburg, rebuilt the administrative administration in Dornburg after the Thirty Years' War . His work was prosaically recorded by Pastor Frenkel in the novel Der Dachdecker von Dornburg .
- Johann Paul Hebenstreit (1664–1718), Superintendent of Dornburg from 1705 to 1718
- Johann Samuel Schröter (1735–1808), Rector of the Dornburg School, published a large number of writings, so u. a. also the oldest surviving chronicle in the city, which provides a multitude of details about Dornburg's history from sources that no longer exist today.
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) stayed several times in what is now the "Goethe Castle"
- Carl August Christian Sckell , offspring of a court gardener family and garden architect in Goethe's time, created the ensemble of palace gardens that still exists today. Many details about Goethe's stay in Dornburg have come down to us through him.
- Sophie Mereau (1770–1806) writer, spent the summer of 1799 in Dornburg and immortalized the city in the poem Farewell to Dornburg.
- Frieda Freiin von Bülow (1857–1909), writer, died here
- Sophie Hoechstetter (1873–1943), writer, lived in Dornburg for a long time
- Gerhard Marcks (1889–1981), sculptor, headed the Bauhaus pottery in Dornburg from 1920
- Andreas Arnstedt (* 1969), actor
literature
- Johann Samuel Schröter : Chronicle of Dornburg / This chronicle is with a lot of diligence from the soul. Mr. Superint. Schröter zu Buttstädt, who was Rector zu Dornburg from 1756 to 1763… written by hand… Manuscript in the Duchess Anna Amalia Library Weimar Shelfmark: Oct 117 [b].
- Johann Gottlob Samuel Schwabe : Historical-antiquarian news from the former kaiserl. Pfalzstadt Dornburg an der Saale, a contribution to the German antiquities and the history of the Middle Ages. Collected and communicated from documents, chronicles, and other reliable sources. Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar 1825, ( online ).
- Paul Wolff : Dornburg (= blue-gold series. 3, ZDB -ID 2601170-0 ). Müller, Rudolstadt 1924.
- Festschrift for the 1000th anniversary of Dornburg an der Saale (= Das Thüringer Fähnlein. Vol. 6, No. 7, 1937, ZDB -ID 401002-4 ). Neuenhahn, Jena 1937, ( online ).
- Hanfried Victor (Ed.): Churches in Dornburg and the surrounding area. The parishes of Dornburg, Dorndorf and Nerkewitz. Wartburg-Verlag, Jena 1990, ISBN 3-374-01068-7 , p. 96.
- Detlef Ignasiak: Dornburg on the Saale. The castles, the city and its surroundings. A cultural history (= Central German miniatures. 1). Quartus-Verlag, Bucha near Jena 1998, ISBN 3-931505-25-1 .
- Andrei Zahn: The residents of the city of Dornburg. 13th to 18th century. Volume 2: Family book Dornburg / Saale (Saale-Holzland-Kreis) (= sources on the history of the town and office of Dornburg / Saale. 4 = German local family books. Series B, 373 = Central German local family books of the AMF. 32 , ZDB -ID 2385367-0 ). Printed as a manuscript. Silver print, Niestetal 2006.
- Andrei Zahn: House book Dornburg part 1. In: Between Saale and Ilm. About life on the Saale-Ilm-Platte through the ages from then to now. No. 4, 2010, ZDB -ID 2682264-7 .
- Chronicle group Dornburg (Ed.): Dornburg. History and stories. Volume 1. Chronicle group in the Dornburger Rosenfest eV, Jena 2012.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jonathan C. Zenker : Historical-topographical pocket book of Jena and its surroundings, especially in natural science and medical relationship. Frommann, Jena 1836, pp. 155–159 .
- ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , pp. 86-87.
- ↑ Angelika Schimmel: Archaeologists dig "In the old town" in Dornburg. In: Ostthüringer Zeitung , October 28, 2010.
- ^ Johann Ernst Fabri : Geography for all estates. Part 1, Volume 4: Which contains the continuation and the resolution of the Upper Saxon Circle. Schwickert, Leipzig 1793, p. 6 .
- ↑ Michael Köhler: Pagan sanctuaries. Pre-Christian places of worship and suspected cult sites in Thuringia. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-910141-85-8 , pp. 251-252.
- ^ Andrei Zahn: Reconstruction of the destroyed church registers of the parish Dornburg / Saale. In: Contributions to family history. Dedicated to retired superintendent Martin Bauer on the occasion of his 85th birthday (= AMF series of publications 228, 1, ZDB -ID 2380765-9 ). Working Group for Central German Family Research eV, Leipzig a. a. 2011, pp. 116–152.
- ↑ Andrei Zahn: The arrival of St. James in Dornburg. , in “Dornburg. History and Stories. ”Volume 3.
- ^ Andrei Zahn: Churches in Dornburg. Unpublished manuscript.
